Seasonal variation in the reproductive hormones of male goats

1992 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Grasselli ◽  
Rosella Gaiani ◽  
Carlo Tamanini
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Estrone Sulfate ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Plasma Prl

The aim of this work was to study the circannual plasma profiles of LH, PRL, testosterone (T) and estrone sulfate (EIS) in different periods of the year and to characterize the possible variations in LH and PRL release patterns. We also tried to verify a possible relationship between plasma PRL fluctuations and ambient temperature, as well as the influence of an acute stress condition on levels of plasma PRL. Six adult male goats of the Ionica and Alpine breed reared in Southern Italy (40°N lat.) were subjected to frequent samplings (every 1 5 min for 6 h) once a month for a whole year. The blood samples were assayed for plasma concentrations of EIS, LH and PRL by radioimmunoassay, and for T by enzyme-immunoassay. The ambient temperature was recorded on each day of bleeding. Sex steroids and PRL showed marked circannual variations, with the highest levels during the summer (July) and the lowest during the winter-early spring (March). The concentrations of plasma LH did not indicate significant seasonal variations. A positive relationship was observed between plasma levels of PRL and EIS and ambient temperature. The patterns of LH release seemed to change depending on season, but this was not an obvious and common feature in all bucks. The hormone concentrations for plasma PRL profiles seemed to be influenced by an acute stress condition (associated with cannula insertion and handling procedures), with the variations more marked when the plasma levels of PRL were low.

RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR PORCINE PROLACTIN: PLASMA LEVELS DURING LACTATION, SUCKLING AND WEANING AND AFTER TRH ADMINISTRATION

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. J. van Landeghem ◽  
D. F. M. van de Wiel
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Detectable Amount ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Ovine Prolactin ◽  
Plasma Prl

ABSTRACT A sensitive heterologous radioimmunoassay for porcine prolactin (pPRL) has been developed. Anti-ovine prolactin antibody was raised in rabbits which allowed a final dilution of 1:500 000. The separation of free and antibody bound [125I]pPRL is based on the double antibody solid phase system. The assay is specific for pPRL. There is no cross-reaction with pLH, pFSH and pTSH; little cross-reaction (1.35 %) was found with pGH. The smallest detectable amount was 0.08 ng per tube. During lactation high plasma levels are found with great fluctuations. After weaning the plasma PRL levels fall to basal levels within a few hours. After thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) administration plasma concentrations increase within a few minutes.

Intrinsic secretory characteristics of luteinizing hormone and prolactin episodic release during pubertal development

1994 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro D Genazzani ◽  
Felice Petraglia ◽  
Mario Gastaldi ◽  
Fausta Massolo ◽  
Monica Cellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Plasma Prl

Genazzani AD, Petraglia F, Gastaldi M, Massolo F, Cellini M, Iori G, Surico N, Genazzani AR. Intrinsic secretory characteristics of luteinizing hormone and prolactin episodic release during pubertal development. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:80–5. ISSN 0804–4643 The intrinsic characteristics of LH and prolactin (PRL) episodic secretion were evaluated in a group of 18 children (8M and 10F). The children were divided into two groups according to the Tanner stage: Group A (Tanner ≤ 1, N = 7, 3M and 4F, 6–10 years of age) and group B (Tanner 2–3, N = 11, 5M and 6F, 9–11 years of age). A pulsatility study of 4 h, sampling every 10 min, was carried out in all children. LH and PRL plasma levels were assayed by IFMA and RIA respectively. LH and PRL secretory episodes were then identified on plasma determinations using the program detect. Instantaneous secretory rates (ISR) were then computed for both LH and PRL using the specific algorithm within the detect program. Plasma LH levels were different between the two groups of children. Group A children showed undetectable LH plasma levels (below the minimal detectable dose of 0.1 mIU/ml), while group B demonstrated LH plasma levels in the normal range of values for age and sexual development (1.5±0.3 mIU/ml, mean ± sem), LH pulse frequency for group B was 3.2 ±0.4 peaks/4 h. No significant differences in mean plasma PRL levels, pulse frequency and pulse amplitude were observed between the two groups of children. Computation of ISR for LH (group B only) and PRL (both groups) identified the intrinsic episodic characteristics of the two hormones. No significant differences in LH and PRL pulse frequencies were observed when comparing the results estimated on ISR with those estimated on plasma concentrations. No significant changes in PRL pulse amplitude were observed between the two groups. Conversely, a shorter duration of LH and PRL secretory episodes was found. In conclusion, in children PRL secretory bursts from lactotropes lasted the same number of minutes independently of the Tanner stages. Moreover, the LH secretory events were clearly detectable during the daytime only when puberty had already started. The duration of PRL and LH secretory events was similar to adult fertile subjects. These data indicate that the gonadal maturation does not modify LH and PRL secretory events from the pituitary. Alessandro D Genazzani, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy

scholarly journals Responses induced by arginine-vasopressin injection in the plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, growth hormone and metabolites around weaning time in goats

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Katoh ◽  
M Yoshida ◽  
Y Kobayashi ◽  
M Onodera ◽  
K Kogusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Biological Significance

In order to assess the biological significance of weaning and water deprivation on the control of plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, growth hormone (GH) and metabolites in response to stimulation with arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), we carried out three experiments in which male goats before and after weaning were intravenously injected with AVP or CRH alone, or in combination with each other. In experiment 1, 17-week-old (post-weaning) goats were intravenously injected with AVP or CRH alone at the doses of 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 nmol/kg body weight (BW). The AVP injection significantly and dose dependently increased plasma levels of ACTH, cortisol, GH and metabolites, whereas the injection with CRH did not cause significant increases in the levels of these parameters. In experiment 2, 4-week-old (pre-weaning) and 13-week-old (post-weaning) goats were injected with either AVP or CRH alone, followed by a combined injection of both secretagogues at a dose of 0.3 nmol/kg BW. Although the basal levels of the hormones and metabolites, with the exception of glucose, were greater in the 4-week-old goats, the hormone responses induced by stimulation with AVP were weaker than those induced in 13-week-old goats. Additionally, there were no responses in any hormone patterns to CRH stimulation in 4-week-old goats. In experiment 3, 13-week-old goats were injected with CRH alone followed by injection with AVP for two consecutive days of water deprivation. The animals were subjected to withdrawal of up to 20% of the total blood volume and water deprivation for up to 28 h. However, no significant differences in plasma ACTH, cortisol or GH levels were observed between days 1 and 2. Based on these results, we concluded that: (1) AVP is a more potent stimulant than CRH in terms of its ability to induce increases in plasma levels of ACTH, cortisol and GH; (2) the role of AVP as a secretagogue of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal hormones is strengthened, whereas the ineffective role of CRH remains unaltered, by weaning; (3) acute stress such as massive withdrawal of blood volume and subjection to water deprivation may not be sufficient burdens to alter stress-related hormone levels in young goats.

Effect of Temperature on Reproductive Hormones and Egg Quality in the Native Thai Chicken

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natagarn Sartsoongnoen ◽  
Boonyarit Kamkrathok ◽  
Yupaporn Chaiseha
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Eggshell Thickness ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Natural Temperature ◽  
Plasma Prl

Environmental influence on the avian reproductive system is well recognised. This study investigates the effects of ambient temperature on egg quality in the native Thai Chicken (Gallus domesticus). Effects on prolactin (PRL) and ovarian steroids in chickens housed under different temperatures were also elucidated. Sixty female chickens were divided into four groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were reared under controlled temperatures of 35±2 °C, 31±2 °C, and 27±2 °C, respectively. Group 4 was reared under an uncontrolled natural temperature (approximately 27 °C). Blood samples were collected from each chicken once a week for 11 weeks, and plasma PRL, oestradiol (E), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T) levels were determined utilising enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results revealed that E levels were significantly higher in chickens reared under low ambient temperature (27 °C) when compared with those exposed to 31 °C and 35 °C. No significant differences in PRL, P, and T levels were observed. Egg quality was affected by high ambient temperature. Eggshell thickness of chickens housed at 35 °C was thinner than those of other groups. These results indicate that changes in ambient temperature affect circulating levels of E but not PRL, P, and T. Thermally-stressed environments with high temperatures therefore impact egg quality in the native Thai chicken by reducing eggshell thickness.

Parallel Reduction of Plasma Levels of High and Low Molecular Weight Kininogen in Patients with Cirrhosis

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1428-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Scott ◽  
Francesco Salerno ◽  
Elettra Lorenzano ◽  
Werner Müller-Esterl ◽  
Angelo Agostoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Major Band ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Normal Controls

SummaryLittle is known about the regulation of high-molecular-weight-kininogen (HK) and low-molecular-weight-kininogen (LK) or the relationship of each to the degree of liver function impairment in patients with cirrhosis. In this study, we evaluated HK and LK quantitatively by a recently described particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA) and qualitatively by SDS PAGE and immunoblotting analyses in plasma from 33 patients with cirrhosis presenting various degrees of impairment of liver function. Thirty-three healthy subjects served as normal controls. Patients with cirrhosis had significantly lower plasma levels of HK (median 49 μg/ml [range 22-99 μg/ml]) and LK (58 μg/ml [15-100 μg/ml]) than normal subjects (HK 83 μg/ml [65-115 μg/ml]; LK 80 μg/ml [45-120 μg/ml]) (p < 0.0001). The plasma concentrations of HK and LK were directly related to plasma levels of cholinesterase (P < 0.0001) and albumin (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001) and inversely to the Child-Pugh score (P < 0.0001) and to prothrombin time ratio (P < 0.0001) (reflecting the clinical and laboratory abnormalities in liver disease). Similar to normal individuals, in patients with cirrhosis, plasma HK and LK levels paralleled one another, suggesting that a coordinate regulation of those proteins persists in liver disease. SDS PAGE and immunoblotting analyses of kininogens in cirrhotic plasma showed a pattern similar to that observed in normal controls for LK (a single band at 66 kDa) with some lower molecular weight forms noted in cirrhotic plasma. A slight increase of cleavage of HK (a major band at 130 kDa and a faint but increased band at 107 kDa) was evident. The increased cleavage of HK was confirmed by the lower cleaved kininogen index (CKI), as compared to normal controls. These data suggest a defect in hepatic synthesis as well as increased destructive cleavage of both kininogens in plasma from patients with cirrhosis. The decrease of important regulatory proteins like kininogens may contribute to the imbalance in coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, which frequently occurs in cirrhotic patients.

Plasma Thrombospondin as an Indicator of Intravascular Platelet Activation in Patients with Vasculitis

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 850-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B McCrohan ◽  
S W Huang ◽  
J W Sleasman ◽  
P A Klein ◽  
K J Kao
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Activation Marker ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe use of plasma thrombospondin (TSP) concentration was investigated as an indicator of intravascular platelet activation. Patients (n = 20) with diseases that have known vasculitis were included in the study. The range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of patients with vasculitis were 117 ng/ml to 6500 ng/ml and 791±1412 ng/ml (mean ± SD); the range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of control individuals (n = 33) were 13 ng/ml to 137 ng/ml and 59±29 ng/ml. When plasma TSP concentrations were correlated with plasma concentrations of another platelet activation marker, β-thromboglobulin (P-TG), it was found that the TSP concentration inei eased exponentially as the plasma β-TG level rose. A positive correlation between plasma levels of plasma TSP and serum fibrin degradation products was also observed. The results suggest that platelets are the primary source of plasma TSP in patients with various vasculitis and that plasma TSP can be a better indicator than β-TG to assess intravascular platelet activation due to its longer circulation half life.

Elevated Circulating P-Selectin in Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 328-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Jilma ◽  
Peter Fasching ◽  
Christine Ruthner ◽  
Anna Rumplmayr ◽  
Sabine Ruzicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Median Plasma ◽  
Insulin Dependent

SummaryBased on findings that showed increased P-selectin expression on platelets and on choroidal microvessels of patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we hypothesized that also plasma concentrations of circulating (c)P-selectin would be increased in these patients.The aim of this study was to compare the plasma levels of cP-selec-tin between non-smoking patients with IDDM, treated with an intensified insulin therapy, and healthy controls. The study design was prospective, cross-sectional and analyst-blinded. Subjects were matched individually for sex, age and body mass index. Plasma levels of cP-selectin and of von Willebrand antigen (vWF-Ag) were determined by enzyme linked immunoassays.Forty-two pairs were available for intergroup comparison. Median plasma concentrations of cP-selectin in patients with IDDM (285 ng/ml; interquartile range: 233-372) were on average 21% higher than those of controls (236 ng/ml; interquartile range: 175-296; p = 0.004). Also, median plasma levels of vWF-Ag were 10% higher in patients (96 U/dl; interquartile range: 82-127) than controls (87 U/dl; interquartile range: 70-104; p = 0.025). There was no correlation between plasma concentrations of cP-selectin and vWF-Ag levels in either group (p ώ0.05).In conclusion, our results of increased cP-selectin levels are in line with increased P-selectin expression on platelets and on choroidal microvessels found in patients with IDDM. In view of the currently developed small molecule inhibitors of cell adhesion molecules, these independent observations together may provide a sound rationale to select P-selectin as a target for treating or preventing IDDM-associated micro- or macrovascular complications.

scholarly journals Ileal transposition helps to regulate plasma hepatokine levels in obese Zucker (Crl:ZUC(ORL)-Leprfa) rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Stygar ◽  
Tomasz Sawczyn ◽  
Agnieszka Dulska ◽  
Elżbieta Chełmecka ◽  
Łukasz Mielańczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Ileal Transposition ◽  
Sham Surgery

AbstractWe studied the long-term effect of ileal transposition (IT) metabolic surgery on the hepatokines: retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), α-2-HS-glycoprotein (aHSG/fetuin-A), and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma levels, glucose metabolism, body weight, liver histology, as well as total lipids concentration in muscle, liver, and fat tissue of obese Zucker (Crl:ZUC(ORL)-Leprfa) rats. 14 adult males were randomly submitted either to IT or SHAM (control) surgery. Pre-operative hepatokines plasma levels were not significantly different in rats submitted to IT or SHAM protocol. Three months after the procedures the plasma levels of RBP4, aHSG, FGF21, and CRP were significantly lower in IT-operated animals when compared to SHAM-operated group. Three and 12 weeks after the IT and SHAM surgery, the AUCOGTT were significantly lower than AUCOGTT before the surgery. HOMA-IR was lower in rats after IT surgery in comparison to the SHAM-operated rats. Muscle and liver total lipids concentration was reduced after the IT procedure when compared to pre-IT conditions. IT had a significant reductive impact on the body weight in comparison to SHAM surgery in the 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th week after the surgery. We conclude that IT reduces hepatokines’ plasma concentrations, muscle and liver total lipids concentration but not the inflammatory processes in the liver of Zucker (Crl:ZUC(ORL)-Leprfa) rats.

Endocannabinoid reactivity to acute stress: Investigation of the relationship between salivary and plasma levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 108022
Author(s):  
Luke Ney ◽  
Caleb Stone ◽  
David Nichols ◽  
Kim Felmingham ◽  
Raimondo Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
The Relationship

PD-L1 Gene Polymorphism and High Level of Plasma Soluble Pd-L1 Protein may be aSsociated with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sensen Cheng ◽  
Jinsong Zheng ◽  
Jingyan Zhu ◽  
Chao Xie ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
High Level ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
L1 Protein

Background PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 belong to the co-inhibition molecules, which can downregulate immune responses. The PD-L1 polymorphism and the level of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) were investigated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 288 NSCLC patients and 300 controls were enrolled. An A/C polymorphism at position 8923 in the PD-L1 gene was genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results The prevalence of the 8923C allele was significantly higher in NSCLC patients than controls (10.2% versus 5.3%, p = 0.002, odds ratio 2.03, 95% confidence interval 1.30-3.17; data were adjusted for age and sex). NSCLC patients also showed increased plasma levels of sPD-L1 compared to controls (1.92 ng/mL versus 0.91 ng/mL, p<0.001). Furthermore, lung adenocarcinoma patients had higher sPD-L1 levels than patients with squamous cell carcinoma (p<0.01). However, no association was observed between the different genetic variants and plasma concentrations of sPD-L1. Conclusions The PD-L1 8923A/C polymorphism could be associated with increased susceptibility to NSCLC. Plasma levels of sPD-L1 are significantly increased in NSCLC patients, especially those with adenocarcinoma.

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