STUDIES ON SYNTHESIS AND CONTROL OF SECRETION OF STEROID HORMONES ELABORATED BY RAT ADRENAL TISSUE IN VITRO

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S48
Author(s):  
B. J. Whitehouse ◽  
G. P. Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
And Control

FORMATION OF STEROID HORMONES IN THE ADRENAL ADENOMA AND ADJACENT ADRENAL TISSUE OF A PATIENT WITH PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1955-1959
Author(s):  
Elizabeth MacArthur ◽  
V. J. O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Adrenal Adenoma ◽  
Adrenal Vein ◽  
Adrenal Tissue

The in vitro steroidogenic capacity of an adrenal adenoma and adjacent adrenal tissue of a patient with primary aldosteronism was studied. The adenoma slices elaborated into the incubation medium 7.07 μg/g tissue of cortisol (78.2%), corticosterone (7.6%), and aldosterone (14.2%), while the slices of adjacent adrenal gland released 19.88 μg/g tissue of cortisol (79.1%), corticosterone (14.9%), 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (3.9%), androstenedione (2.1%), and a trace of aldosterone. The steroid content of the adenoma and the adrenal slices after incubation was 4.22 and 3.19 μg/g tissue respectively. From the former, cortisol (51.1%), corticosterone (36.6%), and progesterone (12.4%) were isolated and from the latter cortisol (13.2%), corticosterone (56.1%), progesterone (17.2%), and androstenedione (13.5%). A sample of adrenal vein blood obtained prior to adrenalectomy exhibited a cortisol/corticosterone ratio of 2.45.

In Vitro Formation of αß-Unsaturated Ketones by Adrenal Tissues in Ascorbic Acid Deficiency

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habeeb Bacchus
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Deficient Animal ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency ◽  
Unsaturated Ketones ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
And Control

In vitro studies on the formation of Δ4-3-ketones from the Δ5-3 ß-ol structure of dehydroepiandrosterone acetate by adrenal tissue were conducted. The adrenal tissue of normal and control guinea pigs is capable of this conversion to the extent of 0.46 µm/100 mg adrenal tissue, in the absence of any added cofactors. The conversion by adrenals of ascorbic acid-deficient animals is significantly less than this and is decreased progressively with the duration of the scorbutigenic fare. Addition of ascorbate to the incubation preparation corrects the disturbance in this process in the adrenal of the ascorbic acid-deficient animal.

STUDIES OF GONADECTOMIZED MICE BEARING ADRENAL CORTICAL TUMOURS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (I) ◽  
pp. 84-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick G. Hofmann ◽  
Margaret M. Dickie ◽  
Nicholas P. Christy
Keyword(s):  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
List Type ◽  
Adrenal Tumours ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
And Control ◽  
Histologic Changes

ABSTRACT Studies were made of the steroid secretion pattern of gonadectomy-induced adrenal cortical tumours in mice. Morphological and chemical data were collected from intact and gonadectomized female mice (F1 hybrids of strain DBA/2WyDi female × strain CE/WyDi male and the reciprocal cross). Morphological data – In spayed animals with adrenal tumours, the weights of the hypophysis, kidney and submaxillary gland were significantly greater than in intact controls (without adrenal tumours). Body and thymus weights were similar in the spayed and control mice, and there was no femoral osteoporosis in either group. Histologic changes in kidneys of tumour mice were compatible with androgenic stimulation. Chemical data – Incubation of normal and neoplastic adrenal tissue with progesterone 4-14C showed conversion to corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone. The conversion was accomplished more efficiently by normal than by neoplastic adrenal tissue. There was no evidence for in vitro conversion of progesterone to oestrogens or androgens nor for the storage of these compounds in the adrenal tumours. Corticotrophin content in the tumour mice increased in proportion to the increased weight of the pituitary gland, the concentration of corticotrophin being the same as in the controls. The morphologic and chemical data taken together suggest an enhanced androgen secretion by the adrenal tumours, but no increase, per unit weight of tissue, in corticosteroid (C21 steroid) production.

FORMATION OF STEROID HORMONES IN THE ADRENAL ADENOMA AND ADJACENT ADRENAL TISSUE OF A PATIENT WITH PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1955-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth MacArthur ◽  
V. J. O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Adrenal Adenoma ◽  
Adrenal Vein ◽  
Adrenal Tissue

The in vitro steroidogenic capacity of an adrenal adenoma and adjacent adrenal tissue of a patient with primary aldosteronism was studied. The adenoma slices elaborated into the incubation medium 7.07 μg/g tissue of cortisol (78.2%), corticosterone (7.6%), and aldosterone (14.2%), while the slices of adjacent adrenal gland released 19.88 μg/g tissue of cortisol (79.1%), corticosterone (14.9%), 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (3.9%), androstenedione (2.1%), and a trace of aldosterone. The steroid content of the adenoma and the adrenal slices after incubation was 4.22 and 3.19 μg/g tissue respectively. From the former, cortisol (51.1%), corticosterone (36.6%), and progesterone (12.4%) were isolated and from the latter cortisol (13.2%), corticosterone (56.1%), progesterone (17.2%), and androstenedione (13.5%). A sample of adrenal vein blood obtained prior to adrenalectomy exhibited a cortisol/corticosterone ratio of 2.45.

CROSS-OVER DESIGNS IN THE BIOASSAY OF CORTICOTROPHIN

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 552-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørn Lyng
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Material ◽  
Adrenal Tissue

ABSTRACT The relevant data from 28 subcutaneous triplet cross-over assays of corticotrophin are given. The possible advantage of a twin cross-over design for the »in vitro« standardization of corticotrophin has been investigated, and it is concluded, that when the randomization of the adrenal tissue has been properly performed, there will be no advantage in this design. An attempt has been made to do an »in vitro« cross-over assay of corticotrophin without mixing the glands. The efficiency of the design is shown, but it is concluded that it is not effective enough to eliminate the effect of the highly heterogeneous material.

scholarly journals Stage-dependent effect of deferoxamine on growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1250-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Whitehead ◽  
TE Peto
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
Speed Of Onset

Abstract Deferoxamine (DF) has antimalarial activity that can be demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. This study is designed to examine the speed of onset and stage dependency of growth inhibition by DF and to determine whether its antimalarial activity is cytostatic or cytocidal. Growth inhibition was assessed by suppression of hypoxanthine incorporation and differences in morphologic appearance between treated and control parasites. Using synchronized in vitro cultures of Plasmodium falciparum, growth inhibition by DF was detected within a single parasite cycle. Ring and nonpigmented trophozoite stages were sensitive to the inhibitory effect of DF but cytostatic antimalarial activity was suggested by evidence of parasite recovery in later cycles. However, profound growth inhibition, with no evidence of subsequent recovery, occurred when pigmented trophozoites and early schizonts were exposed to DF. At this stage in parasite development, the activity of DF was cytocidal and furthermore, the critical period of exposure may be as short as 6 hours. These observations suggest that iron chelators may have a role in the treatment of clinical malaria.

scholarly journals Structural comparison of CD163 SRCR5 from different species sheds some light on its involvement in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 infection in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongfang Ma ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Longguang Jiang ◽  
Songlin Qiao ◽  
Xin-xin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Prrs Virus ◽  
Rich Domain ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a serious disease burdening global swine industry. Infection by its etiological agent, PRRS virus (PRRSV), shows a highly restricted tropism of host cells and has been demonstrated to be mediated by an essential scavenger receptor (SR) CD163. CD163 fifth SR cysteine-rich domain (SRCR5) is further proven to play a crucial role during viral infection. Despite intense research, the involvement of CD163 SRCR5 in PRRSV infection remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we prepared recombinant monkey CD163 (moCD163) SRCR5 and human CD163-like homolog (hCD163L1) SRCR8, and determined their crystal structures. After comparison with the previously reported crystal structure of porcine CD163 (pCD163) SRCR5, these structures showed almost identical structural folds but significantly different surface electrostatic potentials. Based on these differences, we carried out mutational research to identify that the charged residue at position 534 in association with the one at position 561 were important for PRRSV-2 infection in vitro. Altogether the current work sheds some light on CD163-mediated PRRSV-2 infection and deepens our understanding of the viral pathogenesis, which will provide clues for prevention and control of PRRS.

scholarly journals Designing of an Advanced Compression Bioreactor with an Implementation of a Low-Cost Controlling System Connected to a Mobile Application

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Gözde Dursun ◽  
Muhammad Umer ◽  
Bernd Markert ◽  
Marcus Stoffel
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Cost Controlling ◽  
Controlling System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tissue Models

(1) Background: Bioreactors mimic the natural environment of cells and tissues by providing a controlled micro-environment. However, their design is often expensive and complex. Herein, we have introduced the development of a low-cost compression bioreactor which enables the application of different mechanical stimulation regimes to in vitro tissue models and provides the information of applied stress and strain in real-time. (2) Methods: The compression bioreactor is designed using a mini-computer called Raspberry Pi, which is programmed to apply compressive deformation at various strains and frequencies, as well as to measure the force applied to the tissue constructs. Besides this, we have developed a mobile application connected to the bioreactor software to monitor, command, and control experiments via mobile devices. (3) Results: Cell viability results indicate that the newly designed compression bioreactor supports cell cultivation in a sterile environment without any contamination. The developed bioreactor software plots the experimental data of dynamic mechanical loading in a long-term manner, as well as stores them for further data processing. Following in vitro uniaxial compression conditioning of 3D in vitro cartilage models, chondrocyte cell migration was altered positively compared to static cultures. (4) Conclusion: The developed compression bioreactor can support the in vitro tissue model cultivation and monitor the experimental information with a low-cost controlling system and via mobile application. The highly customizable mold inside the cultivation chamber is a significant approach to solve the limited customization capability of the traditional bioreactors. Most importantly, the compression bioreactor prevents operator- and system-dependent variability between experiments by enabling a dynamic culture in a large volume for multiple numbers of in vitro tissue constructs.

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