STUDIES ON GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND RENAL PLASMA FLOW IN PITUITARY INSUFFICIENCY IN MAN INCLUDING MEASUREMENTS OF THE RENAL EXTRACTION OF PARA-AMINOHIPPURIC ACID

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Bojs ◽  
Thomas Falkheden ◽  
Björn Sjögren
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Pituitary Insufficiency ◽  
Substitution Therapy ◽  
Adrenocortical Insufficiency ◽  
Degree Of Reduction ◽  
Chromophobe Adenoma

ABSTRACT Clearances of inulin and para-aminohippuric acid as well as renal extraction of para-aminohippuric acid were studied in six hypophysectomized patients, in one case of craniopharyngioma and in two cases of chromophobe adenoma. All subjects showed evidence of adrenocortical insufficiency and received substitution therapy with cortisone (17,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione) at the time of this investigation. Thyroid insufficiency was demonstrated in only four cases. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were decreased to a varying extent, the reduction being most marked in the hypothyroid subjects. Irrespective of the degree of reduction in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow a normal renal extraction of para-aminohippuric acid was found.

HAEMODYNAMIC STUDIES IN MAN BEFORE AND AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Bojs ◽  
Thomas Falkheden ◽  
Björn Sjögren ◽  
Edvardas Varnauskas
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Chromophobe Adenoma ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Determinations of cardiac output and oxygen consumption simultaneously with measurements of glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were performed before and after hypophysectomy in two cases of acromegaly, two cases of metastatic mammary carcinoma, one case of diabetes mellitus and in one case of chromophobe adenoma. After hypophysectomy evidence of adrenocortical insufficiency was present in all but one subject and these patients were on substitution therapy with cortisone (17,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene 3,11,20-trione) at the time of the postoperative studies. In two patients at least, postoperative hypothyroidism could not be demonstrated. In all cases, however, hypophysectomy was followed by a marked and roughly parallel reduction in cardiac output and oxygen consumption. A substantial decrease in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and renal blood flow following hypophysectomy was also found while no or only slight changes in mean brachial arterial blood pressure were observed. The changes in renal function did not always parallel the reduction in cardiac output.

Clinical Renal Function Testing by External Double Isotope Monitoring Technique

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
J. Fog Pedersen ◽  
M. Fog Pedersen ◽  
Paul Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Effective Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

SummaryAn accurate catheter-free technique for clinical determination simultaneouslyof glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow by means of radioisotopes has been developed. The renal function is estimated by the amount of radioisotopes necessary to maintain a constant concentration in the patient’s blood. The infusion pumps are steered by a feedback system, the pumps being automatically turned on when the radiation measured over the patient’s head falls below a certain preset level and turned off when this level is again readied. 131I-iodopyracet was used for the estimation of effective renal plasma flow and125I-iothalamate estimation of the glomerular filtration rate. These clearances were compared to the conventional bladder clearances and good correlation was found between these two clearance methods (correlation coefficients 0.97 and.90 respectively). The advantages and disadvantages of this new clearance technique are discussed.

Influence of nifedipine on cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity after unilateral nephrectomy in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. McNally ◽  
F. Baker ◽  
N. Mistry ◽  
J. Walls ◽  
J. Feehally
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Denervation ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive

1. Nifedipine ameliorates cyclosporin A-induced renal impairment in surgically intact (two-kidney) rats. This study investigates the effect of nifedipine on cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity in spontaneously hypertensive rats after either uninephrectomy or uninephrectomy with contralateral renal denervation. 2. Fourteen days after uninephrectomy pair-fed rats were injected for 14 days with cyclosporin A (25 mg/kg body weight) via the subcutaneous route and with nifedipine (0.1 mg/kg body weight) via the intraperitoneal route. Renal and systemic haemodynamics were measured in conscious unrestrained rats. 3. Whole-blood levels of cyclosporin A did not differ between groups (overall 352 ± 22 ng/ml, means ± sem). After uninephrectomy, cyclosporin A decreased the glomerular filtration rate (olive oil versus cyclosporin A: 0.96 ± 0.04 versus 0.70 ± 0.06 ml min−1 100 g body weight, P < 0.02) and effective renal plasma flow (1.94 ± 0.10 versus 1.38 ± 0.13, P < 0.01), and increased renal vascular resistance {(20.2 ± 1.8) × 104 versus (31.6 ± 3.3) × 104 kPa l−1 s [(20.2 ± 1.8) × 103 versus (31.6 ± 3.3) × 103 dyn s cm−5], P < 0.02} and mean arterial pressure (146.7 ± 6.7 versus 167.3 ± 2.9 mmHg, P < 0.05). Neither renal denervation nor nifedipine prevented the reduction in glomerular filtration rate or effective renal plasma flow induced by cyclosporin A. 4. This study infers that the sympathetic nervous system does not play an active role in cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity and demonstrates that the concomitant administration of nifedipine to rats with reduced renal mass does not ameliorate cyclosporin A-induced renal impairment.

Sodium and Water Excretion in Nephrotic Patients: Effects of Changes in Renal Haemodynamics

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Allon ◽  
Charles B. Pasque ◽  
Mariano Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Significant Change

1. Eight nephrotic patients were studied in order to evaluate the effects of acute changes in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate on renal solute and water handling, in the absence of plasma volume expansion. 2. The subjects were studied first after the administration of captopril, a manoeuvre that increased renal plasma flow without a significant change in glomerular filtration rate, and a second time after receiving combined therapy with captopril and ibuprofen, a manoeuvre that decreased glomerular filtration rate without a significant change in renal plasma flow. 3. After captopril therapy, despite the increase in renal plasma flow, there was no significant change in proximal sodium reabsorption (as estimated from fractional lithium reabsorption), urine volume or urine osmolality. 4. The decrease in glomerular filtration rate observed after the administration of captopril plus ibuprofen was associated with decreases in fractional excretion of sodium and urine volume, and an increase in urine osmolality. The changes in these parameters of tubular function were proportionate to the changes in glomerular filtration rate. Fractional proximal sodium reabsorption increased substantially. 5. These observations suggest that, in the absence of plasma volume expansion, an increase in renal plasma flow does not increase sodium or water excretion by the nephrotic kidney. Moreover, during acute decreases in glomerular filtration rate, glomerulotubular balance appears to be disrupted, resulting in disproportionately high rates of proximal tubule sodium reabsorption.

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