INSULIN COMPONENTS RELEASED BY THE NORMAL AND SUBTOTAL DEGRANULATED PERIFUSED ISLETS OF LANGERHANS OF THE RAT

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. García Hermida ◽  
J. Gómez-Acebo
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Release ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Perifused Islets ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Perifusion System

ABSTRACT The insulin components released from normal and tolbutamide treated islets of the rat were studied in a perifusion system. The treated islets showed diminished quantities of insulin secreted as compared to the controls and an increase in the proportions of "big insulin" secreted during the second phase of this release. On the other hand, the main component of insulin released during the first phase was "little insulin". These studies confirm that the subtotally degranulated islets are less efficient than the controls in producing insulin release.

scholarly journals The effect on the blood sugar of fish of various conditions including removal of the principal islets (isletectomy)

1925 ◽  
Vol 98 (687) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Bony Fishes

In fishes the sugar of the blood and the glycogen of the liver have been found to vary considerably even in individuals of the same species, and still more so in those of different species. Practically nothing is known definitely of the causes for these variations, and this we consider an important problem to investigate, especially since light might thereby be thrown on the nature of the metabolism of carbohydrates in cold-blooded animals in which the intermediary stages proceed more slowly than in warm-blooded animals. Our interest was aroused in the behaviour of the blood sugar of fishes for other reasons as well. In certain of the bony fishes (Teleostei) the islets of Langerhans exist as definite glands which have come to be known as the “principal islets.” Being more or less separated from the pancreatic tissue itself, these can readily be excised, thus making it possible, by examination of the blood sugar, to determine whether a diabetic condition can be induced by isletectomy without removal of any of the pancreas proper. It was of interest also to see whether insulin can affect the blood sugar. Before such investigations could be undertaken it was necessary to know exactly the degree to which the blood sugar of different fishes of the same species may vary independently of such an operation. Lang and Macleod (1), in confirmation of earlier work by Diamare (2) and of Bierry and Fandard (3), found that there are usually only traces of sugar in the blood of the Elasmobranchi, such as Squalus (dog-fish), but that considerable amounts may occur in the blood of representative Teleostei, such as Cyprinus (carp). In the latter fish it was also noted that the amounts may vary from 0·058 to 0·300 per cent. Fandard and Ranc (4) have stated that the blood sugar in fishes is peculiarly susceptible to asphyxial conditions, but so far as we have been able to find they have published no details of their observations. The most important recent work is that of E. L. Scott (5), who has observed the blood sugar in Mustelis canis , the fish prior to the observations being kept in traps which were exposed to tide water and, during them, in shallow tanks. The percentage of oxygen was also frequently determined in the water of the tanks. It was found that no blood sugar, or only traces, could be detected in six out of eight individuals, which are described as having been in a subnormal condition. On the other hand, when the fish were asphyxiated by keeping them out of water for varying periods of time, the blood sugar rose rapidly, to attain, in two specimens, a maximum of about 0·240 per cent, after four minutes, followed by a gradual decline, so that a level of 0·032 was reached in one specimen after 15 minutes. The degree of variability in the results is, however, very great, and they do not seem to us to justify the conclusion that the sugar rises within a few minutes and then falls again during the asphyxial period.

scholarly journals KRASOVÉ JEVY V HORNINÁCH BĚLOHORSKÉHO SOUVRSTVÍ (TURON, ČESKÁ KŘÍDOVÁ PÁNEV) Z LOMU BŘEZINKA U LETOVIC

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Kumpan ◽  
Jan Vít
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Clastic Sediments ◽  
Karstic Features ◽  
Bohemian Cretaceous Basin

Pseudokarstic features are common in clastic sediments at many places of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. Occurrences of karstic features which are naturally linked to calcareous sediments are less usual or rather rare. Probably the most extended is the tinyscale Miskovice Karst near Kutná Hora, where macroforms occur. Karstic features of lesser extent in pseudokarstic caves were documented in the Bohemian Paradise and known are as well from the Tichá Orlice and Svitava rivers valleys. Small-sized occurrence of karstic phenomena were found during recent mapping works in the surrounding of Letovice (W Moravia) in the Březinka quarry near Březová n. S. just above the base of the early Turonian Bílá Hora Formation. The karstic features are of a speleotheme character and are represented mainly by sinter crusts, tubercular sinters, concentric spheroidal aggregates and straws. The occurrence of concentric aggregates is tied to primary breccia cavities and, on the other hand, another karstic features occur mainly in cavities of corrosive character. Based on such observation we preliminary interpret the genesis of the secondary carbonates in two distinct phases. A crystallization of the concentric aggregates was connected with primary cavities environment, which were probably restricted to exogenous influences. Sinters, straws and other karstic features were generated during a second phase, characterized by influence of normal exogenous karstic processes.

Interleukin 1 is a potent stimulator of islet insulin secretion and phosphoinositide hydrolysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. E19-E24 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Zawalich ◽  
K. C. Zawalich
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Messenger Molecules ◽  
Perifused Islets

The insulin stimulatory effect of 7 mM glucose on isolated perifused rat islets is dramatically potentiated by the monokine interleukin 1 (IL-1). At levels (10(-10) -10(-8) M) noted in vivo during sepsis, it reversibly amplifies peak second phase insulin release to the hexose. At 2.75 mM glucose, however, IL-1 has no effect on insulin secretion. IL-1 also potentiates glyceraldehyde (2 mM)- and alpha-ketoisocaproate (5 mM)-induced insulin secretion. In islets whose phosphoinositides were prelabeled with myo-[2-3H]inositol, 2.0-5.0 nM IL-1 increases the efflux of [3H]inositol from subsequently perifused islets, the parallel accumulation of labeled inositol phosphates, and insulin secretion in the simultaneous presence of 7 mM glucose but not 2.75 mM glucose. In support of these in vitro observations, the in vivo infusion of IL-1 (40 micrograms/kg body wt) elevated circulating plasma insulin levels two-to fourfold. These results establish IL-1 as a potent, readily reversible, glucose-dependent modulator of stimulated insulin secretion and further suggest that its positive impact on insulin release is mediated, at least in part, by phosphoinositide-derived second messenger molecules. IL-1-induced insulin secretion may participate in the multiple metabolic and immunologic adaptations occurring during sepsis.

scholarly journals Rediseño del prototipo de sistema programable para prevenir el robo de bicicletas en Oaxaca

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Maricela Morales-Hernández ◽  
Gabriela Martínez-Hernández ◽  
León Guzmán-Salas ◽  
Eva Rafael-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Real Time Database ◽  
Made In

The objective of this article is to present the second phase of the development of a smart alarm prototype that contributed to the prevention of bicycle theft in Oaxaca City, as a result of a redesign of a previous prototype. In this second phase of the investigation, improvements were made in the autonomy of the alarm, adding a lithium battery to supply the energy of the circuit; thus, the size of the circuit is also decreased by changing some components; on the other hand, a mobile application is developed to complement the alarm functions. In addition, a real-time database manager is added in order to have the location data of the bicycle on real time, it means, when the data are being generated. Finally, the traced of a route is added using the Google Maps application that allows the user to focus in certain zone in order to searching their bicycle. In the second phase, also it was applied the prototyping methodology as in the first phase.

Transformation and Precipitation Behavior in the New Conceptual TMCP Process Utilizing Heat Treatment On-Line Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 4732-4737
Author(s):  
T. Shinmiya ◽  
Nobuyuki Ishikawa ◽  
S. Endo ◽  
M. Okatsu ◽  
Haruo Nakamichi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Bainitic Ferrite ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accelerated Cooling ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Precipitation Behavior ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
On Line ◽  
Untransformed Austenite

New conceptual TMCP process for manufacturing high strength steel plates, which is applied an on-line heat treatment immediately after accelerated cooling (ACC), was developed. Transformation and precipitation behavior in the new TMCP process was investigated and compared with those in conventional ACC process and quenching and tempering process (Q+T). In the ACC process and Q+T process, microstructures were consisted of bainitic ferrite and second phase, such as cementite or martensite-austenite constituent (MA). And fine carbides, which were formed randomly, were observed in Q+T steel. On the other hand, in the new TMCP process polygonal ferrite was observed in addition to bainitic ferrite and cementite, and two kinds of precipitation forms, random precipitation and row precipitation, were observed. It was found that ferrite transformation is promoted during heating after accelerated cooling, which brings row precipitation of fine carbides. Furthermore, Control of the formation of MA this new TMCP process. In the conventional ACC process, MA constituents are formed from carbon enriched untransformed austenite during air cooling after ACC, and formation of MA is hard to prevent for higher strength steels. On the other hand, carbon enrichment to untransformed austenite can be prevented by carbide formation during on-line heat treatment after ACC. It was demonstrated that homogeneous microstructure with very low amount of MA constituents was achieved by the new TMCP process. And, absence of brittle phase brought excellent resistance to hydrogen induced cracking in NACE sour environment. In this paper, details of the metallurgical and mechanical feature of this new TMCP steel were discussed, and application to sour resistant linepipe steel was introduced.

scholarly journals Sustainable Customized Consolidation Design of Kuin Riverside Kampong Regeneration in Banjarmasin, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 07001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Prayitno
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Design ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Component

On the one hand, the hyper-urbanization phenomenon gives numerous advancements in urban living quality, yet on the other hand, it also raises an equal amount of problems. Environmental issues come in the form of density issues, the existence of slums, floods, social inequality, and urban architectural identity. As a city with “City of a Thousand Rivers” as its brand, Banjarmasin now faces a shift in an urban architectural image from a river based city to a land-based city due to the rapid land-based infrastructure development. This resulted in the degradation of environmental and architectural quality of river-based village (kampong) settlement, the main component of Banjarmasin river front city, due to a strong paradigm shift. Kuin, a river side residential area/riverside tourist destination that is currently experiencing a degradation of environmental quality and place identity, is undergoing an urban renewal. Unfortunately, the policy approaches to urban planning that has been implemented are based on general formal guidelines; guidelines which do not take the informal nature of kampong river-side settlements, due to the lack of guidelines based on riverside place identity. This paper aims to explore the characteristics of riverside settlement using architectural image observation method, space syntax method for analyzing settlement configuration genotype, connectivity, interface and interlink territory integration, as well as questionnaire and interview methods to assess the perceptions of residents and municipal authorities. From the results of this research, five compositions forms have been identified: attachment to riverside settlement identity in the form of pilling, spanning, floating, embracing, and ascending with elements such as waterfront alleys, jukung (traditional boat), lanting (floating houses) as well as floating traditional markets that serves as the frame to the configuration. The identification process is done by using the approach of observing the spaceuse appropriation and the space-user perception on how to consider its sustainability aspect as a means to determine a level of adjustment. The result shows that self organized and self customized kampong residents and tourist are aware towards the river environment, the assets of local floating markets as well as the local social space. On the other hand, municipal authorities gave more attention to formal normative and regulative aspects. This analysis is used as the basis for recommendations for kampong riverside settlement design consolidation, which is done through guided participatory design workshops. The result of this study is constructed as a concept for urban riverfront composition architecture, amphibious space territory, and urban riverfront settlement identity and expected to be able to further advance the knowledge surrounding the subject of urbanism and territoriality.

scholarly journals An Analytical Study on the Philosophical Concepts of Vaiśeṣika Included in the Āyurvedic Treatments (Based on Carakasamhitā, Susruta samhitā, and Vaiśeṣikasūtra)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Rev. Kumburuwela Seelananda
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Main Component ◽  
In The Beginning

Both Āyurweda and Philosophy are two subject streams, which are more close to the worldly and spiritual lives of human beings. Their connection is non-separable even in the beginning of these two systems. Therefore, it is worthy to investigate the connection between these two systems according to the cognition of seven categories and atoms, which are defined in the philosophy of Vaiśeṣika and how they are applied for the treatments of Āyurveda. The enumeration of categories included in Vaiśeṣika system such as; Dravya, Guṇa, Karma, Sāmānya, Viśeṣa, and Samavāya have been applied for the descriptions in the Āyurvedic treatments. Both these systems accept that the substance is the main component and that others all depend under the substance. Vaiśeṣika mentions of five types of Karma developed by Ūrdhva etc. Caraka and Susṛta have discussed about Pañca karma, Agni karma, Jāta karma etc. According to the philosophy of Vaiśeṣika, Sāmānya (General) means similarity of all objects and each other. For instance, the existence in combinative position of Substance, Attribute, and Action are depended upon their appearance of Sāmānya as well as Viśeṣa. In Āyurvedic system, one of the fundamental elements is awareness of resemblance. The resemblance of the substance, attribute, and action is always becomes the cause of increasing healthiness. On the other hand, their dissimilarity is the cause of reducing healthiness itself. Both systems accept that the Ātma is eternal. From these facts, it would appear that the Āyurvedic system have applied the concepts in philosophy of Vaiśeṣika for the use of a practical methodological system.

scholarly journals Effect of potassium ions on insulin release in the rat from the perifused islets of Langerhans with slow-rise glucose stimulation.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 2198-2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
KUNIO KOBAYASHI ◽  
SHOHEI KAGAWA ◽  
YOKO TSUMURA ◽  
HISAYO ISE ◽  
KEIKO YOSHIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Release ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Glucose Stimulation ◽  
Slow Rise ◽  
Perifused Islets

scholarly journals Аspects of the question on matter in the Byzantine thinker George Pachymeres

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 138-157
Author(s):  
Christos Terezis ◽  
Lydia Petridou
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Passive Condition ◽  
Divine Intervention ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Component

In this study, focusing our attention on the Paraphrase of Dionysius the Areopagite’s De divinis nominibus, we investigate whether matter is in George Pachymeres (1242-1310) a passive condition, which constantly receives the divine intervention, or expresses sensibly the productive projections of the divine energies. Raising a number of questions, we approach, on the one hand, the concept of causality as a relation between God and the creation and as a relation among the created beings and, on the other hand, the meaning of the concepts of corruption and death, in the sense that all of them are related to the forms of matter. The most important conclusions of ours are that matter is for G. Pachymeres absolutely related to the concept of causality and that corruption is just a microcosmic scale fact. Regarding whether G. Pachymeres tends to adopt materialist theories, we conclude that he accepts matter as a main component of the created world, in the sense of the projection of the divine creative action, without ever ignoring metaphysics of transcendence.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

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