EXCRETION OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE DURING LACTATION

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Unknown Mechanism ◽  
Nursing Mother ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pooled Samples

ABSTRACT The excretion of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone (FSH, LH) during lactation in women was studied by biological methods in individual and pooled samples of urine. During the first and second postpartum weeks, the FSH activity was low and the LH activity quite high, probably due to contamination with remaining chorionic gonadotrophin. Thereafter the FSH and LH values and the relationship between these hormones did not differ from those found during the normal menstrual cycle. Moreover, an increase in the LH excretion was observed in one nursing mother, though ovulation and menstrual bleeding did not follow. It was concluded, that anovulation and amenorrhoea during lactation might be due to ovarian refractoriness by an unknown mechanism, rather than to gonadotrophic dysfunction.

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON PREGNANEDIOL EXCRETION DURING THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1957 ◽  
Vol 24 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S207
Author(s):  
A. Klopper
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
New Method ◽  
Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New View

Abstract The changes in view on the significance and amount of urinary pregnanediol in the menstrual cycle are reviewed; in particular the effects of the discovery that the adrenals in both sexes normally contribute to the urinary pregnanediol. Pregnanediol excretion during the menstrual cycle was studied by means of a new method of assay (Klopper et al., 1955) and the results applied to present day concepts of the growth and duration of the corpus luteum. The relationship between pregnanediol excretion and ovulation or the onset of menstrual bleeding was studied. A new view is put forward on the influence of age and parity on the production of progesterone by the corpus luteum.

STUDIES ON THE PATTERN OF CIRCULATING STEROIDS IN THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Guerrero ◽  
T. Aso ◽  
P. F. Brenner ◽  
Z. Cekan ◽  
B.-M. Landgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Proliferative Phase ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT In an attempt to analyze the multiple changes and interactions in circulating steroid levels in the peri-ovulatory and peri-menstrual periods, the plasma levels of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone and unconjugated pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, oestradiol and oestrone were assayed daily during a complete cycle in 17 normally menstruating women. In 14 of the 17 subjects studied androstenedione and unconjugated dihydrotestosterone were also estimated. The day of the LH-peak and the first day of menstruation, respectively, were used to synchronize the peri-ovulatory and peri-menstrual plasma levels of the various steroids. With the exception of dehydroepiandrosterone and dihydrotestosterone, the plasma levels of all steroids exhibited significant, but different changes during the cycle. Testosterone levels showed a slight but significant increase around the LH-peak, whereas the levels of pregnenolone and androstenedione were higher in the post-ovulatory than in the pre-ovulatory periods. The levels of oestradiol and oestrone, as well as the ratios of oestradiol to oestrone gradually increased from the low values observed in the early proliferative phase to pre-ovulatory peak values. The relationship between peaks of oestradiol and oestrone and that of LH exhibited great individual variation. The same was true for the individual oestradiol to oestrone ratios. The combination of several steroidal signals did not improve the predictive value of the analyses. However, an increase of individual progesterone values by at least 0.35 ng/ml from the day preceding the LH-peak to the day of the LH-peak was observed in 13 of the 17 subjects. It is suggested that for the early detection of the LH surge and prediction of the subsequent ovulation daily assays of plasma progesterone are of more value than the assay of the other steroids investigated.

OVULATION INHIBITION WITH HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Friedrich ◽  
P. Kemeter ◽  
H. Salzer ◽  
G. Breitenecker
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Basal Body Temperature ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Ovulation Inhibition ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Theca Interna ◽  
Secretory Endometrium

ABSTRACT Eight women with regular menstrual cycles were treated daily during 9 cycles with HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin) 3000 or 5000 IU daily for a period of 4–7 days. This treatment was started between the 1st and the 6th day after the onset of menstruation. Control of the treatment cycles was performed by basal body temperature, pregnanediol serial estimations, endometrial biopsies and in addition in 5 treatment cycles by radio-immunological assay of oestradiol-17β (Oe2), progesterone, LH and FSH from the serum at intervals of 1 to 3 days. In 6 of these cycles where treatment started on the 4th day or later, ovulation was inhibited (2 cycles) or postponed (4 cycles) to the 24th–46th day. In these 6 treatment cycles the progesterone and pregnanediol increase during HCG treatment was poor or absent. The typical Oe2 increase of the normal menstrual cycle was impaired. In the 3 remaining cycles where treatment was started on the 1st, 2nd and 4th day, we observed during HCG treatment increases in Oe2 and progesterone serum values similar to that found during corpus luteum activity, and menstruation from a secretory endometrium between the 13th–19th day of the cycle. The histologically examined ovaries of one woman who was treated with HCG from the 2nd to the 6th day of the cycle showed distinct Iuteinization of the theca interna of all tertiary follicles and a beginning degeneration of the granulosa. These findings give support to the hypothesis that the luteinization of the theca interna leads to degeneration of the tertiary follicles thereby causing ovulation inhibition or postponement of ovulation.

scholarly journals Statistical Evaluation of Coincident Prolactin and Luteinizing Hormone Pulses During the Normal Menstrual Cycle*

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 832-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD K. CLIFTON ◽  
SEZER AKSEL ◽  
WILLIAM J. BREMNER ◽  
ROBERT A. STEINER ◽  
MICHAEL R. SOULES
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Hormone Pulses

Normal and Abnormal Menstruation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Precise Integration ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Primary And Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
The Relationship

Normal reproductive function requires precise integration of hormonal events involving the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and the ovary, with the uterus, vagina, and breast acting as key end organs for ovarian steroid effects. This chapter discusses the physiology of the reproductive system in women; the assessment of reproductive function; and the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of primary and secondary amenorrhea, abnormal vaginal bleeding—including menorrhagia, menometrorrhagia, and hypomenorrhea—and dysmenorrhea. Figures illustrate the relationship between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries in reproductive function and normal menstrual cycle function; an algorithm depicts the evaluation of amenorrhea. Tables list the relative frequency of the causes of amenorrhea and the neuroanatomic causes of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. This chapter has 42 references.

Normal Menstrual Cycle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pierson ◽  
Kelly Pagidas
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

A normal menstrual cycle is the end result of a sequence of purposeful and coordinated events that occur from intact hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian and uterine axes. The menstrual cycle is under hormonal control in the reproductively active female and is functionally divided into two phases: the proliferative or follicular phase and the secretory or luteal phase. This tight hormonal control is orchestrated by a series of negative and positive endocrine feedback loops that alter the frequency of the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), the pituitary response to GnRH, and the relative secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone from the pituitary gonadotrope with subsequent direct effects on the ovary to produce a series of sex steroids and peptides that aid in the generation of a single mature oocyte and the preparation of a receptive endometrium for implantation to ensue. Any derailment along this programmed pathway can lead to an abnormal menstrual cycle with subsequent impact on the ability to conceive and maintain a pregnancy. This review contains 7 figures and 26 references Key words: follicle-stimulating hormone, follicular phase, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteal phase, luteinizing hormone, menstrual cycle, ovulation, progesterone, proliferative phase, secretory phase

Polycystic ovaries in adolescents and the relationship with menstrual cycle patterns, luteinizing hormone, androgens, and insulin

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel H.A van Hooff ◽  
Feja J Voorhorst ◽  
Margriet B.H Kaptein ◽  
Remy A Hirasing ◽  
Corrie Koppenaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
The Relationship
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