Knowledge and practice of nursing mother`s regarding complementary feeding

Complementary feeding is the systemic process of introduction of semisolid or solid food in infant at the right time in addition to mother’s milk in order to provide needed nutrition to the baby. A cross sectional study was conducted from January to December, 2020 to assess the level of knowledge and practice of nursing mothers regarding complementary feeding. Total 177 nursing mother were selected purposively and interviewed with a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Face to face interview was conducted to collect data. P-value less than 0.05 were set as statistically significant. The knowledge and practice score were categorized into good (≥70%), satisfactory (50 to 70%), and poor (≤50%). Out of 177 respondents, majority 109(61.6%) had satisfactory knowledge regarding complementary feeding, 33(18.6%) had good knowledge and rest of them 35(19.8%) had poor knowledge regarding complementary feeding among the nursing mother. On the other hand 62.7% respondents had poor Practices, 24.9% had satisfactory practices and 12.4% had good practices regarding complementary feeding among the nursing mothers. There was highly significant association between knowledge and practice of complementary feeding (p <.000). Nursing mother’s knowledge regarding complementary feeding time was inadequate and practices were inappropriate. . It is the responsibility of health professionals to pass on the current information about proper infant feeding to mothers/care takers for promoting the healthy complementary feeding of the breastfeed child.

Une si tendre critique: L’Afrique des écrivains migrants d’origine congolaise en Belgique francophone

The article is dedicated to the portrayal of Africa in the writings of the French-speaking Belgian writers of Congolese origins. We analyse subjective representations of Africa, both critical and idealized ones, from which emerges a vision of the continent brimming with contradictions. On the one hand, it is an alluring, vast and fertile land with abundant flora and fauna, as well as clime and landscape dearly missed by migrant writers – the land embodying the concept of “paradise lost” or the notion of a nursing mother identified in the migrant writers’ texts with the idea of homeland. On the other hand, although abundant in natural resources, Africa appears to be the continent of extreme poverty, hunger, violence, racism, persecution and ethnic cleansing – the territory still exploited by global powers on which colonialism unveiled its new face defined by a seemingly neutral term – globalization. This dichotomous representation – a far cry from the simplified, impoverished visions of Africa offered by the European media – is conditioned by the specific existential situation of the migrant writers: remaining physically away from Africa, but still having a deep emotional, mental and cultural connection with their land, they are capable of perceiving it in a different light – thus, from a perspective which sharpens critical thinking and with tenderness resulting from the longing for their homeland. Hence, the circumstances of the migrant writers allow them to take an idiosyncratic, ambivalent and intellectually-affective stance – a specific critical tenderness, or: tender critique – through the prism of which the writers depict African realities and change the perception of these realities in the consciousness of the European readers.

Ethnotherapeutic Profile of Medicinal Plants Used during Postnatal Recovery (Postpartum) in South Eastern Nigeria: A Review

Plant derived bioactive constituent has lead credence to usage of medicinal plants namely spices in postnatal recovery in most cultures especially in South Eastern Nigeria. Postpartum is a critical phase leading to recovery for the nursing mother and improved health condition for the new born. Most of these medicinal plants play important role and are used as diet therapy after childbirth to induce contraction of the uterus, energy induction and improve production of breast milk. A systematic and comprehensive review of these medicinal plants for holistic utilization is pertinent. Therefore, this review validates and highlights the health benefits of medicinal plants used during postpartum period in South Eastern Nigeria.

Amamentação cruzada no cenário da precarização do trabalho em saúde: atuação do enfermeiro [Cross-breastfeeding in the scenario of health work precarization: nurse's role] [Lactancia cruzada en el escenario de precarización del trabajo de salud: papel de la enfermera]

Objetivo: investigar a atuação dos enfermeiros frente à amamentação cruzada e correlacionar com a atual questão da precarização do trabalho. Método: estudo qualitativo do tipo descritivo com base metodológica de análise do discurso, realizado com seis enfermeiras da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) por meio de um grupo focal. Resultados: o tema amamentação cruzada é apresentado como um indicador de conflitos ético-profissionais no processo de trabalho, expressando-se nos seguintes aspectos: conhecimento das prescrições de contraindicação, sensação de dificuldade em intervir e transferência à nutriz por qualquer dano à saúde da criança. Conclusão: no cotejo entre esses resultados e uma organização de trabalho com normas e rotinas institucionalizadas, discutem-se como efeitos da não utilização de técnicas de aconselhamento, a fragilização da autonomia da nutriz, de forma imperceptível, reproduzidas por enfermeiros na assistência.ABSTRACTObjective: to investigate nurses’ role related to cross-breastfeeding and to correlate with the current issue of precarious work.Method: descriptive and qualitative study based on methodological discourse analysis, carried out with six nurses from Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) Program through a focus group. Results: cross-breastfeeding topic is presented as an indicator of ethical-professional conflicts in the work process, expressing itself in the following aspects: knowledge of prescriptions of contraindication, feeling of difficulty in intervening and transference to the nursing mother for any harm to the child's health. Conclusion: in the comparison between these results and a work organization with institutionalized norms and routines, we discuss the effects of not using counseling techniques, the fragility of nurses' autonomy, imperceptibly reproduced by nurses in care.RESUMENObjetivo: investigar el papel de las enfermeras relacionadas con la lactancia cruzada y su correlación con el tema actual del trabajo precario. Método: estudio descriptivo y cualitativo basado en el análisis metodológico del discurso, realizado con seis enfermeras del Programa Estratégia de Saúse da Familia (ESF). a través de un grupo focal. Resultados: el tema de la lactancia cruzada se presenta como un indicador de conflictos ético-profesionales en el proceso de trabajo, expresándose en los siguientes aspectos: conocimiento de prescripciones de contraindicación, sensación de dificultad para intervenir y transferencia a la madre lactante por cualquier daño a la madre. salud del niño Conclusão: en la comparación entre estos resultados y una organización de trabajo con normas y rutinas institucionalizadas, discutimos los efectos de no utilizar técnicas de asesoramiento, la fragilidad de la autonomía de las enfermeras, reproducida imperceptiblemente por las enfermeras bajo cuidado.

Breast cancer in a 23-year-old nursing mother – case report

Introduction: Breast cancer is uncommon in women below 35 years of age, and the diagnosis can be delayed due to higher breast density and less attention during clinical examination. Survival in young women is worse than in individuals from an older age group, and treatment may have a greater physical and psychological impact on these patients. This relevant report describes the clinical case of a 23-year-old nursing mother, non-smoker, and without a family history of cancer, who detected a nodule in the left breast during self-examination. She sought medical care after three months due to nodule increase and local pain, which was treated as mastitis. Without improvement, she visited the mastology department, which identified, during clinical examination, a 9 cm, mobile, ill-defined nodule, and negative axillary nodes. Breast ultrasound found two spiculated, heterogeneous nodules, with ill-defined borders in the left upper outer quadrant. Core biopsy revealed an invasive breast carcinoma with luminal B immunophenotype. The patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy with good response, lumpectomy, and sentinel lymph node biopsy. She has been receiving chemotherapy for subsequent radiotherapy and hormone therapy. Objectives: Since currently breast cancer has no proven preventive measure, this work aims at highlighting the importance of raising awareness about the possibility of cancer among young patients for early diagnosis and prompt treatment so as to increase the survival of diagnosed patients. Discussion: Breast cancer is the main death-related neoplasm in the Brazilian female population, representing a challenge for public health. The main risk factors are family history, advanced age, and reproductive characteristics. Studies show that the most common histological type in young individuals is invasive ductal and that this age group has peculiarities concerning risk factors, tumor biology, genetics, prognosis, and social and psychological impact. Classic symptoms, such as breast and axillary nodules and changes in the breast and nipple skin, indicate the need to seek medical help. Treatment is not distinct from that of older age groups, but the diagnostic difficulty warns about the importance of paying attention to any suspicious sign of this disease. Regarding prevalence, breast cancer in young people is rarer than in older individuals, but recurrence is higher. Clinical suspicion can be hindered by the greater breast density and the lack of disease screening among these patients. Conclusion: Early clinical suspicion based on detailed medical history and physical examination contributes to effective diagnosis and therapeutic approach, seeking a better quality of life and higher patient survival.

Vitamins А, С and D — Essential Trio for Infants

Administration of essential vitamins A, C and D in vitamin-mineral complex in common dosage is efficient for immunity formation, harmonious physical and neuropsychic development, rickets prevention. Dosage of components at the physiological daily maintenance in basic vitamin complexes for infants is integral for nursing mother supplementation and fortification of the food used for infant weaning. If necessary, and specifically in immature infants, the basic vitamin complex (vitamins A, C and D) can be extended with other required micronutrients (vitamin D, for example, can be extended up to 1000 ME). It depends on feeding type, intake of vitamin-mineral complexes for nursing mothers, seasonal prevalence, region and many other factors.