ANALYSIS OF A DEXAMETHASONE / CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN TEST OF ADRENO-GONADAL FUNCTION IN NORMAL MEN AS COMPARED WITH DEXAMETHASONE TEST IN NORMAL WOMEN

1971 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svend G. Johnsen ◽  
Peter Christiansen ◽  
V. Aasted Frandsen ◽  
Anders Frøland ◽  
Jan Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Adrenal Androgen ◽  
Mutual Correlation ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

ABSTRACT 42 normal men aged 20–40 years were subjected to a functional test involving chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) stimulation performed during dexamethasone suppression of the adrenals and with determinations of urinary androgen and oestrogen metabolites. For comparison, dexamethasone suppression was performed in 21 normal women aged 20–40 years. Steroids of adrenal origin were determined as the difference of values before and during dexamethasone suppression, and testicular reserve capacity as the difference before and after HCG. Furthermore, some ratios between steroids were calculated, and a total of 27 steroid parameters were obtained. Normal means and normal limits are given for all these parameters. All parameters were subjected to mutual correlation analyses. These showed, among several other findings, the following: Leydig cell reserve capacity for androgen falls significantly with age; adrenal and gonadal sex hormone productions are independent of each other in men but not in women; men have a significant adrenal androgen production which is not related to the adrenal production of dehydroepiandrosterone; testicular reserve capacity is not correlated with the spontaneous testicular steroid production; a high correlation exists between dehydroepiandrosterone and oestrogen excretion in men; the testicular reserve capacities for androgen and oestrogen are completely independent of each other. From these and other findings, sex hormone relationships and particularly the origin of oestrogens in men are discussed.

ADRENAL AND GONADAL CONTRIBUTION TO ANDROGEN AND OESTROGEN EXCRETION IN KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Frøland ◽  
V. Aasted Frandsen ◽  
Svend G. Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Klinefelter’S Syndrome ◽  
Klinefelter's Syndrome ◽  
Adrenal Androgen ◽  
Comparable Group ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Androgen Synthesis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

ABSTRACT Dexamethasone suppression tests were carried out in a group of 42 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome having a 47,XXY karyotype. Urinary androgen excretion obtained during suppression was considered to represent the gonadal contribution. The difference between pre-suppression values and suppression values was interpreted as the adrenal contribution to sex steroid excretion. It was shown that not only was the gonadal androgen production much lower in Klinefelter's syndrome than in a comparable group of normal men, but the adrenal androgen synthesis was also significantly reduced. Adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone as against adrenal androsterone plus etiocholanolone was positively correlated in Klinefelter's syndrome in contrast to normal men. This is taken as an indication of a qualitatively altered synthesis of adrenal sex hormones in the patient group. The oestrogen excretion was not quantitatively altered in Klinefelter's syndrome when compared with normal men. Correlation studies showed that in Klinefelter's syndrome adrenal oestrogens and adrenal DHA were uncorrelated contrary to the findings in normal men. This points towards an abnormal adrenal oestrogen synthesis in Klinefelter's syndrome.

Comparison of Laboratory Test Results for Assessing Thyroid Function in Normal Subjects and Treated and Untreated Hyper- and Hypothyroid Patients

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman D Lee ◽  
Boris Catz ◽  
M S Margolese ◽  
Vincent J Pileggi
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Free Thyroxine Index ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Abstract Various indexes of thyroid status were measured in sera from normal men and women, normal women who were using oral contraceptives, hyper- and hypothyroid patients, and hypothyroid patients being successfully managed with various forms of replacement therapy. Total circulating thyroxine concentrations were measured by three methods as well as the thyroxine-binding capacity of the serum inter-alpha globulin, "free" thyroxine, and "free" thyroxine index. Our purpose was to compare the various measurements, and to assess their diagnostic usefulness. The most significant finding was that, of 197 hypothyroid patients, all of whom possessed total circulating thyroxine concentrations within normal limits, 28% showed subnormal "free" thyroxine concentrations.

EFFECT OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS ON PLASMA TESTOSTERONE IN MEN

1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schaison ◽  
F. Durand ◽  
I. Mowszowicz
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

ABSTRACT ACTH decreases plasma testosterone levels in men. The aim of this study was to assess the part played by the glucocorticoids in this effect, and the mechanism of their action. Plasma androstenedione, testosterone, cortisol and LH were measured in 8 normal men, before and after the following tests: ACTH stimulation (2 mg im), metyrapone administration (500 mg/every 4 h/6 times) and dexamethasone suppression (8 mg/day/3 days). In addition, androstenedione and testosterone were evaluated under human chorionic gonadotrophin (5000 IU HCG/day/3 days) before and after dexamethasone suppression (8 mg/day/6 days). In all patients, ACTH decreased plasma testosterone from 5.87 ± 1.59 (sd) ng/ml to 3.06 ± 0.8 (sd) ng/ml (P < 0.001). In contrast, after metyrapone, the mean plasma testosterone was increased to 6.98 ± 1.75 (sd) ng/ml. This increase, though not statistically significant, was observed in all patients but one. Both tests resulted in a significant increase of plasma androstenedione (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Dexamethasone suppressed both testosterone and androstenedione levels. None of the three tests had a significant effect on the LH concentration. HCG injection increased the mean plasma testosterone to 11.46 ± 2.80 ng/ml. Dexamethasone significantly depressed (P < 0.01) the testosterone response to HCG. These data are consistent with the following conclusions: 1) The decrease of plasma testosterone levels, observed in men after ACTH administration, is not observed after metyrapone induced ACTH increase. This confirms that it is related to cortisol levels rather than to ACTH itself. 2) Glucocorticoids act directly on testicular biosynthesis since they do not induce any change in LH secretion and since dexamethasone reduces testosterone response to HCG.

Total testosterone, free-androgen index, calculated free testosterone, and free testosterone by analog RIA compared in hirsute women and in otherwise-normal women with altered binding of sex-hormone-binding globulin.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1372-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Wilke ◽  
D J Utley
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Free Androgen Index ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Normal Women

Abstract We compared the clinical value of information on free testosterone as measured with the Coat-A-Count (Diagnostic Products Corp.) radioimmunoassay kit involving a ligand analog with that of total testosterone, the free-androgen index, and free testosterone calculated from concentrations of testosterone, sex-hormone-binding globulin, and albumin, in hirsute women, pregnant women, oral-contraceptive users, women with thyroid disease, and epileptic women taking phenytoin. Total testosterone, the free-androgen index, calculated free testosterone, and free testosterone by RIA were increased in 41-68% of hirsute women. Values for free testosterone increased in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy but remained within normal limits in all non-hirsute groups. Total testosterone was increased in patients having increased sex-hormone-binding globulin, whereas the free-androgen index and, to a lesser extent, calculated free testosterone were significantly decreased. Free testosterone measured by analog RIA not only has greater diagnostic efficiency than total testosterone, it also is technically simpler to determine than the free-androgen index and calculated free testosterone.

Prolactin in hirsute women: possible roles for androgens in suppressing basal levels, and for oestrogens in enhancing TRH-induced responses

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Joseph McKenna ◽  
Sean Cunningham ◽  
Marie Culliton ◽  
Leslie Daly ◽  
Aideen Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Adrenal Androgen ◽  
Abnormal Response ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Prolactin Response ◽  
Maximum Increment ◽  
Integrated Response ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Adrenal Secretion ◽  
Menstrual Disturbances

Abstract. Hyperprolactinaemic patients occasionally demonstrate hirsutism and elevated levels of DHA-S, a weak androgen of adrenal origin. Abnormal adrenal function is frequently observed in hirsute patients. These observations prompted speculation that prolactin may modulate normal adrenal secretion and that derangements of adrenal androgen secretion may be due to abnormalities in prolactin. In this study we examined the possibility that elevated prolactin levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of hyperandrogenaemia in hirsute patients. However, basal prolactin levels in hirsute women, with or without menstrual disturbances, 201 ± 24.3 mU/l (mean ± se) and 192 ± 24.3 mU/l respectively, were significantly suppressed below levels in normal women, 289 ± 12.2 mU/l. The prolactin responses to stimulation with TRH and to suppression with l-dopa were also studied in hirsute patients. The prolactin response to TRH (maximum increment or integrated response) was exaggerated significantly in hirsute women with menstrual disturbances when compared to normal women, to hirsute women with normal menses or to normal men. This abnormal response may have been due to elevated oestrone levels present in patients with oligomenorrhoea (318 ± 49.5 pmol/l compared to 191 ± 12.1 pmol/l in normal women and 161 ± 15.5 pmol/l in hirsute women with normal menses, P < 0.05). There were no abnormalities detected in the suppression of prolactin in response to l-dopa in any of these groups. These findings do not support a role for prolactin in the pathogenesis of hyperandrogenaemia in hirsute patients. However, elevated androgen levels in women may bring about suppression of basal prolactin levels to values seen in normal men. In addition elevated oestrone levels may exaggerate the stimulatory effect of TRH on prolactin secretion. as was seen in oligomenorrhoeic hirsute women.

scholarly journals Intrapulmonary Concentrations of Pyrazinamide

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1329-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Conte ◽  
Jeffrey A. Golden ◽  
Sheila Duncan ◽  
Elaine McKenna ◽  
Elisabeth Zurlinden
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Women Subjects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Adult Volunteers

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare the steady-state plasma and intrapulmonary concentrations of orally administered pyrazinamide in normal volunteers and subjects with AIDS. Pyrazinamide was administered at 1 g once daily for 5 days to 40 adult volunteers (10 men with AIDS, 10 normal men, 10 women with AIDS, and 10 normal women). Subjects with AIDS and with more than four stools per day were excluded. Blood was obtained prior to administration of the first dose, 2 h after the last dose, and at the completion of bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage, which were performed 4 h after the last dose. Standardized bronchoscopy was performed without systemic sedation. The volume of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) recovered was calculated by the urea dilution method. The total number of alveolar cells (AC) was counted in a hemocytometer, and differential cell counting was performed after cytocentrifugation. Pyrazinamide was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The presence of AIDS or gender had no significant effect on the concentrations of pyrazinamide in plasma. The concentrations of pyrazinamide in ELF and AC were lower in the subjects with AIDS than in the subjects without AIDS, but the difference was not significant. The concentrations in plasma (mean ± standard deviation) were 25.1 ± 7.6 and 21.1 ± 6.8 μg/ml at 2 and 4 h after the last dose, respectively, and were not significantly different from the concentration (17.4 ± 16.9 μg/ml) in AC. The concentration of pyrazinamide in ELF was high (431 ± 220 μg/ml) and was approximately 4 to 40 times the reported MIC for pyrazinamide-susceptible strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The high concentration of pyrazinamide in ELF may contribute in part to the effectiveness of the drug in treating pulmonary tuberculosis.

Reference values for ionized, complexed, and protein-bound plasma magnesium in men and women.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Speich ◽  
B Bousquet ◽  
G Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Cardiac Pathology ◽  
Ionized Magnesium ◽  
Human Pathology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Plasma Magnesium ◽  
Indirect Assay

Abstract Of the three magnesium fractions in plasma, free ionized magnesium (Mg2+) has the greatest biological activity. Accordingly, information concerning this form in plasma is of cardinal importance to investigations in biometry and human pathology. For this reason, we developed an indirect assay for ionized magnesium in which Mg2+ is determined as the difference between ultrafiltrable magnesium, as measured in plasma water after ultracentrifugation, and complexed magnesium, as obtained after fixation of the ionized and protein-bound magnesium on Amberlite IR-120(H) cation-exchange resin. All magnesium assays were performed by atomic absorption spectrometry. We used this methodology to compare ionized, complexed, and protein-bound plasma magnesium in 34 normal men and 12 normal women. Sex-related differences between the values for these fractions were not significant. Interesting preliminary results for cases of myocardial infarction prompt us to continue our investigations concerning these three states of plasma magnesium in cardiac pathology.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Method for Measuring the Gastrointestinal Absorption of Iron

Blood ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN D. BONNET ◽  
ALBERT B. HAGEDORN ◽  
CHARLES A. OWEN
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Gastrointestinal Absorption ◽  
Statistical Accuracy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men

Abstract A simple test is proposed for evaluating the gastrointestinal absorption of iron. It begins with an oral dose of 50 µg. of stable iron labeled with 1 µc. of Fe59, to which about 300 mg. of ascorbic acid are added. Feces are assayed for Fe59 until any single stool contains less than 1 per cent of the dose. Absorption is determined on the assumption that all unrecovered Fe59 has been absorbed. The test was designed to minimize handling of stools by assaying whole specimens, and this process has the added virtue of increasing statistical accuracy of the measurement of radioactivity. The main advantage of the procedure using a 50 µg. dose is that with it one obtains a normal value for absorption which is about one-half of the dose. This permits measurement of either increased or decreased iron absorption. With our standard test method, 19 normal women absorbed an average of 62 per cent of the dose and 22 normal men absorbed 40 per cent. In addition to this sex difference, not explained by the difference in their blood hemoglobin levels, there seemed to be a tendency toward reduced absorption with greater age. Preliminary results of this test in patients with hypochromic anemia and steatorrhea are reported. Increased absorption of iron followed the administration of ascorbic acid whether the iron was in the ferric or the ferrous form. The concept that ferrous iron is better absorbed by man requires re-evaluation.

DIE AUSSCHEIDUNG VON TESTOSTERON UND EPITESTOSTERON BEI FRAUEN AM ENDE DER SCHWANGERSCHAFT

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-585
Author(s):  
K. Schollberg ◽  
E. Seiler ◽  
J. Holtorff
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Female Foetus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of testosterone and epitestosterone by women in late pregnancy has been studied. The mean values of 22 normal women in pregnancy mens X are 12.9 ± 9.2 μg/24 h in the case of testosterone and 16.1 ± 16.2 μg/24 h in the case of epitestosterone. Both values do not differ significantly from those of non-pregnant females. The excretion values of mothers bearing a male foetus (17.3 ± 8.9 μg/24 h) are higher than those of mothers with a female foetus (6.4 ± 4.8 μg/24 h). The difference is statistically significant with P = 0.01.

Hysterical traits and variability of mood in normal men

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Rabins ◽  
Phillip R. Slavney
Keyword(s):  
Men And Women ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men

SynopsisIn a study of 40 normal men it was found that self-ratings on variability of mood were positively correlated with self-ratings on hysterical traits. These results are similar to those found in normal women and lend support both to the validity of the concept of hysterical personality and to the idea that men and women experience fluctuations of mood in a similar way.

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