EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC THYROTROPHIN-RELEASING FACTOR ON PITUITARY TSH SECRETION IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY DISORDERS

1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Otsuki ◽  
Hidetaro Mori ◽  
Shigeaki Baba ◽  
Naohisa Hiroshige
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Pituitary Insufficiency ◽  
Tumour Invasion ◽  
Secondary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Chromophobe Adenoma ◽  
Tsh Secretion ◽  
Normal Increase ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Slow Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Different Doses

ABSTRACT Different doses of thyrotrophin-releasing factor (TRF) were administered by three different routes (intravenous, subcutaneous and oral) to 87 normal subjects in order to standardize the "TRF test" for the pituitary TSH reserve. The results were: 1) Intravenous single injection may be suitable as a routine TRF test because of the stability of TSH response to TRF and the reliability of TRF administration. 2) The maximum TSH increases were dose-related between 50 and 400 μg, so that we can recommend the use of 50 μg of TRF as a screening test for TSH secretion. 3) Oral administration and slow intravenous infusion of TRF with estimation of thyroxine levels can be useful as an indirect test of pituitary TSH reserve when TSH assays are not available. According to these results, the TRF test was performed in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders. A normal increase in plasma TSH occurred in 10 out of 20 patients with operated pituitary chromophobe adenoma following the administration of 50 or 100 μg of TRF. Two patients showed no rise in plasma TSH after receiving 50 or 100 μg of TRF but a normal rise after receiving 400 or 600 μg of TRF. Little or no rise in the plasma TSH levels occurred following the administration of 100 μg TRF in pituitary chromophobe adenoma and Sheehan's syndrome who had a long standing pituitary insufficiency and secondary hypothyroidism. However, some cases with craniopharyngioma and pinealoma, accompanied with a low level of thyroid function, showed a normal TSH responses to 50 μg of TRF. Since the pituitary of these cases remained intact from tumour invasion, they should be assumed to have tertiary (hypothalamic) hypothyroidism. Of particular interest is the fact that the patients with suprahypophyseal tumour surprisingly showed a supernormal TSH response to 50 μg of TRF.

THE EFFECTS OF A SYNTHETIC THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE (TRH) IN NORMAL AND ENDOCRINOPATHIC SUBJECTS

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Faglia ◽  
P. Beck-Peccoz ◽  
B. Ambrosi ◽  
C. Ferrari ◽  
P. Travaglini
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Secondary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Normal Increase

ABSTRACT The effects of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) on plasma thyrotrophin (HTSH), thyroxine iodine (T4-I), growth hormone (HGH) and cortisol were studied in healthy and endocrinopathic subjects. In normal subjects rapid iv injection of 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 μg of TRH caused definite increases in plasma HTSH with a dose-response correlation between 100 and 200 μg; the peak occurred at 20–30 min at any dose level; iv infusion of 1000 μg over 30 min was followed by highly variable rises in plasma HTSH; the oral administration of 20 mg caused a definite and prolonged increase. In endocrinopathic subjects a standard dose of 600 μg of TRH was rapidly iv injected: 5 euthyroid patients with high 131I thyroidal uptake showed a normal increase in HTSH; 10 cases of Graves' disease, 5 of hyperactive adenomas as well as 4 normal subjects pre-treated with triiodothyronine showed no response; out of 5 cases of Graves' disease re-investigated after remission 3 showed no response, while 2 had an exaggerated response; 5 cases of primary myxoedema showed a very marked and prolonged response; out of 2 patients with idiopathic secondary hypothyroidism 1 did not respond at all and 1 showed a large and prolonged increase with a late peak; out of 4 cases of secondary hypothyroidism due to pituitary tumours, 2 gave normal responses, 1 showed a very marked and prolonged rise and 1 had a poor response; the same subject, after selective adenomectomy, however, had an exaggerated response; 12 euthyroid patients with pituitary tumours were examined: 3 did not respond at all, 4 had a normal increase in plasma HTSH and 5 gave a prolonged and exaggerated response. The serum T4-I showed an upward trend after TRH iv; however, the increase was not present in all instances. After oral administration of TRH a more definite increase was reached. It was demonstrated that TRH does not promote the release of HGH and ACTH.

Instant 99mTc-Labelled Glucoheptonate Kit for Kidney Imaging

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Al-Hilli ◽  
H. M. A. Karim ◽  
M. H. S. Al-Hissoni ◽  
M. N. Jassim ◽  
N. H. Agha
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Scintillation Camera ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kidney Imaging ◽  
Mean Concentration

Gelchromatography column scanning has been used to study the fractions of reduced hydrolyzed 99mTc, 99mTc-pertechnetate and 99mTc-chelate in a 99mTc-glucoheptonate (GH) preparation. A stable high labelling yield of 99mTc-GH complex in the radiopharmaceutical has been obtained with a concentration of 40-50 mg of glucoheptonic acid-calcium salt and not less than 0.45 mg of SnCl2 2 H2O at an optimal pH between 6.5 and 7.0. The stability of the complex has been found significantly affected when sodium hydroxide solution was used for the pH adjustment. However, an alternative procedure for final pH adjustment of the preparation has been investigated providing a stable complex for the usual period of time prior to the injection. The organ distribution and the blood clearance data of 99mTc-GH in rabbits were relatively similar to those reported earlier. The mean concentration of the radiopharmaceutical in both kidneys has been studied in normal subjects for one hour with a scintillation camera and the results were satisfactory.

Polymeric Collagen of Skin in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Inherited Connective Tissue Disorders

1973 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. O. Francis ◽  
R. Smith ◽  
D. C. Macmillan
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Connective Tissue Disorders ◽  
Myositis Ossificans Progressiva ◽  
Normal Colour ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Blue Sclerae

1. The major collagen fraction of skin, which in vivo consists of tropocollagen molecules aggregated into extracellular fibres, has been extracted from forty-nine normal subjects and nineteen patients with inherited and acquired disorders of connective tissue. 2. In normal subjects the chemical stability of this fraction progressively increased up to the age of 60. 3. This fraction was less stable than normal in patients with homocystinuria, Werner's syndrome, myositis ossificans progressiva, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, juvenile osteoporosis and acromegaly. 4. In osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) the stability of this fraction was normal in those patients with markedly blue sclerae, although the amount which could be extracted from the skin was low: opposite results were found in those OI patients with sclerae of normal colour. 5. This study provides preliminary evidence of collagen abnormality in several heritable disorders of connective tissue.

THE EFFECTS OF DRESS SHOES ON STABILITY DURING QUIET STANDING AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION WHILE WALKING

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 1250029
Author(s):  
SAED MOHSEN MIRBOD ◽  
MOHAMMAD TAGHI KARIMI ◽  
A. ESHRAGHI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
The Stability

Footwear is an extremely important clothing item worn by all individuals. Currently, there is insufficient research regarding the influence of dress shoes on standing stability and energy consumption while walking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dress shoes on the performance of normal subjects based on stability and energy consumption analysis. Fifteen normal subjects were recruited in this research study to stand and walk with and without shoes. The stability of the subjects in quiet standing was measured by the use of a force plate based on center of pressure (COP) sway. The energy consumption was evaluated by a heart rate monitoring system (Polar Electro) based on the physiological cost index (PCI). The mean values of PCI while walking with and without shoes were 0.29 ± 0.117 and 0.265 ± 0.112 beats/m, respectively (p-value > 0.05). The amplitudes of COP sways in the mediolateral and anteroposterior directions were 10.4 ± 3.5 and 25 ± 6.92 mm while standing with shoes and 9.3 ± 2.84 and 22.5 ± 5.25 mm in barefoot standing, respectively (p-value > 0.05). It can be concluded that wearing dress shoes does not influence the performance of subjects while standing or walking.

Single-position calibration of the respiratory inductance plethysmograph

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1031-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Loveridge ◽  
P. West ◽  
N. R. Anthonisen ◽  
M. H. Kryger
Keyword(s):  
Body Position ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Calibration And Verification ◽  
The Stability

Since we intended to use the respiratory inductance plethysmograph (RIP) to study breathing patterns in a single body position, we developed a method to calibrate the RIP in one position (seated) and verified the stability of this calibration procedure during a 60-min period. The subject breathed spontaneously through a pneumotachograph for 1 min during all calibration and verification runs. All inspiratory data from the abdomen and rib cage RIP transducers was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis to calculate calibration factors for the transducers. Eight normal subjects were studied, and the stability of calibration at 20, 40, and 60 min was determined. The correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.94. The mean slope and mean intercept describing the relationship of the RIP volume to the pneumotachograph volume for all calibration and verification runs were 0.995 +/- 0.074 and 0.012 +/- 0.018 liter, respectively. This calibration method allows a spirogram to be generated from the RIP signals. Therefore, this technique may be valuable in further investigating resting breathing patterns in humans.

STUDIES ON GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND RENAL PLASMA FLOW IN PITUITARY INSUFFICIENCY IN MAN INCLUDING MEASUREMENTS OF THE RENAL EXTRACTION OF PARA-AMINOHIPPURIC ACID

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Bojs ◽  
Thomas Falkheden ◽  
Björn Sjögren
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Pituitary Insufficiency ◽  
Substitution Therapy ◽  
Adrenocortical Insufficiency ◽  
Degree Of Reduction ◽  
Chromophobe Adenoma

ABSTRACT Clearances of inulin and para-aminohippuric acid as well as renal extraction of para-aminohippuric acid were studied in six hypophysectomized patients, in one case of craniopharyngioma and in two cases of chromophobe adenoma. All subjects showed evidence of adrenocortical insufficiency and received substitution therapy with cortisone (17,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione) at the time of this investigation. Thyroid insufficiency was demonstrated in only four cases. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were decreased to a varying extent, the reduction being most marked in the hypothyroid subjects. Irrespective of the degree of reduction in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow a normal renal extraction of para-aminohippuric acid was found.

CATABOLISM OF 14C-HISTAMINE IN ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY IN MAN

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Falkheden ◽  
Sven-Eric Lindell ◽  
Håkan Westling
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Pituitary Insufficiency ◽  
Adrenocortical Insufficiency ◽  
Laboratory Evidence ◽  
Chromophobe Adenoma ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cortisone Therapy

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of 14C-histamine and its metabolites was studied in four patients following an intravenous injection of 14C-labelled histamine. Two patients were investigated before and after hypophysectomy, which induced laboratory evidence of adrenocortical insufficiency. Two subjects with pituitary insufficiency (gonadal and adrenocortical insufficiency) due to a chromophobe adenoma were studied before and during cortisone therapy. The presence of adrenocortical insufficiency was associated with a slower rate of elimination into the urine of unchanged 14C-histamine. There was no evidence of a decreased inactivation of 14C-histamine as revealed by analyses of the urinary metabolites.

Effects of L-Dopa and Chlorpromazine on Human Growth Hormone and TSH Secretion in Normal Subjects and Acromegalics

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punjab Singh ◽  
D.G. McDevitt ◽  
J. Mackay ◽  
D.R. Hadden
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Tsh Secretion

On the role of dopamine receptors in the central regulation of human TSH

1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Delitala ◽  
L. Devilla ◽  
A. Canessa ◽  
F. D'Asta
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Central Regulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tsh Secretion ◽  
Substituted Benzamides

Abstract. The effects of acute administration of haloperidol (4 mg im) and pimozide (4 mg orally) on TSH and Prl secretion were studied in normal and hypothyroid man. The TRH-induced TSH secretion before and after pre-medication with pimozide and domperidone, a peripheral dopamine (DA) blocker, was also evaluated in a group of normal subjects. Haloperidol and pimozide induced a marked increment in serum Prl; mean Prl levels were still significantly elevated 12 h following pimozide administration. A small but significant TSH increase was observed following haloperidol and pimozide in normal as well as hypothyroid subjects. Both domperidone and pimozide significantly enhanced TRH-induced TSH release. In another experiment 3 women with primary thyroid failure received an infusion of DA (4 (μg/kg/min for 4 h) with and without domperidone administration. TSH and Prl levels were suppressed by DA, but the effect was completely abolished by domperidone. The results suggest that psychotrophic drugs, such as haloperidol and pimozide, can, like substituted benzamides, stimulate TSH release in man. Since domperidone and DA do not cross the blood-brain-barrier and domperidone significantly enhanced the TSH response to TRH, the data also support the hypothesis that human TSH is regulated by DA at the hypothalamus (median eminence) and/or pituitary level.

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