scholarly journals Responses induced by arginine-vasopressin injection in the plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, growth hormone and metabolites around weaning time in goats

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Katoh ◽  
M Yoshida ◽  
Y Kobayashi ◽  
M Onodera ◽  
K Kogusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Biological Significance

In order to assess the biological significance of weaning and water deprivation on the control of plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, growth hormone (GH) and metabolites in response to stimulation with arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), we carried out three experiments in which male goats before and after weaning were intravenously injected with AVP or CRH alone, or in combination with each other. In experiment 1, 17-week-old (post-weaning) goats were intravenously injected with AVP or CRH alone at the doses of 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 nmol/kg body weight (BW). The AVP injection significantly and dose dependently increased plasma levels of ACTH, cortisol, GH and metabolites, whereas the injection with CRH did not cause significant increases in the levels of these parameters. In experiment 2, 4-week-old (pre-weaning) and 13-week-old (post-weaning) goats were injected with either AVP or CRH alone, followed by a combined injection of both secretagogues at a dose of 0.3 nmol/kg BW. Although the basal levels of the hormones and metabolites, with the exception of glucose, were greater in the 4-week-old goats, the hormone responses induced by stimulation with AVP were weaker than those induced in 13-week-old goats. Additionally, there were no responses in any hormone patterns to CRH stimulation in 4-week-old goats. In experiment 3, 13-week-old goats were injected with CRH alone followed by injection with AVP for two consecutive days of water deprivation. The animals were subjected to withdrawal of up to 20% of the total blood volume and water deprivation for up to 28 h. However, no significant differences in plasma ACTH, cortisol or GH levels were observed between days 1 and 2. Based on these results, we concluded that: (1) AVP is a more potent stimulant than CRH in terms of its ability to induce increases in plasma levels of ACTH, cortisol and GH; (2) the role of AVP as a secretagogue of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal hormones is strengthened, whereas the ineffective role of CRH remains unaltered, by weaning; (3) acute stress such as massive withdrawal of blood volume and subjection to water deprivation may not be sufficient burdens to alter stress-related hormone levels in young goats.

The adrenocorticotropic hormone and arginine vasopressin responses to hypercapnia in fetal and maternal sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (2) ◽  
pp. R324-R330 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Chen ◽  
C. E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Ph ◽  
Bilateral Vagotomy ◽  
Pregnant Ewe

Previous studies have demonstrated that fetal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are increased during periods of acidemia produced by infusion of acid intravenously or by acidemia secondary to hypovolemia. The purpose of this study was to quantify ACTH and AVP responses to hypercapnic acidemia and to test the role of the peripheral chemoreceptors in the control of these responses. Chronically catheterized fetal sheep were subjected to carotid sinus denervation and bilateral vagotomy or were studied intact. At least 5 days after surgery, fetuses were exposed to a 60-min period of normocapnia or hypercapnia, delivered via a polyethylene bag containing 5-8% CO2 in 21% O2 fitted over the head of the pregnant ewe. Hypercapnia significantly increased fetal arterial PCO2 to 55.2 +/- 1.8 and 55.9 +/- 2.2 mmHg and decreased arterial pH to 7.257 +/- 0.011 and 7.281 +/- 0.010 in intact and denervated fetuses, respectively. Fetal mean arterial blood pressure was decreased slightly in the denervated fetuses during hypercapnia. Fetal plasma AVP was increased in both groups equally, and plasma ACTH and cortisol were increased in the denervated fetuses only. Fetal heart rate was increased significantly in intact but not denervated fetuses. We conclude that respiratory acidemia is a mild stimulus to AVP secretion and that this response is not attenuated by peripheral chemodenervation.

EFFECTS OF PINEALECTOMY ON THE SECRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE, TESTOSTERONE AND PROLACTIN IN RAMS EXPOSED TO VARIOUS LIGHTING RÉGIMES

1979 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. BARRELL ◽  
K. R. LAPWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Plasma Concentrations

Two experiments were carried out to study the effects of controlled lighting régimes on plasma levels of LH, testosterone and prolactin in Romney rams. In the second experiment the rams were either pinealectomized or sham-operated so that the role of the pineal gland in mediating seasonal changes in reproduction could be examined. Levels of testosterone and prolactin were considerably influenced by the lighting schedule. Peak plasma concentrations of testosterone were associated with periods during which the daily photoperiod decreased, whereas plasma levels of prolactin showed a pattern of changes approximately in phase with the lighting cycles. Mean plasma concentrations of LH were low in all groups of rams, which made the detection of significant effects of any treatment very unlikely. Pinealectomy reduced the effects of changes in the daily photoperiod on the patterns of secretion of testosterone and prolactin. These findings establish the pineal gland as an organ which influences the endocrine responses of rams to photoperiodic stimuli and it is concluded that the pineal gland is probably important as a mediator of seasonal reproductive changes in these animals.

Natriuresis induced by arginine vasopressin infusion in sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (6) ◽  
pp. F799-F805 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Park ◽  
M. Congiu ◽  
D. A. Denton ◽  
M. J. McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Daily Output ◽  
Vasopressin Infusion ◽  
Water Infusion ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Response To Water

The aim of this study was to investigate whether arginine vasopressin (AVP) is natriuretic in sheep at plasma concentrations comparable to those induced by water deprivation. AVP was infused intravenously at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 microgram/h for 24-48 h in sheep allowed free access to water. Infusion of AVP at 0.1 microgram/h did not alter renal Na output, whereas infusion of AVP at both 0.2 and 0.5 microgram/h significantly increased daily output of Na in urine. Significant natriuresis did not occur until 3.5 h after the start of AVP infusion at 0.2 microgram/h. Plasma AVP levels induced by these infusions were 9.8 +/- 1.6 (0.1 microgram/h AVP), 21.9 +/- 7.7 (0.2 microgram/h AVP), and 32.5 +/- 9.0 pg/ml (0.5 microgram/h AVP) after 24 h. These concentrations are within the range found in sheep deprived of water for 3 days. Hypophysectomy abolished increases in plasma AVP concentration but not natriuresis in response to water deprivation. This suggests that increased plasma AVP concentration does not play an essential role in the mechanisms subserving dehydration-induced natriuresis.

scholarly journals Early Atherosclerosis in HIV Infected Subjects on Suppressive Antiretroviral Treatment: Role of Osteoprotegerin

ISRN AIDS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra D’Abramo ◽  
Claudia D’Agostino ◽  
Alessandra Oliva ◽  
Marco Iannetta ◽  
Gabriella D’Ettorre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Framingham Score ◽  
Hiv Negative

Cardiovascular disease is increased in HIV-infected patients. Cytokines such as osteoprotegerin are implicated in atherosclerosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of osteoprotegerin in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in HIV infected subjects on suppressive antiretroviral treatment. We enrolled 76 patients; 35 HIV infected men on suppressive Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy with Framingham score <10%; 21 HIV negative individuals matched for age, gender, and Framingham score, and 20 subjects with Framingham score >10% as control groups. HIV positive subjects underwent echocardiography, electrocardiography, and heart multidetector computed tomography, whereas in HIV negative subjects, tomography was only performed in case of any abnormalities either in echocardiography or electrocardiography. In HIV positive patients, computed tomography showed stenosis in 51.4% of the subjects. Osteoprotegerin plasma levels were higher in HIV-infected patients than those in healthy controls but lower than in HIV negative subjects with Framingham score >10%. Higher osteoprotegerin plasma levels were found in HIV positive patients with grade I stenosis than in patients with grade II/III stenosis. In conclusion, in HIV infected subjects with Framingham score <10%, osteoprotegerin plasma concentrations are associated with atherosclerosis, in particular at the early stage of the process.

scholarly journals Nutritional regulation of IGF-II, but not IGF-I, is age dependent in sheep

1999 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Oldham ◽  
JA Martyn ◽  
KM Hua ◽  
NA MacDonald ◽  
SC Hodgkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nutritional Regulation ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Igf Binding

In post-natal animals, plasma concentrations of IGF-I are tightly regulated by nutritional status. The current study reports that plasma levels of IGF-II in sheep are also regulated by nutrition, but whether plasma IGF-II is increased, decreased or remains the same, depends on the age of the animal. Ewe lambs, ranging in age from 2 days to 2 years, were fed or fasted for lengths of time between 24 and 72 h. Blood samples were taken at intervals of 24 h throughout the treatment period and immediately before slaughter. Plasma concentrations of IGF-I increased with advancing age in fed animals (P<0.001) and were reduced by fasting in all age groups (P<0.001). Plasma concentrations of IGF-II also increased as animals matured (P<0.001), but did not show an overall effect of the fasting treatment. An interaction between age and nutrition (P<0.001) resulted from a decrease in plasma IGF-II in response to fasting in neonatal animals (P<0.01) and, conversely, increased levels of plasma IGF-II in fasted mature animals (P<0.01 or P<0.001). Fasted sheep of peripubertal age showed no change in plasma levels of IGF-II. The nutritional sensitivity of serum IGF-binding proteins (BPs) also changed with age. The 29 kDa BP, which we presume to be BP1, was elevated by fasting in young animals and reduced slightly in older animals. BP2 was increased to a similar magnitude by fasting at all ages. BP3 was depressed by fasting in young animals and showed little change in adults. In contrast, a 24 kDa BP, which is probably BP4, showed little change in young animals and was reduced substantially in older sheep. In conclusion, the response of plasma IGF-II to fasting suggests that this peptide has functions in mediating nutritional stress which depend on the age of the animal, and also that the role of IGF-II may differ from that of IGF-I in adults.

scholarly journals Decreased CTRP3 Plasma Concentrations Are Associated with Sepsis and Predict Mortality in Critically Ill Patients

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eray Yagmur ◽  
Simone Otto ◽  
Ger H. Koek ◽  
Ralf Weiskirchen ◽  
Christian Trautwein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Medical Intensive Care ◽  
Wide Group ◽  
First Time ◽  
Necrosis Factor

C1q/ tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like protein 3 (CTRP3) represents a novel member of the adipokine family that exerts favorable metabolic actions in humans. However, the role of CTRP3 in critical illness and sepsis is currently unknown. Upon admission to the medical intensive care unit (ICU), we investigated CTRP3 plasma concentrations in 218 critically ill patients (145 with sepsis, 73 without sepsis). Results were compared with 66 healthy controls. CTRP3 plasma levels were significantly decreased in critically ill patients, when compared to healthy controls. In particular, low CTRP3 levels were highly associated with the presence of sepsis. CTRP3 levels were neither associated with obesity nor diabetes. In critically ill patients, CTRP3 plasma concentrations were inversely correlated with inflammatory cytokines and classical sepsis markers. Among a wide group of adipokines, CTRP3 only correlated with circulating resistin. Low CTRP3 plasma levels were associated with the overall mortality, and CTRP3 levels below 620.6 ng/mL indicated a particularly increased mortality risk in ICU patients. Our study demonstrates for the first time the role of circulating CTRP3 as a biomarker in critically ill patients that might facilitate diagnosis of sepsis as well as prognosis prediction. The association between low CTRP3 and increased inflammation warrants further pathophysiological investigations.

Seasonal variation in the reproductive hormones of male goats

1992 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Grasselli ◽  
Rosella Gaiani ◽  
Carlo Tamanini
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Estrone Sulfate ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Plasma Prl

The aim of this work was to study the circannual plasma profiles of LH, PRL, testosterone (T) and estrone sulfate (EIS) in different periods of the year and to characterize the possible variations in LH and PRL release patterns. We also tried to verify a possible relationship between plasma PRL fluctuations and ambient temperature, as well as the influence of an acute stress condition on levels of plasma PRL. Six adult male goats of the Ionica and Alpine breed reared in Southern Italy (40°N lat.) were subjected to frequent samplings (every 1 5 min for 6 h) once a month for a whole year. The blood samples were assayed for plasma concentrations of EIS, LH and PRL by radioimmunoassay, and for T by enzyme-immunoassay. The ambient temperature was recorded on each day of bleeding. Sex steroids and PRL showed marked circannual variations, with the highest levels during the summer (July) and the lowest during the winter-early spring (March). The concentrations of plasma LH did not indicate significant seasonal variations. A positive relationship was observed between plasma levels of PRL and EIS and ambient temperature. The patterns of LH release seemed to change depending on season, but this was not an obvious and common feature in all bucks. The hormone concentrations for plasma PRL profiles seemed to be influenced by an acute stress condition (associated with cannula insertion and handling procedures), with the variations more marked when the plasma levels of PRL were low.

scholarly journals Increased FGF21 plasma levels in humans with sepsis and SIRS

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Gariani ◽  
Geneviève Drifte ◽  
Irène Dunn-Siegrist ◽  
Jérôme Pugin ◽  
François R Jornayvaz
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key regulator in glucose and lipid metabolism and its plasma levels have been shown to be increased not only in humans in different situations such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease but also in animal models of sepsis and pancreatitis. FGF21 is considered as a pharmacological candidate in conditions associated with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to compare FGF21 plasma levels in patients with sepsis, in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and in healthy controls. We measured FGF21 plasma concentrations in 22 patients with established sepsis, in 11 with SIRS, and in 12 healthy volunteers. Here, we show that FGF21 levels were significantly higher in plasma obtained from patients with sepsis and SIRS in comparison with healthy controls. Also, FGF21 levels were significantly higher in patients with sepsis than in those with noninfectious SIRS. FGF21 plasma levels measured at study entry correlated positively with the APACHE II score, but not with procalcitonin levels, nor with C-reactive protein, classical markers of sepsis. Plasma concentrations of FGF21 peaked near the onset of shock and rapidly decreased with clinical improvement. Taken together, these results indicate that circulating levels of FGF21 are increased in patients presenting with sepsis and SIRS, and suggest a role for FGF21 in inflammation. Further studies are needed to explore the potential role of FGF21 in sepsis as a potential therapeutic target.

scholarly journals The Effect of Neonatal Maternal Stress on Plasma Levels of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Corticosterone, Leptin, and Ghrelin in Adult Male Rats Exposed to Acute Heterotypic Stressor

2016 ◽  
pp. S557-S566 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. HOLUBOVÁ ◽  
A. ŠTOFKOVÁ ◽  
J. JURČOVIČOVÁ ◽  
R. ŠLAMBEROVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Male Progeny ◽  
Swimming Stress ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is important for maintenance of homeostasis during stress. Recent studies have shown a connection between the HPA axis and adipose tissue. The present study investigated the effect of acute heterotypic stress on plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT), leptin, and ghrelin in adult male rats with respect to neonatal maternal social and physical stressors. Thirty rat mothers and sixty of their male progeny were used. Pups were divided into three groups: unstressed control (C), stressed by maternal social stressor (S), stressed by maternal social and physical stressors (SW). Levels of hormones were measured in adult male progeny following an acute swimming stress (10 min) or no stress. ELISA immunoassay was used to measured hormones. The ACTH and CORT levels were significantly increased in all groups of adult progeny after acute stress; however, CORT levels were significantly lower in both neonatally stressed groups compared to controls. After acute stress, plasma leptin levels were decreased in the C and SW groups but increased in the S group. The data suggest that long-term neonatal stressors lead to lower sensitivity of ACTH receptors in the adrenal cortex, which could be a sign of stress adaptation in adulthood. Acute stress in adult male rats changes plasma levels of leptin differently relative to social or physical neonatal stressors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document