CATABOLISM OF 14C-HISTAMINE IN ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY IN MAN

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Falkheden ◽  
Sven-Eric Lindell ◽  
Håkan Westling
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Pituitary Insufficiency ◽  
Adrenocortical Insufficiency ◽  
Laboratory Evidence ◽  
Chromophobe Adenoma ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cortisone Therapy

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of 14C-histamine and its metabolites was studied in four patients following an intravenous injection of 14C-labelled histamine. Two patients were investigated before and after hypophysectomy, which induced laboratory evidence of adrenocortical insufficiency. Two subjects with pituitary insufficiency (gonadal and adrenocortical insufficiency) due to a chromophobe adenoma were studied before and during cortisone therapy. The presence of adrenocortical insufficiency was associated with a slower rate of elimination into the urine of unchanged 14C-histamine. There was no evidence of a decreased inactivation of 14C-histamine as revealed by analyses of the urinary metabolites.

ACIDIC URINARY METABOLITES OF PROGESTERONE: STUDIES ON THE PREGNANT RABBIT

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. ALLEN ◽  
G. H. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Pregnant Animal ◽  
Pregnant Rabbit ◽  
Before And After

SUMMARY Indirect evidence is presented which suggests that the same acidic metabolites are obtained from the hydrolysed urine of the pregnant rabbit as from the non-pregnant animal injected with labelled progesterone. The acidic urinary metabolites were characterized by conversion with borohydridebismuthate to neutral aldehydes, which were then chromatographed on SE-30 and QF-1. In four rabbits the urinary excretion of the aldehydogenic metabolites and of pregnanediol, before and after mating, was parallel; the highest values were obtained in the 24 hr. after the coital stimulus.

STUDIES ON GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND RENAL PLASMA FLOW IN PITUITARY INSUFFICIENCY IN MAN INCLUDING MEASUREMENTS OF THE RENAL EXTRACTION OF PARA-AMINOHIPPURIC ACID

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Bojs ◽  
Thomas Falkheden ◽  
Björn Sjögren
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Pituitary Insufficiency ◽  
Substitution Therapy ◽  
Adrenocortical Insufficiency ◽  
Degree Of Reduction ◽  
Chromophobe Adenoma

ABSTRACT Clearances of inulin and para-aminohippuric acid as well as renal extraction of para-aminohippuric acid were studied in six hypophysectomized patients, in one case of craniopharyngioma and in two cases of chromophobe adenoma. All subjects showed evidence of adrenocortical insufficiency and received substitution therapy with cortisone (17,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione) at the time of this investigation. Thyroid insufficiency was demonstrated in only four cases. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were decreased to a varying extent, the reduction being most marked in the hypothyroid subjects. Irrespective of the degree of reduction in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow a normal renal extraction of para-aminohippuric acid was found.

scholarly journals Altered reabsorption of protein by the renal cortex in rats treated with hypertonic saline or mannitol.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 707-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Straus
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Proximal Tubule Cells ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Tubule Cells

The reabsorption of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by the proximal tubule cells of rat kidneys was investigated by measuring the concentration of HRP in total particulate fractions of the cortex 1/4 and 1 hr after intravenous injection, and by correlated cytochemical observations. When compared to the corresponding values of the control animals, the concentration of HRP 1 hr after injection was decreased approximately 10-fold in the renal cortex of rats which had received an intravenous injection of hypertonic saline or two subcutaneous injections of mannitol. The plasma clearance and the urinary excretion of HRP were not altered significantly after injection of hypertonic saline, but the plasma clearance was decreased and the urinary excretion increased after injection of mannitol. When the dose of injected HRP was varied, the reabsorption of HRP by the renal cortex was proportional to the dose in the experimental and the control animals. Cytochemical staining for peroxidase activity also showed that the phagosomes and phagolysosomes of the proximal tubule cells contained much less peroxidase in the experimental rats than in the control rats. After injection of mannitol, large vacuoles appeared in the proximal tubule cells. The vacuoles often contained peroxidase-positive granules (phagosomes) which varied in diameter from the limit of microscopic visibility up to several microns. Most of the vacuoles did not react for acid phosphatase activity, but lysosomes were often aggregated around the vacuoles and seemed to release acid phosphatase into the cytoplasm. Certain analogies between the reabsorption of protein and that of water by the proximal tubule cells are discussed.

Albumin synthesis in humans increases immediately following the administration of endotoxin

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans BARLE ◽  
Anna JANUSZKIEWICZ ◽  
Lars HÅLLSTRÖM ◽  
Pia ESSÉN ◽  
Margaret A. MCNURLAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Fractional Synthesis Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fractional Synthesis ◽  
Absolute Synthesis

In order to investigate the immediate (i.e. within 3h) response of albumin synthesis to the administration of endotoxin, as a model of a moderate and well controlled catabolic insult, two measurements employing L-[2H5]phenylalanine were performed in 16 volunteers. One group (n = 8) received an intravenous injection of endotoxin (4ng/kg; lot EC-6) immediately after the first measurement of albumin synthesis, whereas the other group received saline. A second measurement was initiated 1h later. In the endotoxin group, the fractional synthesis rate of albumin was 6.9±0.6%/day (mean±S.D.) in the first measurement. In the second measurement, a significant increase was observed (9.6±1.2%/day; P<0.001). The corresponding values in the control group were were 6.6±0.6%/day and 7.0±0.6%/day respectively (not significant compared with first measurement and P<0.001 compared with the second measurement in the endotoxin group). The absolute synthesis rates of albumin were 148±35 and 201±49mg·kg-1·day-1 before and after endotoxin (P<0.01). In the control group, the corresponding values were 131±21 and 132±20mg·kg-1·day-1 (not significant compared with the first measurement and P<0.01 compared with the second measurement in the endotoxin group). In conclusion, these results indicate that albumin synthesis increases in the very early phase after a catabolic insult, as represented by the administration of endotoxin.

THE URINARY EXCRETION OF OESTROGENS AND PREGNANEDIOL AT THE END OF PREGNANCY, DURING LABOUR AND DURING THE EARLY PUERPERIUM

1953 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. T. BRADSHAW ◽  
W. J. E. JESSOP
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Before And After

1. The excretion levels of oestrogen and pregnanediol have been followed in fourteen women during the last 3 weeks of pregnancy, during labour and during the first few days of the puerperium. Particular attention was paid to the period immediately before and after the onset of labour. 2. The amounts excreted during the last 3 weeks of pregnancy were high in all cases, but considerable variations were observed from day to day. During labour the values were usually lower, but there were frequent variations here also. The excretion fell to a low level within a few days following delivery. 3. There was a general tendency for the output of oestriol and total oestrogen to fall during the last 2 days before the onset of labour, and this fall was shown statistically to be highly significant on the day before onset and less significant on the previous day. However, in almost every case similar changes had been observed at earlier stages of pregnancy. In one woman the output was actually rising slightly when labour began. 4. The excretion of pregnanediol during the last 2 days of pregnancy was extremely variable, and no relationship between it and the onset of labour could be demonstrated. 5. The results obtained by other workers are discussed.

Pelvic visceral input into the nucleus gracilis is largely mediated by the postsynaptic dorsal column pathway

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 2675-2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Al-Chaer ◽  
N. B. Lawand ◽  
K. N. Westlund ◽  
W. D. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Background Activity ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Medial Lemniscus ◽  
Afferent Pathways ◽  
Nucleus Gracilis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Postsynaptic Dorsal Column

1. The purpose of this study was to investigate a proposed role for the postsynaptic dorsal column (PSDC) pathway in mediating visceral nociceptive input into the dorsal column (DC) nuclei. 2. In one group of animals, the hypogastric nerves were sectioned, thereby restricting colorectal input into the cord to pelvic afferent pathways known to coverage on lower lumbar and sacral segments. Extracellular recording were made from 41 nucleus gracilis (NG) cells that responded to colorectal distension (CRD). Results reported are from 15 NG cells that were tested before and after the administration of morphine into the sacral cord by microdialysis. 3. The responses of 11 NG cells to CRD were dramatically reduced by morphine infused into the sacral cord through a microdialysis fiber. This reduction was reversed by an intravenous injection of naloxone. Microdialysis administration of 6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) or a lesion of the DC also abolished the responses of the NG cells to CRD. 4. Four NG cells that responded to CRD showed an increase in their background activity approximately 25 min after an injection of mustard oil (MO). This increase in activity was counteracted by morphine or by a lesion of the DC. 5. In a second group of animals, recordings were made from 28 PSDC cells in the L0-S1 segments of the cord. These units were antidromically activated by stimulation of the upper cervical fasciculus gracilis. The projections of five PSDC neurons into the NG were traced with the use of antidromic mapping. Results are reported for the responses of 12 PSDC cells to CRD and to cutaneous stimuli before and after morphine administration into the sacral cord by microdialysis. 6. Morphine given spinally reduced the responses of 12 PSDC cells to CRD. This reduction was reversed by an intravenous injection of naloxone. CNQX administered spinally also abolished the responses to CRD of the PSDC cells tested. 7. Four other PSDC cells were studied before and after an injection of MO into the colon. Their background activity started to increase within 25 min after the injection. Morphine suppressed this increase in background activity and this effect of morphine was reversed by naloxone. 8. The responses of NG cells to cutaneous stimuli were not significantly affected by morphine in the dose used. On the other hand, morphine significantly reduced the responses of PSDC cells to noxious cutaneous stimuli although this effect was not as dramatic as that on responses to visceral stimuli. 9. From the results of the studies described in this and the companion paper, we conclude that there is an important pelvic visceral nociceptive pathway involving PSDC neurons that synapse in the NG. The NG in turn activates neurons in the ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus. We presume that activation of VPL neurons by noxious visceral stimulation contributes to visceral pain sensation and thus that pelvic visceral pain depends largely on activity in the DC-medial lemniscus system.

ACUTE ESERINE POISONING IN THE MONKEY

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-451
Author(s):  
C. A. de Candole
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Respiratory Mechanism

The changes in pulmonary ventilation which follow the intravenous injection of lethal and sublethal doses of eserine in the urethanized monkey have been studied. A reduction in minute volume is the outstanding change; but periods of overventilation may occur both before and after the phase of underventilation.When death takes place within ten minutes respiration fails before the heart, whereas when death is delayed, both fail together.Different elements of the respiratory mechanism differ in their susceptibility to eserine. Thus diaphragmatic and intercostal function are rarely lost together, and gasping may continue for long periods after eupnoeic breathing has failed.

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