RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR PORCINE PROLACTIN: PLASMA LEVELS DURING LACTATION, SUCKLING AND WEANING AND AFTER TRH ADMINISTRATION

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. J. van Landeghem ◽  
D. F. M. van de Wiel
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Detectable Amount ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Ovine Prolactin ◽  
Plasma Prl

ABSTRACT A sensitive heterologous radioimmunoassay for porcine prolactin (pPRL) has been developed. Anti-ovine prolactin antibody was raised in rabbits which allowed a final dilution of 1:500 000. The separation of free and antibody bound [125I]pPRL is based on the double antibody solid phase system. The assay is specific for pPRL. There is no cross-reaction with pLH, pFSH and pTSH; little cross-reaction (1.35 %) was found with pGH. The smallest detectable amount was 0.08 ng per tube. During lactation high plasma levels are found with great fluctuations. After weaning the plasma PRL levels fall to basal levels within a few hours. After thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) administration plasma concentrations increase within a few minutes.

Seasonal variation in the reproductive hormones of male goats

1992 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Grasselli ◽  
Rosella Gaiani ◽  
Carlo Tamanini
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Estrone Sulfate ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Plasma Prl

The aim of this work was to study the circannual plasma profiles of LH, PRL, testosterone (T) and estrone sulfate (EIS) in different periods of the year and to characterize the possible variations in LH and PRL release patterns. We also tried to verify a possible relationship between plasma PRL fluctuations and ambient temperature, as well as the influence of an acute stress condition on levels of plasma PRL. Six adult male goats of the Ionica and Alpine breed reared in Southern Italy (40°N lat.) were subjected to frequent samplings (every 1 5 min for 6 h) once a month for a whole year. The blood samples were assayed for plasma concentrations of EIS, LH and PRL by radioimmunoassay, and for T by enzyme-immunoassay. The ambient temperature was recorded on each day of bleeding. Sex steroids and PRL showed marked circannual variations, with the highest levels during the summer (July) and the lowest during the winter-early spring (March). The concentrations of plasma LH did not indicate significant seasonal variations. A positive relationship was observed between plasma levels of PRL and EIS and ambient temperature. The patterns of LH release seemed to change depending on season, but this was not an obvious and common feature in all bucks. The hormone concentrations for plasma PRL profiles seemed to be influenced by an acute stress condition (associated with cannula insertion and handling procedures), with the variations more marked when the plasma levels of PRL were low.

Intrinsic secretory characteristics of luteinizing hormone and prolactin episodic release during pubertal development

1994 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro D Genazzani ◽  
Felice Petraglia ◽  
Mario Gastaldi ◽  
Fausta Massolo ◽  
Monica Cellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Plasma Prl

Genazzani AD, Petraglia F, Gastaldi M, Massolo F, Cellini M, Iori G, Surico N, Genazzani AR. Intrinsic secretory characteristics of luteinizing hormone and prolactin episodic release during pubertal development. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:80–5. ISSN 0804–4643 The intrinsic characteristics of LH and prolactin (PRL) episodic secretion were evaluated in a group of 18 children (8M and 10F). The children were divided into two groups according to the Tanner stage: Group A (Tanner ≤ 1, N = 7, 3M and 4F, 6–10 years of age) and group B (Tanner 2–3, N = 11, 5M and 6F, 9–11 years of age). A pulsatility study of 4 h, sampling every 10 min, was carried out in all children. LH and PRL plasma levels were assayed by IFMA and RIA respectively. LH and PRL secretory episodes were then identified on plasma determinations using the program detect. Instantaneous secretory rates (ISR) were then computed for both LH and PRL using the specific algorithm within the detect program. Plasma LH levels were different between the two groups of children. Group A children showed undetectable LH plasma levels (below the minimal detectable dose of 0.1 mIU/ml), while group B demonstrated LH plasma levels in the normal range of values for age and sexual development (1.5±0.3 mIU/ml, mean ± sem), LH pulse frequency for group B was 3.2 ±0.4 peaks/4 h. No significant differences in mean plasma PRL levels, pulse frequency and pulse amplitude were observed between the two groups of children. Computation of ISR for LH (group B only) and PRL (both groups) identified the intrinsic episodic characteristics of the two hormones. No significant differences in LH and PRL pulse frequencies were observed when comparing the results estimated on ISR with those estimated on plasma concentrations. No significant changes in PRL pulse amplitude were observed between the two groups. Conversely, a shorter duration of LH and PRL secretory episodes was found. In conclusion, in children PRL secretory bursts from lactotropes lasted the same number of minutes independently of the Tanner stages. Moreover, the LH secretory events were clearly detectable during the daytime only when puberty had already started. The duration of PRL and LH secretory events was similar to adult fertile subjects. These data indicate that the gonadal maturation does not modify LH and PRL secretory events from the pituitary. Alessandro D Genazzani, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy

Is 3α-androstanediol a marker of peripheral hirsutism?

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Toscano ◽  
Francesco Sciarra ◽  
Maria Vittoria Adamo ◽  
Elisa Petrangeli ◽  
Sonia Foli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Peripheral Origin

Abstract. The behaviour of 5α-reduced metabolites of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone1, 3α-androstanediol and 3β-androstanediol, was studied in 36 hirsute women: Group I: 24 patients with high plasma levels of testosterone, androstenedione and/or dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and Group II: 12 patients with normal plasma concentrations of these steroids. Testosterone and its 5α-reduced metabolites were determined by radioimmunoassay after chromatographic separation on celite 535 microcolumns. Plasma 3α-androstanediol was found to be elevated both in Group I (26.9 ± 10.8 sd ng/100 ml) and in Group II patients (23.2 ± 10.5 sd ng/100 ml). 3β-Androstanediol and dihydrotestosterone, on the contrary, were elevated in only a few cases: in 6 cases in Group I and in 2 and in 1 case, respectively, in Group II. The finding of high plasma 3α-androstanediol levels in hirsute women, with normal values of the other androgens, may be an index of hirsutism of peripheral origin, since this steroid is produced almost exclusively in the extraglandular compartment.

Plasma levels of several androgens and estrogens from birth to puberty in male domestic pigs

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Schwarzenberger ◽  
Geoffrey S Toole ◽  
Heather L Christie ◽  
James I Raeside
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Conjugated Compounds ◽  
Estrone Sulphate ◽  
Conjugated Steroids

Plasma concentrations for several androgens and estrogens were determined in male domestic pigs from birth to eight months of age. Samples (N = 6) of blood were collected from Yorkshire males at weekly intervals from birth to four weeks, and thereafter at monthly intervals to eight months. Radioimmunoassays were done without extraction from plasma for dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione and estrone sulphate. Other steroids were measured after solid-phase extraction, separate elution of unconjugated and conjugated fractions, and solvolysis of sulpho-conjugated steroids (testosterone, 5α-androstane-3β, 1 7β-diol, epiandrosterone, 19-nortestosterone and estradiol-177β). All steroids showed a peak in plasma levels at 2–4 weeks after birth. Concentrations remained low from 2–5 months and rose markedly thereafter. Most steroids were present in much greater quantities as sulpho-conjugated compounds. Concentrations of testosterone sulphate and testosterone were similar (9.4 μmol/l) at three weeks but the sulphated form predominated after six months of age. This study shows that during postnatal development the testes of the domestic pig are remarkably active in steroidogenesis with a peak at 2–4 weeks after birth. Also, the range of steroid products seen at this stage is comparable to that shown by the mature boar.

CONCENTRATION OF PROGESTERONE IN SYSTEMIC PLASMA OF GOATS: EFFECTS OF VARIOUS ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION

1973 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
D. S. DHINDSA ◽  
J. A. RESKO ◽  
J. METCALFE
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
High Doses

SUMMARY The effect of various routes of administration on the plasma concentrations of progesterone was studied in Pygmy goats. Oral administration, even in extremely high doses, gave low plasma concentrations which returned to normal within 24 h. Progesterone given by subcutaneous or intra-abdominal implantation in silicone rubber (Silastic) envelopes caused a marked rise in the plasma concentration of progesterone, values reaching 10–30 ng/ml at 10–20 days but then declining. A fall in plasma concentration despite continued administration was also observed with daily intramuscular injections of large doses of progesterone. This observation suggests that some physiological mechanism prevents sustained high plasma levels of this hormone.

Elevation of circulating plasma cytokines in cancer patients with high plasma parathyroid hormone-related protein levels.

2003 ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Takahashi ◽  
M Hakuta ◽  
K Aiba ◽  
Y Ito ◽  
N Horikoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein/peptide (PTHrP) bind to the same PTH/PTHrP receptor and stimulate osteoblasts to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-6. In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, elevation of plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-6 was also described. We, therefore, postulated that PTHrP secreted from cancer cells stimulates the secretion of cytokines and causes increases in their blood levels. Blood concentrations of several cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-11 and IL-12) in cancer-bearing patients with or without elevation of blood PTHrP were measured by ELISA. The patients with high plasma PTHrP levels (n=29, intact PTHrP: 8.5 +/- 1.4 pmol/l, normal: <1.1) had higher serum type 1 collagen C-telopeptide (ICTP). Twenty of the patients were hypercalcemic. Plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased in patients with high PTHrP, in either the presence or absence of hypercalcemia. The concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were also significantly correlated with those of PTHrP. Our observations indicate that high plasma levels of PTHrP in cancer-bearing patients contribute not only to the development of hypercalcemia, but also to the development of the syndrome caused by an excess of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Parallel Reduction of Plasma Levels of High and Low Molecular Weight Kininogen in Patients with Cirrhosis

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1428-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Scott ◽  
Francesco Salerno ◽  
Elettra Lorenzano ◽  
Werner Müller-Esterl ◽  
Angelo Agostoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Major Band ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Normal Controls

SummaryLittle is known about the regulation of high-molecular-weight-kininogen (HK) and low-molecular-weight-kininogen (LK) or the relationship of each to the degree of liver function impairment in patients with cirrhosis. In this study, we evaluated HK and LK quantitatively by a recently described particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA) and qualitatively by SDS PAGE and immunoblotting analyses in plasma from 33 patients with cirrhosis presenting various degrees of impairment of liver function. Thirty-three healthy subjects served as normal controls. Patients with cirrhosis had significantly lower plasma levels of HK (median 49 μg/ml [range 22-99 μg/ml]) and LK (58 μg/ml [15-100 μg/ml]) than normal subjects (HK 83 μg/ml [65-115 μg/ml]; LK 80 μg/ml [45-120 μg/ml]) (p < 0.0001). The plasma concentrations of HK and LK were directly related to plasma levels of cholinesterase (P < 0.0001) and albumin (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001) and inversely to the Child-Pugh score (P < 0.0001) and to prothrombin time ratio (P < 0.0001) (reflecting the clinical and laboratory abnormalities in liver disease). Similar to normal individuals, in patients with cirrhosis, plasma HK and LK levels paralleled one another, suggesting that a coordinate regulation of those proteins persists in liver disease. SDS PAGE and immunoblotting analyses of kininogens in cirrhotic plasma showed a pattern similar to that observed in normal controls for LK (a single band at 66 kDa) with some lower molecular weight forms noted in cirrhotic plasma. A slight increase of cleavage of HK (a major band at 130 kDa and a faint but increased band at 107 kDa) was evident. The increased cleavage of HK was confirmed by the lower cleaved kininogen index (CKI), as compared to normal controls. These data suggest a defect in hepatic synthesis as well as increased destructive cleavage of both kininogens in plasma from patients with cirrhosis. The decrease of important regulatory proteins like kininogens may contribute to the imbalance in coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, which frequently occurs in cirrhotic patients.

Plasma Thrombospondin as an Indicator of Intravascular Platelet Activation in Patients with Vasculitis

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 850-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B McCrohan ◽  
S W Huang ◽  
J W Sleasman ◽  
P A Klein ◽  
K J Kao
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Activation Marker ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe use of plasma thrombospondin (TSP) concentration was investigated as an indicator of intravascular platelet activation. Patients (n = 20) with diseases that have known vasculitis were included in the study. The range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of patients with vasculitis were 117 ng/ml to 6500 ng/ml and 791±1412 ng/ml (mean ± SD); the range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of control individuals (n = 33) were 13 ng/ml to 137 ng/ml and 59±29 ng/ml. When plasma TSP concentrations were correlated with plasma concentrations of another platelet activation marker, β-thromboglobulin (P-TG), it was found that the TSP concentration inei eased exponentially as the plasma β-TG level rose. A positive correlation between plasma levels of plasma TSP and serum fibrin degradation products was also observed. The results suggest that platelets are the primary source of plasma TSP in patients with various vasculitis and that plasma TSP can be a better indicator than β-TG to assess intravascular platelet activation due to its longer circulation half life.

Elevated Circulating P-Selectin in Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 328-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Jilma ◽  
Peter Fasching ◽  
Christine Ruthner ◽  
Anna Rumplmayr ◽  
Sabine Ruzicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Median Plasma ◽  
Insulin Dependent

SummaryBased on findings that showed increased P-selectin expression on platelets and on choroidal microvessels of patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we hypothesized that also plasma concentrations of circulating (c)P-selectin would be increased in these patients.The aim of this study was to compare the plasma levels of cP-selec-tin between non-smoking patients with IDDM, treated with an intensified insulin therapy, and healthy controls. The study design was prospective, cross-sectional and analyst-blinded. Subjects were matched individually for sex, age and body mass index. Plasma levels of cP-selectin and of von Willebrand antigen (vWF-Ag) were determined by enzyme linked immunoassays.Forty-two pairs were available for intergroup comparison. Median plasma concentrations of cP-selectin in patients with IDDM (285 ng/ml; interquartile range: 233-372) were on average 21% higher than those of controls (236 ng/ml; interquartile range: 175-296; p = 0.004). Also, median plasma levels of vWF-Ag were 10% higher in patients (96 U/dl; interquartile range: 82-127) than controls (87 U/dl; interquartile range: 70-104; p = 0.025). There was no correlation between plasma concentrations of cP-selectin and vWF-Ag levels in either group (p ώ0.05).In conclusion, our results of increased cP-selectin levels are in line with increased P-selectin expression on platelets and on choroidal microvessels found in patients with IDDM. In view of the currently developed small molecule inhibitors of cell adhesion molecules, these independent observations together may provide a sound rationale to select P-selectin as a target for treating or preventing IDDM-associated micro- or macrovascular complications.

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