Prolactin in hirsute women: possible roles for androgens in suppressing basal levels, and for oestrogens in enhancing TRH-induced responses

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Joseph McKenna ◽  
Sean Cunningham ◽  
Marie Culliton ◽  
Leslie Daly ◽  
Aideen Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Adrenal Androgen ◽  
Abnormal Response ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Prolactin Response ◽  
Maximum Increment ◽  
Integrated Response ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Adrenal Secretion ◽  
Menstrual Disturbances

Abstract. Hyperprolactinaemic patients occasionally demonstrate hirsutism and elevated levels of DHA-S, a weak androgen of adrenal origin. Abnormal adrenal function is frequently observed in hirsute patients. These observations prompted speculation that prolactin may modulate normal adrenal secretion and that derangements of adrenal androgen secretion may be due to abnormalities in prolactin. In this study we examined the possibility that elevated prolactin levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of hyperandrogenaemia in hirsute patients. However, basal prolactin levels in hirsute women, with or without menstrual disturbances, 201 ± 24.3 mU/l (mean ± se) and 192 ± 24.3 mU/l respectively, were significantly suppressed below levels in normal women, 289 ± 12.2 mU/l. The prolactin responses to stimulation with TRH and to suppression with l-dopa were also studied in hirsute patients. The prolactin response to TRH (maximum increment or integrated response) was exaggerated significantly in hirsute women with menstrual disturbances when compared to normal women, to hirsute women with normal menses or to normal men. This abnormal response may have been due to elevated oestrone levels present in patients with oligomenorrhoea (318 ± 49.5 pmol/l compared to 191 ± 12.1 pmol/l in normal women and 161 ± 15.5 pmol/l in hirsute women with normal menses, P < 0.05). There were no abnormalities detected in the suppression of prolactin in response to l-dopa in any of these groups. These findings do not support a role for prolactin in the pathogenesis of hyperandrogenaemia in hirsute patients. However, elevated androgen levels in women may bring about suppression of basal prolactin levels to values seen in normal men. In addition elevated oestrone levels may exaggerate the stimulatory effect of TRH on prolactin secretion. as was seen in oligomenorrhoeic hirsute women.

ANALYSIS OF A DEXAMETHASONE / CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN TEST OF ADRENO-GONADAL FUNCTION IN NORMAL MEN AS COMPARED WITH DEXAMETHASONE TEST IN NORMAL WOMEN

1971 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svend G. Johnsen ◽  
Peter Christiansen ◽  
V. Aasted Frandsen ◽  
Anders Frøland ◽  
Jan Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Adrenal Androgen ◽  
Mutual Correlation ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

ABSTRACT 42 normal men aged 20–40 years were subjected to a functional test involving chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) stimulation performed during dexamethasone suppression of the adrenals and with determinations of urinary androgen and oestrogen metabolites. For comparison, dexamethasone suppression was performed in 21 normal women aged 20–40 years. Steroids of adrenal origin were determined as the difference of values before and during dexamethasone suppression, and testicular reserve capacity as the difference before and after HCG. Furthermore, some ratios between steroids were calculated, and a total of 27 steroid parameters were obtained. Normal means and normal limits are given for all these parameters. All parameters were subjected to mutual correlation analyses. These showed, among several other findings, the following: Leydig cell reserve capacity for androgen falls significantly with age; adrenal and gonadal sex hormone productions are independent of each other in men but not in women; men have a significant adrenal androgen production which is not related to the adrenal production of dehydroepiandrosterone; testicular reserve capacity is not correlated with the spontaneous testicular steroid production; a high correlation exists between dehydroepiandrosterone and oestrogen excretion in men; the testicular reserve capacities for androgen and oestrogen are completely independent of each other. From these and other findings, sex hormone relationships and particularly the origin of oestrogens in men are discussed.

Relationship between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, and sex hormones in men and women

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald B Phillips
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Roosevelt Hospital ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Adrenal Secretion

Phillips GB. Relationship between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, and sex hormones in men and women. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:201–6. ISSN 0804–4643 Previous reports of a correlation between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and testosterone in both men and women have led to the suggestion that adrenal and gonadal secretion are related. In the present study, the correlation of DHEAS with testosterone and free testosterone (FT) in both normal men and women was tested. Androstenedione, estradiol, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin were also measured and their correlations determined. All correlations were controlled for age and body mass index. In the men in the study, DHEAS did not correlate with testosterone or FT but correlated strongly with androstenedione. In the women, DHEAS correlated strongly with testosterone, FT. and androstenedione; androstenedione in turn correlated strongly with testosterone and FT. DHEAS showed no correlations with estradiol, SHBG, or insulin in the men or women. The lack of a correlation between DHEAS and testosterone in normal men is consistent with the independent secretion of these hormones by the adrenal and testis, respectively. The finding of a strong DHEAS-testosterone correlation in normal women may be explained by parallel adrenal secretion in response to trophic stimuli, i.e., without invoking an adrenal-gonadal interaction. GB Phillips, Roosevelt Hospital, 428 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA

Hysterical traits and variability of mood in normal men

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Rabins ◽  
Phillip R. Slavney
Keyword(s):  
Men And Women ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men

SynopsisIn a study of 40 normal men it was found that self-ratings on variability of mood were positively correlated with self-ratings on hysterical traits. These results are similar to those found in normal women and lend support both to the validity of the concept of hysterical personality and to the idea that men and women experience fluctuations of mood in a similar way.

EFFECT OF CORTICOSTEROIDS ON URINARY 5β AND 5α C19 STEROIDS IN MAN

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildegard Wilson ◽  
Steven Schenker
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Periodic Fever ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Dexamethasone Therapy ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Short Time

ABSTRACT A high proportion of urinary C19 5β to 5α steroid metabolites has been found on administration of glucocorticoids in a number of instances. During long term treatment with prednisone or dexamethasone, 100 mg testosterone propionate was administered to 3 patients. The ratios of the resulting metabolites etiocholanolone (E, 5β) to androsterone (A, 5α) were 2.7, 3.3 and 2.1, compared to 1.3 and 0.9 after withdrawal of corticoids from the first 2 patients. In 3 normal men, ratios of endogenously derived E and A while receiving corticoids, compared to control ratios were 2.3 to 1.0, 2.2 to 0.6 and 1.2 to 0.9. Ratios in normal women rose from 1.1 to 2.2 and 2.4 to 4.3 on receiving dexamethasone. Not all subjects gave the expected response. In 3 of these the dosage of corticoid was either low or given for a short time. The ratio of C19O3 metabolites of administered 11β-hydroxy-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione was also changed in favour of the 5β products during corticoid treatment. In a man with periodic fever the high E/A ratios observed were probably related to dexamethasone therapy rather than to the disease.

The Circadian Rhythm of Intact Parathyroid Hormone-(1–84): Temporal Correlation with Prolactin Secretion in Normal Men

1990 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1556-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. LOGUE ◽  
W. D. FRASER ◽  
D. ST. J. O'REILLY ◽  
D. A. CAMERON ◽  
A. J. KELLY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Intact Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Normal Men

THE PULSATILE PATTERN OF GONADOTROPIN RELEASE IN NORMAL MEN, NORMAL WOMEN, AND AMENORRHEIC WOMEN

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Strickler ◽  
Rudi Borth ◽  
C. Allan Woolever
Keyword(s):  
Gonadotropin Release ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men

Differential effects of a dopaminergic drug (piribedil) on pituitary hormone release in normal men and women

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura De Marinis ◽  
Antonio Mancini ◽  
Francesco Calabrò ◽  
Michele Massari ◽  
Massimo Torlontano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptor Agonist ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Sexual Steroid ◽  
Dopaminergic Tone ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men

Abstract. Six normal women, in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle, and 6 normal men received orally 40, 60 and 100 mg doses of piribedil, a dopamine receptor agonist, or placebo. The effects of piribedil on anterior pituitary hormone release was evaluated. In normal women a dose-related decrease in Prl levels was observed, while in men the Prl decrement was not related to the dose employed. In women an increase in serum hGH occurred after administration of the lowest (40 mg) dose of piribedil. In normal men, on the contrary, a modest hGH stimulation was present after administration of all doses of the drug. No consistent changes in serum TSH, LH and FSH concentrations were observed and no side effects were reported. The results from this study indicate that piribedil can exert differential effects on hypophyseal trophic hormone release and that these effects are sex-related. It is possible that the differences observed in men and women after the administration of piribedil are due to a different endogenous dopaminergic tone, induced by the different sexual steroid environment.

scholarly journals Kisspeptin Stimulation of Prolactin Secretion Requires Kiss1 Receptor but Not in Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neurons

Endocrinology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayara S S Aquino ◽  
Ilona C Kokay ◽  
Carolina Thörn Perez ◽  
Sharon R Ladyman ◽  
Patricia C Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Prolactin Release ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Neuropeptide Ff ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Prolactin Response

Abstract Kisspeptin has been shown to stimulate prolactin secretion. We investigated whether kisspeptin acts through the Kiss1 receptor (Kiss1r) to regulate dopamine and prolactin. Initially, we evaluated prolactin response in a Kiss1r-deficient mouse line, in which Kiss1r had been knocked into GnRH neurons (Kiss1r−/−R). Intracerebroventricular kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10) increased prolactin release in wild-type but not in Kiss1r−/−R female mice. In ovariectomized, estradiol-treated rats, the Kiss1r antagonist kisspeptin-234 abolished the Kp-10–induced increase in prolactin release but failed to prevent the concomitant reduction in the activity of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons, as determined by the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine ratio in the median eminence. Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings in juvenile male rats, we found no direct effect of Kp-10 on the electrical activity of TIDA neurons. In addition, dual-label in situ hybridization in the hypothalamus of female rats showed that Kiss1r is expressed in the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (Pe) and arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) but not in tyrosine hydroxylase (Th)–expressing neurons. Kisspeptin also has affinity for the neuropeptide FF receptor 1 (Npffr1), which was expressed in the majority of Pe dopaminergic neurons but only in a low proportion of TIDA neurons in the ARC. Our findings demonstrate that Kiss1r is necessary to the effect of kisspeptin on prolactin secretion, although TIDA neurons lack Kiss1r and are electrically unresponsive to kisspeptin. Thus, kisspeptin is likely to stimulate prolactin secretion via Kiss1r in nondopaminergic neurons, whereas the colocalization of Npffr1 and Th suggests that Pe dopaminergic neurons may play a role in the kisspeptin-induced inhibition of dopamine release.

Alterations of the hypothalamic GnRH interpulse interval sequence over the normal menstrual cycle

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (5) ◽  
pp. E696-E701 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Santoro ◽  
J. P. Butler ◽  
M. Filicori ◽  
W. F. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Renewal Process ◽  
Gnrh Secretion ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Interval Sequence ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Lh Secretion

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is released in a pulsatile fashion from the anterior pituitary in response to hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Previous autocorrelation analysis of the sequence of interpulse intervals of LH secretion in normal men has supported the hypothesis that the underlying hypothalamic mechanism of GnRH secretion governing episodic LH release is a renewal process, indicating that hypothalamic "memory," if present, does not extend back further in time than the preceding secretory pulse. A similar analysis of pulsatile LH secretion was undertaken in 45 studies of normal women, obtained throughout the menstrual cycle. Analysis of these studies revealed a process consistent with renewal throughout the follicular and early luteal phases. However, this relationship appears to break down in the mid-to-late luteal phase, indicating that alternative feedback pathways provide an overriding influence on the underlying renewal process of hypothalamic GnRH secretion. Pulsatile progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum, which first emerges at this stage of the menstrual cycle, may be the agent responsible for this feedback.

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