TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION AND METABOLIC CLEARANCE RATES WITH VOLUMES OF DISTRIBUTON IN NORMAL ADULT MEN AND WOMEN

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Horton ◽  
J. Shinsako ◽  
P. H. Forsham
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Urinary Metabolite ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Plasma Production ◽  
Normal Males

ABSTRACT The complex aspects of androgen steroid metabolism make it important to investigate the relationship between the production rate of testosterone from analysis of a urinary metabolite and the production rate of steroid in the plasma. The plasma production rate of testosterone was estimated by the product of metabolic clearance rate (M. C. R.) and mean plasma concentration and this was compared with the urinary production rate by analysis of specific activity of a urinary metabolite, testosterone glucuronoside. The M. C. R. following single injection of tritiated testosterone calculated according to the method of Tait was 980 1/d S.D.±120 in 5 normal males and 760 and 840 1 in 2 females. The product M. C. R. and mean plasma testosterone indicates a plasma or inner pool production rate of 6.9 mg/d in normal male and maximum 0.8 mg/d in adult female. The urinary production rate was determined by injection of tritiated testosterone, enzyme hydrolysis of urine, chromatographic isolation of testosterone and its oxidized derivative, and determination of the cumulative specific activity. The urinary production rate was 6.5 mg S. D. ±1.9 in male and 1.9 mg/d S. D. ± 0.9 mg in normal female. 1 % of injected tracer was excreted as testosterone glucuronoside. The plasma production and urinary production rates in the male were quite similar, however the discrepancy in the female suggests that approximately 1 mg of testosterone precursor is converted to testosterone in a second compartment not in equilibrium with plasma testosterone.

Effect of sex difference and pregnancy on the normal reactive hyperemia curve

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. H500-H504
Author(s):  
J. K. Vyden ◽  
T. Takano ◽  
K. Nagasawa ◽  
T. Ogawa ◽  
M. Groseth-Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Males

The 10-min reactive hyperemia reaction was studied in a group of normal males, 10 normal females, 10 females in each trimester of pregnancy, and 10 females 6 wk postpartum. Sex difference had a marked effect on the hyperemic reaction, in that 5 and 15 s after release of circulatory arrest, the mean forearm blood flow in normal males was significantly reduced below that of normal females. During pregnancy there was a shift in the reaction of the pregnant female toward that in the normal male. In the 1st trimester of pregnancy, 5 s after circulatory arrest the mean forearm blood flow was diminished below that of the normal female; in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters at 5 s, the reaction was significantly diminished below that of the normal female. At 6wk postpartum, the reaction was essentially the same as in the nonpregnant female. Although these changes may be explained by a hormonal difference, they portray that there may be a marked difference in vascular reactivity due to sex difference only.

scholarly journals Control of the wax moth Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by the male sterile technique (MST)

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Jafari ◽  
Shila Goldasteh ◽  
Shahram Afrogheh
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Sterile Technique ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Release Ratio ◽  
Wax Moth

In this study we examined the control of wax moth using the male sterile technique (MST) with gamma-rays. To determine the safe and effective dosage of gamma-rays capable of sterilizing male pupae of the wax moth, male pupae were exposed to increasing single doses of gamma-rays (250, 300, 350 and 400 Gy). The release ratio of sterile to normal males was also studied in a similar experiment. Treatments included sterile males, normal males and virgin females at the following ratios: 1:1:1, 2:1:1, 3:1:1, 4:1:1 and 5:1:1. Possible parthenogenetic reproduction of this pest was also examined. The results showed that 350 Gy was the most effective dose capable of sterilizing the male pupae of the wax moth. The best release ratio was established at four sterile males, one normal male for each normal female (4:1:1). Also females were incapable of producing offspring without males.

NORMALAUSSCHEIDUNG VON 17-KETOGENEN STEROIDEN

1965 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-410
Author(s):  
Walther Rindt
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

ABSTRACT Based on 1811 single analyses values for the 24-hour excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids in normal subjects were determined. Of these analyses 843 were performed in normal males and 968 in normal females. All results were statistically evaluated and their diagram compared to a different excretion curve for normal persons. A statistically higher excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids could be demonstrated in normal male subjects as compared to values for normal female subjects. Advantages and disadvantages of the method for estimation of 17-ketogenic steroids in urine as reported by Norymberski et al. are discussed.

FATE OF ANDROSTA-4,16-DIEN-3-ONE AND THE ORIGIN OF 3α-HYDROXY-5α-ANDROST-16-ENE IN MAN

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. L. BROOKSBANK ◽  
D. A. A. WILSON ◽  
D. A. MacSWEENEY
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Healthy Woman ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Plasma Production ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Secretory Products

SUMMARY The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of androsta-4,16-dien-3-one (androstadienone) and the cumulative specific activity (CSA) of urinary 3α-hydroxy-5α-androst-16-ene (androstenol) were measured in two healthy men and in one healthy woman after single intravenous injections of 4-[14C]- or 7α-[3H]androstadienone. Approximate plasma production rates, calculated from the MCR and values for the endogenous androstadienone concentration in plasma pools from six male and six female donors (0·984 and 0·366 μg/l respectively), were 975 and 1341 μg/24 h for the two men and 456 μg/24 h for the woman. The 'production rates' of androstadienone calculated from the CSA of urinary androstenol were 5210, 3730 and 1070 μg/24 h respectively. It follows that urinary androstenol is not uniquely derived from circulating androstadienone and it is concluded that both steroids are secretory products. Alternative sources and precursors of urinary androstenol are discussed. Secretion of radioisotope in the sweat appeared to occur predominantly in the axillae, but was quantitatively no greater than in previous experiments with labelled progesterone and 5-pregnenolone.

THE EFFECT OF EPINEPHRINE ON TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION

1967 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Levin ◽  
Charles W. Lloyd ◽  
Julia Lobotsky ◽  
E. H. Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Double Isotope

ABSTRACT The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and the production rate (PR) of testosterone were measured in four male subjects by the method of constant infusion of tritiated testosterone. The mean value of the MCR of 1161 ± 80 (SD) liters/24 hours was not altered by the infusion of epinephrine, at the rate of 0.466 mg per hour for three: hours. The plasma testosterone concentration was measured by the double isotope method of Riondel et al. (1963). Epinephrine significantly decreased this concentration (28%) and also the production rate (28%) The effect of epinephrine on plasma testosterone concentration was measured in six additional male subjects, and the results of the total of 10 subjects showed that there was a decrease of (28%) in the concentration. It was concluded that epinephrine significantly diminished the production rate of testosterone.

Calcium and the Fc Receptor on Human Platelets

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (03) ◽  
pp. 298-301
Author(s):  
William F Clark ◽  
Gerald J M Tevaarwerk ◽  
Bruce D Reid ◽  
Suzanne Hall ◽  
Anita Caveney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Fc Receptor ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Scatchard Analysis ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Binding Data ◽  
Direct Binding

SummaryWe have described the calcium dependence of the IgG Fc receptor (Fc-R) on human platelets by analyzing the direct binding of radiolabelled Fc fragments, monomers and dimers of IgG. Specific binding to platelets was undetectable at 37° C in a calcium-free preparation but readily detected when calcium was restored. Scatchard analysis of the binding data for the calcium-restored platelets permitted calculation of the available Fc-R and the Ka of binding for the different IgG ligands. The mean Ka of binding for 12 normal subjects varied from 107 to 108 L/M, with an equal receptor number measured by Fc fragments and dimers of IgG, but a lesser amount for monomeric IgG. There was no apparent difference in Fc-R number for platelets from 6 normal male versus 6 normal female subjects.At 4° C binding was detectable for dimers and polymers of IgG in a calcium-free preparation and this was markedly increased with recalcification. Thus, our data are consistent with an Fc receptor population on human platelets whose avidity for binding is significantly enhanced in a calcium-restored medium.

INFLUENCE OF METYRAPONE ON PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF TESTOSTERONE AND ANDROSTENEDIONE IN MAN

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Nilsson ◽  
B. Hökfelt
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Secondary Hypogonadism

ABSTRACT Metyrapone was administered either orally, 750 mg every four h, in a total of six doses, or intravenously 30 mg per kg body weight as a four h infusion. In three males with normal endocrine functions, metyrapone given orally or intravenously induced a fall in plasma testosterone and an elevation of androstenedione within 2–8 h. When metyrapone was administered to a patient given dexamethasone to suppress endogenous ACTH production, the androstenedione levels did not alter whereas the testosterone levels showed a slight, transient decrease. In two normal females metyrapone administration was followed by a marked increase in plasma androstenedione whereas testosterone showed only a minor, gradual increase. In one male patient with Addison's disease the basal plasma testosterone was normal whereas the level of androstenedione was low. Following metyrapone intravenously, there was a slight suppression of plasma testosterone but no change in the androstenedione concentration. In one patient with primary hypogonadism, two with secondary hypogonadism and two with Klinefelter's syndrome the plasma testosterone was low under basal conditions and did not change following metyrapone. Basal plasma androstenedione was within the range for normal males and increased markedly following metyrapone in all the cases.

On a Peculiar Type of Intersexuality in the Guinea-Pig

1927 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-244
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER LIPSCHUTZ
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Testicular Transplantation ◽  
Hereditary Nature ◽  
External Genital Organs

An abnormal condition of the external genital organs in 16 otherwise normal female guinea-pigs is described. They possessed an hypertrophied penis-like clitoris and horny styles similar to those in the intromittent sac of the normal male penis. The abnormalities are often asymmetrical, the clitoris and the horny style on one side being more developed than on the other. They may even be absent on one side. It is suggested that the malformation is a peculiar type of "partial somatic intersexuality," the external genital organs resembling those in the male guinea-pig. The condition is identical with that described in the castrated female guinea-pig experimentally masculinised by testicular transplantation. There was no indication of the ovaries producing simultaneously female and male sexual hormones: (a) The ovaries were histologically normal. (b) The ovaries when engrafted into castrated males produced the typical female hormonic effect on the mammary glands and had no influence on the penis or on the horny styles. (c) The clitoris and the horny styles of the intersexual females were not affected by removal of the ovaries, whereas in the male removal of the testes caused a pronounced regression of the horny styles even in fully grown animals. (d) The horny styles when cut regenerated even after removal of the ovaries; there is never a regeneration in the castrated male, but only in the normal male. The question is discussed whether the described type of intersexuality might be a case of "successive hormonic intersexuality," both kinds of sexual hormones having been produced simultaneously for a certain time whereas at a later stage only female hormones were secreted. The hypertrophied clitoris and the horny styles would then be considered as "fixed" sex characters persisting after the disappearance of the male sexual hormones. The problem of fixation of sex characters by sexual hormones is considered on experimental lines. The facts observed are rather against the suggestion that the intersexuality described is a case of successive hormonic intersexuality. Other possibilities of explaining the morphogenetic basis of this peculiar type of intersexuality are also discussed. The intersexuality described is of an hereditary nature.

In vivo quantification of pulmonary beta-adrenoceptor density in humans with (S)-[11C]CGP-12177 and PET

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ueki ◽  
C. G. Rhodes ◽  
J. M. Hughes ◽  
R. De Silva ◽  
D. C. Lefroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
High Specific Activity ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Tissue Density ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Cgp 12177

The in vivo regional distribution of pulmonary beta-adrenoceptors was imaged and quantified in humans with the hydrophilic beta-adrenoceptor antagonist (S)-CGP-12177 labeled with carbon-11 [(S)-[11C]CGP-12177] and positron emission tomography (PET). Six normal male volunteers and eight patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were studied. PET scanning consisted of transmission (tissue density), C15O (blood volume), and (S)-[11C]CGP-12177 (beta-adrenoceptor) emission scans. High-specific-activity (S)-[11C]-CGP-12177 (7.1 +/- 2.0 micrograms, 6.5 +/- 2.1 GBq/mumol) was given intravenously followed by a low-specific-activity (S)-[11C]CGP-12177 injection (34.0 +/- 4.8 micrograms, 2.3 +/- 0.8 GBq/mumol). Binding capacity (Bmax) was calculated in each region of interest as picomoles per gram by normalizing it to the local extravascular tissue density. In normal subjects, average Bmax for all regions of interest was 14.8 +/- 1.6 (SD) pmol/g, which is similar to previously reported in vitro values. In both groups there were no differences in beta-adrenoceptor density between peripheral and central regions nor between right and left lungs. In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, extravascular tissue density was 24% higher than in normal subjects; Bmax per milliliter thoracic volume was correspondingly higher but was not different from that in normal subjects when expressed per gram tissue (15.8 +/- 2.6 pmol/g). These data suggest that in vivo beta-adrenoceptor density may be quantifiable in humans with the use of PET. This should offer a means to study physiological regulation through repeat measurements.

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