scholarly journals The effect on the blood sugar of fish of various conditions including removal of the principal islets (isletectomy)

1925 ◽  
Vol 98 (687) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Bony Fishes

In fishes the sugar of the blood and the glycogen of the liver have been found to vary considerably even in individuals of the same species, and still more so in those of different species. Practically nothing is known definitely of the causes for these variations, and this we consider an important problem to investigate, especially since light might thereby be thrown on the nature of the metabolism of carbohydrates in cold-blooded animals in which the intermediary stages proceed more slowly than in warm-blooded animals. Our interest was aroused in the behaviour of the blood sugar of fishes for other reasons as well. In certain of the bony fishes (Teleostei) the islets of Langerhans exist as definite glands which have come to be known as the “principal islets.” Being more or less separated from the pancreatic tissue itself, these can readily be excised, thus making it possible, by examination of the blood sugar, to determine whether a diabetic condition can be induced by isletectomy without removal of any of the pancreas proper. It was of interest also to see whether insulin can affect the blood sugar. Before such investigations could be undertaken it was necessary to know exactly the degree to which the blood sugar of different fishes of the same species may vary independently of such an operation. Lang and Macleod (1), in confirmation of earlier work by Diamare (2) and of Bierry and Fandard (3), found that there are usually only traces of sugar in the blood of the Elasmobranchi, such as Squalus (dog-fish), but that considerable amounts may occur in the blood of representative Teleostei, such as Cyprinus (carp). In the latter fish it was also noted that the amounts may vary from 0·058 to 0·300 per cent. Fandard and Ranc (4) have stated that the blood sugar in fishes is peculiarly susceptible to asphyxial conditions, but so far as we have been able to find they have published no details of their observations. The most important recent work is that of E. L. Scott (5), who has observed the blood sugar in Mustelis canis , the fish prior to the observations being kept in traps which were exposed to tide water and, during them, in shallow tanks. The percentage of oxygen was also frequently determined in the water of the tanks. It was found that no blood sugar, or only traces, could be detected in six out of eight individuals, which are described as having been in a subnormal condition. On the other hand, when the fish were asphyxiated by keeping them out of water for varying periods of time, the blood sugar rose rapidly, to attain, in two specimens, a maximum of about 0·240 per cent, after four minutes, followed by a gradual decline, so that a level of 0·032 was reached in one specimen after 15 minutes. The degree of variability in the results is, however, very great, and they do not seem to us to justify the conclusion that the sugar rises within a few minutes and then falls again during the asphyxial period.

Faith and Goodness

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 167-191
Author(s):  
Eleonore Stump
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alvin Plantinga ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Richard Swinburne ◽  
The Relationship

Recent work on the subject of faith has tended to focus on the epistemology of religious belief, considering such issues as whether beliefs held in faith are rational and how they may be justified. Richard Swinburne, for example, has developed an intricate explanation of the relationship between the propositions of faith and the evidence for them. Alvin Plantinga, on the other hand, has maintained that belief in God may be properly basic, that is, that a belief that God exists can be part of the foundation of a rational noetic structure. This sort of work has been useful in drawing attention to significant issues in the epistemology of religion, but these approaches to faith seem to me also to deepen some long-standing perplexities about traditional Christian views of faith.

IV.—On some Freshwater Mollusca from the Pliocene Deposits of East Anglia

1911 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 401-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Kennard ◽  
B. B. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Correct Determination

Non-marine Mollusca are extremely rare in the Pliocene deposits of this country, which fact must always be a matter of regret to the Palæontologist, since they are of the utmost importance in connexion with the origin of our present fauna. Unfortunately, in addition to their rarity, they are often decorticated or fragmentary, whence no doubt the differences in opinion as to their correct determination. A re-examination of all the available material has convinced us that there is still much to be done before it will be possible to reach finality. In these matters so much depends on one's standpoint. If one starts with the preconceived idea that the Pliocene shells must be identical with the recent forms, it is easy enough to identify them, even if one has to go to Japan or Greenland to find its present habitat. If, on the other hand, one considers it better to study carefully the results of recent work on other branches of the fauna, it is obvious that different results will be arrived at. Hence we are quite prepared for any differences of opinion as to the correctness of our views or the wisdom of creating four new species, as we now venture to do.

The false dichotomy of imagery

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel J. T. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Activity Theory ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Perception ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Description Theory ◽  
False Dichotomy

Pylyshyn's critique is powerful. Pictorial theories of imagery fail. On the other hand, the symbolic description theory he manifestly still favors also fails, lacking the semantic foundation necessary to ground imagery's intentionality and consciousness. However, contrary to popular belief, these two theory types do not exhaust available options. Recent work on embodied, active perception supports the alternative perceptual activity theory of imagery.

scholarly journals Neonatus dengan Ibu Diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
Nur Agustini
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Diabetic Mother ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

Kehamilan pada seorang ibu dengan diabetes sangat mempengaruhi kondisi bayi yang akan dilahirkannya. Kondisi tersebut dapat timbul karena selama janin dalam kandungan kadar gula darah ibu senantiasa mempengaruhi kadar gula darah janin, sedangkan kadar insulin ibu tidak. Hal ini mengakibatkan hiperinsulinisme pada janin, yang kemudian meyebabkan timbulnya berbagai komplikasi yang berbahaya pada janin ataupun pada bayi setelah dilahirkan. Masalah utama yang timbul akibat hiperinsulinisme adalah hipoglikemia dan ditres pernapasan. Pemahaman yang baik tentang bayi dengan ibu diabetes harus dimiliki oleh seorang perawat, agar kelak dapat memberikan perawatan yang tepat untuk mendukung tumbuh kembang anak secara optimal. AbstractA pregnancy in a woman with diabetes mellitus can affect the health status of her fetus. This is because the level of blood sugar in a fetus will be affected by the level of blood sugar in the mother, which on the other hand the level of insulin of a mother does not affect the level; of insulin of her fetus. This condition may produce a hyperinsulinism that leads to hypoglycemia and respiratory distress in a newborn. A well understanding on a baby of diabetic mother is required for a nurse to deliver a comprehensive nursing care as an effort to assist a growth and development process of a baby optimally.Keywords: A level of blood sugar, hyperinsulinism.

Railroads and Regulation, 1877–1916: Conspiracy or Public Interest?

1967 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Harbeson
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Federal Regulation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Railroad System

Professor Gabriel Kolko in his recent work, Railroads and Regulation, 1877–1916, presents an interpretation or the origin, motivation, and consequences of the movement for federal regulation of railroads which differs in important respects from that which has hitherto been generally accepted. Thus it has generally been held that railway regulation was a response to the demands of farmers and other shippers for protection against monopolistic and discriminatory tactics on the part of the railroads and that regulation was bitterly resisted by the latter. Kolko, on the other hand, holds that regulation was actually welcomed by the railroads as a means of securing the rate and profit stability which they were unable to maintain by their own action, and that “the railroads, not the farmers and shippers, were the most important single advocates of federal regulation from 1877 to 1916” (p. 3). He concedes that “the movement for federal regulation of the railroad system was not, in any strict sense, deliberately initiated by the railroads’ (p. 20) and that legislation could not have been passed without shipper support, but points out that shippers were either inarticulate or divided with respect to the kind of regulation, if any, desired, and that the railroads were always able to secure the support of enough shipper groups to insure passage of the legislation which they favored. Furthermore, the railroads welcomed federal as opposed to state regulation, since they regarded the latter as punitive and restrictive and less amenable to their influence than federal regulation.

INSULIN COMPONENTS RELEASED BY THE NORMAL AND SUBTOTAL DEGRANULATED PERIFUSED ISLETS OF LANGERHANS OF THE RAT

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. García Hermida ◽  
J. Gómez-Acebo
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Release ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Perifused Islets ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Perifusion System

ABSTRACT The insulin components released from normal and tolbutamide treated islets of the rat were studied in a perifusion system. The treated islets showed diminished quantities of insulin secreted as compared to the controls and an increase in the proportions of "big insulin" secreted during the second phase of this release. On the other hand, the main component of insulin released during the first phase was "little insulin". These studies confirm that the subtotally degranulated islets are less efficient than the controls in producing insulin release.

scholarly journals What’s real is immaterial: What are we doing with new materialism?

Aporia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
David Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Abusive Relationship ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Object Oriented Ontology

New materialism is emerging as one of the most signifi cant developments in healthcare research in recent years, offering radical new ways to rethink our critical relationship with forms, matter, objects and things. As with any new paradigm, it can take some time for the limitations of the approach to become clear. In this article I examine some of these limitations, focusing particularly on new materialist defi nitions of objects and the ontology of affect. Drawing on the recent work of Graham Harman and Timothy Morton, I argue that new materialism fails the ‘fl at ontology test’, and reinforces the kinds of idealism that it purports to critique. Object Oriented Ontology, on the other hand, may allow us to shape a radical new ethics of objects, using that to transform our abusive relationship with the ecosystem, disturb raditional enlightenment binaries and hierarchies, and to put aside human hubris.

scholarly journals Combining the Delete Relaxation with Critical-Path Heuristics: A Direct Characterization

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 269-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Fickert ◽  
Joerg Hoffmann ◽  
Marcel Steinmetz
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Polynomial Time ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Complexity Reduction ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Np Complete ◽  
Planning Task ◽  
The One

Recent work has shown how to improve delete relaxation heuristics by computing relaxed plans, i.e., the hFF heuristic, in a compiled planning task PiC which represents a given set C of fact conjunctions explicitly. While this compilation view of such partial delete relaxation is simple and elegant, its meaning with respect to the original planning task is opaque, and the size of PiC grows exponentially in |C|. We herein provide a direct characterization, without compilation, making explicit how the approach arises from a combination of the delete-relaxation with critical-path heuristics. Designing equations characterizing a novel view on h+ on the one hand, and a generalized version hC of hm on the other hand, we show that h+(PiC) can be characterized in terms of a combined hcplus equation. This naturally generalizes the standard delete-relaxation framework: understanding that framework as a relaxation over singleton facts as atomic subgoals, one can refine the relaxation by using the conjunctions C as atomic subgoals instead. Thanks to this explicit view, we identify the precise source of complexity in hFF(PiC), namely maximization of sets of supported atomic subgoals during relaxed plan extraction, which is easy for singleton-fact subgoals but is NP-complete in the general case. Approximating that problem greedily, we obtain a polynomial-time hCFF version of hFF(PiC), superseding the PiC compilation, and superseding the modified PiCce compilation which achieves the same complexity reduction but at an information loss. Experiments on IPC benchmarks show that these theoretical advantages can translate into empirical ones.

Confidence-accuracy dissociation via criterion attraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dobromir Rahnev
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
External Noise ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Criteria ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
Multiple Tasks ◽  
Criterion Location

Humans often have to use different decision criteria in different tasks such as when detecting a mosquito against a white versus a patterned wall. However, it is debated whether people can maintain independent criteria for different tasks. Early work uncovered suboptimal biases when multiple tasks are performed simultaneously, and concluded that in such situations people inadvertently use the same decision criteria across different perceptual tasks. On the other hand, these studies could not measure the criterion location directly and more recent work has questioned whether the same criteria are indeed used across different tasks. To resolve this debate, here we develop a new external noise paradigm that can objectively quantify criterion location across two tasks that optimally require very different criteria. We find strong evidence of “criterion attraction” where the criteria across the two tasks move towards each other but do not become identical. This criterion attraction leads to a large and consistent confidence-accuracy dissociation in the absence of reaction time differences between the tasks. These results unify the seemingly disparate findings in the literature and establish a robust way of inducing dissociations between subjective and objective performance.

Lymph Transport Mechanisms in Peripheral Lymphatics

Physiology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
IC Roddie
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Filling Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Outflow Resistance ◽  
Other Hand

Recent work suggests many lymphatics propel lymph by intrinsic beating, the rate and force of which are automatically adjusted by the prevailing level of filling pressure (preload) and outflow resistance (afterload). Extrinsic forces on the other hand have little effect on lymph transport at normal intralymphatic pressures and volumes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document