Maintenance of bioenergetic balance in sperm and prevention of lipid peroxidation: a review of the effect on design of storage preservation systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Hammerstedt
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Release Potential ◽  
Sperm Survival ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Ram Sperm

Effective use of encapsulated sperm requires careful review of: (a) the conditions under which the procedure can be effectively used; (b) assessment of the effect of storage conditions on sperm survival; (c) description of the environment of the female tract before, during and after capsule deposition; and (d) economic evaluation of impact and costs of the putative technology. Sperm survival depends on successful sustenance over two periods of storage (at subambient temperatures after collection and extension, then at body temperature when placed in the female tract) and one period of action (after release and until fertilization). The bioenergetic requirements of cauda epididymal and ejaculated bull and ram sperm are reviewed in terms of absolute ATP needs and are discussed in terms of storage needs. In addition, sperm inactivation by lipid peroxidation is discussed and suggestions are provided to minimize the process. Two general types of containers are possible. An open porous form allows free passage of nutrients and metabolic products; the entrapped sperm are thus subjected to the changing environment in the female tract. The other form is a sealed capsule that opens to release sperm before ovulation; it provides a sperm storage environment independent of female tract chemistry but introduces problems of nutrient supply and metabolite release. Potential experimental approaches to evaluate each type of system are discussed.

scholarly journals Patients’ expectations on medicines information

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sevikyan ◽  
I Kazaryan
Keyword(s):  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Medicine Price ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Medicines Information ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Effective Use

Abstract Background Medicines information is important for patients as it assists them in achieving more safe and effective use of pharmaceuticals. Many patients seek information from community pharmacies' staff. The objectives of this study were to identify specific topics of medicines information which patients expect to receive at community pharmacies. Methods Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1059 visitors of community pharmacies in Armenia. Previously developed questionnaire was used for interviewing patients. Data were analysed with the SPSS statistical software. Results Most of participants acknowledged importance of receiving from community pharmacies' staff information on therapeutic indications of medicines (91.1%), dosage and method of administration (90.8%), the duration of treatment (86.3%), expiry date (85.7%), adverse reactions (85.0%), contraindications (84.6%), storage conditions (77.5%) and type of activity (76.0%). Importance of receiving information on some specific topics depends on patients' age. Participants' acknowledgement of information on interaction with other medicines, certain categories of users, and potential effects on the ability to drive is decreasing with patients' age increasing (p < 0.001). The opposite trend was observed with attitude to receiving information on medicine price that was mostly valued by elderly patients (p = 0.046). The number of patients who trust the information provided was higher among those who more often received comprehensive responses from pharmacists and pharmacy assistants (p < 0.001). Conclusions Receiving medicines information from the staff of community pharmacies is important for patients, and the majority of them trust to information received. Patients are mainly provided with comprehensive responses to their questions about medicines, and there was dependence between a frequency of receiving comprehensive responses and a level of patients' trust the information provided by pharmacy staff. Key messages Increasing patients’ awareness on their right to get medicines information can be beneficial. Comprehensive responses increase patients trust medicines information provided by pharmacists.

scholarly journals Functional morphology of immature mating in a widow spider

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Sentenská ◽  
Aileen Neumann ◽  
Yael Lubin ◽  
Gabriele Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Sperm Transfer ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Mating Tactics ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Widow Spider

Abstract Background Mating generally occurs after individuals reach adulthood. In many arthropods including spiders, the adult stage is marked by a final moult after which the genitalia are fully developed and functional. In several widow spider species (genus Latrodectus), however, immature females may mate a few days before they moult to adulthood, i.e. in their late-subadult stage. While the “adult” mating typically results in cannibalism, males survive the “immature” mating. During both “immature” and “adult” matings, males leave parts of their paired copulatory organs within female genitalia, which may act as mating plugs. To study potential costs and benefits of the two mating tactics, we investigated female genital morphology of the brown widow spider, L. geometricus. Light microscopy, histology and micro-computed tomography of early-subadult, late-subadult and adult females were conducted to determine the overall pattern of genital maturation. We compared genitalia of mated late-subadult and adult females to reveal potential differences in the genitalic details that might indicate differential success in sperm transfer and different environments for sperm storage and sperm competition. Results We found that the paired sperm storage organs (spermathecae) and copulatory ducts are developed already in late-subadult females and host sperm after immature mating. However, the thickness of the spermathecal cuticle and the staining of the secretions inside differ significantly between the late-subadult and adult females. In late-subadult females mating plugs were found with higher probability in both spermathecae compared to adult females. Conclusions Sperm transfer in matings with late-subadult females follows the same route as in matings with adult females. The observed differences in the secretions inside the spermathecae of adult and late-subadult females likely reflect different storage conditions for the transferred sperm which may lead to a disadvantage under sperm competition if the subadult female later re-mates with another male. However, since males mating with late-subadult females typically transfer sperm to both spermathecae they might benefit from numerical sperm competition as well as from monopolizing access to the female sperm storage organs. The assessment of re-mating probability and relative paternity will clarify the costs and benefits of the two mating tactics in light of these findings.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Plant Resistance to Arthropod Pests

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-545
Author(s):  
James R Nechols ◽  
Ashley R Hough ◽  
David C Margolies ◽  
John R Ruberson ◽  
Brian P McCornack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Arthropod Pests ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Effective Use

Abstract Temperature has a strong influence on the development, survival, and fecundity of herbivorous arthropods, and it plays a key role in regulating the growth and development of their host plants. In addition, temperature affects the production of plant secondary chemicals as well as structural characteristics used for defense against herbivores. Thus, temperature has potentially important implications for host plant resistance. Because temperature directly impacts arthropod pests, both positively and negatively, distinguishing direct effects from indirect effects mediated through host plants poses a challenge for researchers and practitioners. A more comprehensive understanding of how temperature affects plant resistance specifically, and arthropod pests in general, would lead to better predictions of pest populations, and more effective use of plant resistance as a management tactic. Therefore, the goals of this paper are to 1) review and update knowledge about temperature effects on plant resistance, 2) evaluate alternative experimental approaches for separating direct from plant-mediated indirect effects of temperature on pests, including benefits and limitations of each approach, and 3) offer recommendations for future research.

Prolonged storage of spermatozoa in the genital tract of female Mexican big-eared bats (Corynorhinus mexicanus): the role of lipid peroxidation

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel León-Galvan ◽  
Teresa Fonseca ◽  
Ricardo López-Wilchis ◽  
Adolfo Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Significant Concentration

The results of this work support the existence of sperm storage in Corynorhinus mexicanus, a vespertilionid bat endemic to Mexico, and evidence is presented that modulation of peroxidative toxicity plays a role in the mechanism of prolonged sperm storage in Chiroptera. Spermatozoa were obtained from C. mexicanus by retrograde perfusion of the cauda epididymis, and from genital washings from previously inseminated females captured during reproductive activity. Ejaculated pig spermatozoa were simultaneously studied as controls. Lipid peroxidation was determined in both the presence and absence of genital secretions obtained from previously inseminated female C. mexicanus by measuring malondialdehyde generated during aerobic incubation of spermatozoa suspensions. The number of spermatozoa recovered from the cauda epididymis decreased steadily from November through January. Corpora lutea were observed in January. None of the female bats captured between October and January were pregnant, but some females captured in mid-February were already pregnant. Spermatozoa of C. mexicanus showed substantial lipid peroxidation activity (0.64 ± 0.11 nmol malondialdehyde was produced by 108 spermatozoa per 22 h), about half of that observed in ejaculated pig spermatozoa. Incubation of pig and C. mexicanus spermatozoa in the presence of bat female genital tract washings induced highly significant concentration-dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Induced lipid peroxidation in ram sperm: semen profile, DNA fragmentation and antioxidant status

Reproduction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Rose dos Santos Hamilton ◽  
Letícia Signori de Castro ◽  
Juliana de Carvalho Delgado ◽  
Patrícia Monken de Assis ◽  
Adriano Felipe Perez Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ram Sperm

Action of reactive oxygen species, protamination failures and apoptosis are considered the most important etiologies of sperm DNA fragmentation. This study evaluated the effects of induced lipid peroxidation susceptibility on native semen profile and identified the mechanisms involved in sperm DNA fragmentation and testicular antioxidant defense on Santa Ines ram sperm samples. Semen was collected from 12 adult rams (Ovis aries) performed weekly over a 9-week period. Sperm analysis (motility, mass motility, abnormalities, membrane and acrosome status, mitochondrial potential, DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation and intracellular free radicals production); protamine deficiency; PRM1, TNP1 and TNP2 gene expression; and determination of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase activity and immunodetection in seminal plasma were performed. Samples were distributed into four groups according to the sperm susceptibility to lipid peroxidation after induction with ascorbate and ferrous sulfate (low, medium, high and very high). The results were analyzed by GLM test and post hoc least significant difference. We observed an increase in native GPx activity and CAT immunodetection in groups with high susceptibility to induced lipid peroxidation. We also found an increase in total sperm defects, acrosome and membrane damages in the group with the highest susceptibility to induced lipid peroxidation. Additionally, the low mitochondrial membrane potential, susceptible to chromatin fragmentation and the PRM1 mRNA were increased in the group showing higher susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. Ram sperm susceptibility to lipid peroxidation may compromise sperm quality and interfere with the oxidative homeostasis by oxidative stress, which may be the main cause of chromatin damage in ram sperm.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN BRAZILIAN PEPPER (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) SEEDS DURING STORAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Pinto Ribeiro ◽  
Argemiro Teixeira Leite Filho ◽  
Luana Bertollini de Jesus Silva ◽  
Valeria Fátima Silva ◽  
Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e Borges
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Schinus Terebinthifolius ◽  
Brazilian Pepper ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

ABSTRACT Seed propagation is the standard method of propagation of Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi); therefore, the study of appropriate conditions of seed storage is of great importance. The aim of this study was to quantify the physiological and biochemical changes that occur in Brazilian pepper seeds under different storage conditions. Seeds were stored at 34, 55, 75, and 93% relative humidity (RH) at 20°C. Samples were collected before storage and every two months for the analysis of moisture content, germination percentage, germination rate, lipid peroxidation, membrane permeability, and activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system. Brazilian pepper seeds remained viable for 12 months when kept at 34 or 55% RH. At 75% RH, seeds lost viability in six months, whereas at 93% RH, seeds deteriorated within two months. Electrical conductivity and lipid peroxidation decreased after eight months of storage under all RH conditions. No relation was observed between loss of physiological quality and lipid peroxidation or membrane permeability. The activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase did not vary during storage, regardless of RH.

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