Designing of an Advanced Compression Bioreactor with an Implementation of a Low-Cost Controlling System Connected to a Mobile Application

(1) Background: Bioreactors mimic the natural environment of cells and tissues by providing a controlled micro-environment. However, their design is often expensive and complex. Herein, we have introduced the development of a low-cost compression bioreactor which enables the application of different mechanical stimulation regimes to in vitro tissue models and provides the information of applied stress and strain in real-time. (2) Methods: The compression bioreactor is designed using a mini-computer called Raspberry Pi, which is programmed to apply compressive deformation at various strains and frequencies, as well as to measure the force applied to the tissue constructs. Besides this, we have developed a mobile application connected to the bioreactor software to monitor, command, and control experiments via mobile devices. (3) Results: Cell viability results indicate that the newly designed compression bioreactor supports cell cultivation in a sterile environment without any contamination. The developed bioreactor software plots the experimental data of dynamic mechanical loading in a long-term manner, as well as stores them for further data processing. Following in vitro uniaxial compression conditioning of 3D in vitro cartilage models, chondrocyte cell migration was altered positively compared to static cultures. (4) Conclusion: The developed compression bioreactor can support the in vitro tissue model cultivation and monitor the experimental information with a low-cost controlling system and via mobile application. The highly customizable mold inside the cultivation chamber is a significant approach to solve the limited customization capability of the traditional bioreactors. Most importantly, the compression bioreactor prevents operator- and system-dependent variability between experiments by enabling a dynamic culture in a large volume for multiple numbers of in vitro tissue constructs.

Development of a cost controlling system for an investment and construction project

The study is devoted to substantiating the need to develop a cost controlling system in order to improve the efficiency of investors, developers, customers, general contractors, as well as representatives of the banking system who are directly involved in the implementation of investment and construction projects. The paper summarizes the innovations of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation in the field of determining the cost of construction at the stages of the life cycle of an investment and construction project, and suggests their adaptation to the activities of commercial customers. The factors of the rise in the cost of construction in the modern conditions of the investment and construction sphere are systematized, including topical issues of the rise in cost due to the increase in prices of building materials. The main risks arising from the implementation of the project associated with an increase in cost are highlighted. As the results of the study, stages of construction cost control with a description of their content and a system of cost controlling of an investment and construction project are proposed.

EFECTIVITY OF COST CONTROLLING AND WORKING CAPITAL TURN-OVER OF ECONOMICAL RENTABILITY

Capital adequacy can be done in many ways, such as by owned-self company capital contaied of fee balanced, stock holder’s capital, and both of them. Beside supported by right fullfillment of network capital, in order to develop the company in better ways , the efectivity, efeciency and productiveness will be very influencing the company.The purpose of this research it to knowing the efectivity of capital maintenance, turnover rate of capital networking and economical rentability of PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. and PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk. to determine the effect of cost control and turnover rate capital networking to economical rentability of PT PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. and PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk.From the result of 12 years analysis, the effectivity of cost control of PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. produce an average of 33,8% bigger than PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk. which produce only 30.5%. the working capital turnover of PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. produce an average of 4.99 times much bigger than PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk. which only produce an average of 2.87 times. And for the rentability, PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. produce 23.07% bigger than PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk. which produce an average of 14.5%. the statistic result by using SPSS Ver.20.0 application, explained that the effectiveness effect of OPM’s cost control and working capital tunover to economical rentability of PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. and PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk.For PT. Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. and PT. Perusahaan Perkebunan London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk, are advices in order to press the cost of its operatios and selling cost to gain more profits. Beside that, the companies are advices in order to accelerate their networking capital , so that the companies activities can work properly by increasing its selling chart and press selling cost will gain the profits to maximum.Keywords: cost control effectivity, working capital turnover, economical rentability.

A Simple Method for Cost Estimating and Controlling

Based on software project survey from Standish Group’s “CHAOS Report”, 29% of software projects in large enterprises can be delivered on time and not over budget, 53% of software project were over budget or had some problem with the schedule, and 18% of software project were failed. This means that cost management is very important to prevent the possibility of project’s failure. Therefore, in this paper, we provide and recommend some methods and technique in order to do cost estimation and cost controlling as the crucial part of project cost management. We recommend Activity-Base Costing method for cost estimation and Earned Value Analysis for cost controlling. As the result of this paper, these two methods can be applied properly to real project and ease the project manager to estimate and control the cost of the project.