scholarly journals Control of the wax moth Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by the male sterile technique (MST)

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Jafari ◽  
Shila Goldasteh ◽  
Shahram Afrogheh
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Sterile Technique ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Release Ratio ◽  
Wax Moth

In this study we examined the control of wax moth using the male sterile technique (MST) with gamma-rays. To determine the safe and effective dosage of gamma-rays capable of sterilizing male pupae of the wax moth, male pupae were exposed to increasing single doses of gamma-rays (250, 300, 350 and 400 Gy). The release ratio of sterile to normal males was also studied in a similar experiment. Treatments included sterile males, normal males and virgin females at the following ratios: 1:1:1, 2:1:1, 3:1:1, 4:1:1 and 5:1:1. Possible parthenogenetic reproduction of this pest was also examined. The results showed that 350 Gy was the most effective dose capable of sterilizing the male pupae of the wax moth. The best release ratio was established at four sterile males, one normal male for each normal female (4:1:1). Also females were incapable of producing offspring without males.

Effect of sex difference and pregnancy on the normal reactive hyperemia curve

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. H500-H504
Author(s):  
J. K. Vyden ◽  
T. Takano ◽  
K. Nagasawa ◽  
T. Ogawa ◽  
M. Groseth-Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Males

The 10-min reactive hyperemia reaction was studied in a group of normal males, 10 normal females, 10 females in each trimester of pregnancy, and 10 females 6 wk postpartum. Sex difference had a marked effect on the hyperemic reaction, in that 5 and 15 s after release of circulatory arrest, the mean forearm blood flow in normal males was significantly reduced below that of normal females. During pregnancy there was a shift in the reaction of the pregnant female toward that in the normal male. In the 1st trimester of pregnancy, 5 s after circulatory arrest the mean forearm blood flow was diminished below that of the normal female; in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters at 5 s, the reaction was significantly diminished below that of the normal female. At 6wk postpartum, the reaction was essentially the same as in the nonpregnant female. Although these changes may be explained by a hormonal difference, they portray that there may be a marked difference in vascular reactivity due to sex difference only.

TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION AND METABOLIC CLEARANCE RATES WITH VOLUMES OF DISTRIBUTON IN NORMAL ADULT MEN AND WOMEN

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Horton ◽  
J. Shinsako ◽  
P. H. Forsham
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Urinary Metabolite ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Plasma Production ◽  
Normal Males

ABSTRACT The complex aspects of androgen steroid metabolism make it important to investigate the relationship between the production rate of testosterone from analysis of a urinary metabolite and the production rate of steroid in the plasma. The plasma production rate of testosterone was estimated by the product of metabolic clearance rate (M. C. R.) and mean plasma concentration and this was compared with the urinary production rate by analysis of specific activity of a urinary metabolite, testosterone glucuronoside. The M. C. R. following single injection of tritiated testosterone calculated according to the method of Tait was 980 1/d S.D.±120 in 5 normal males and 760 and 840 1 in 2 females. The product M. C. R. and mean plasma testosterone indicates a plasma or inner pool production rate of 6.9 mg/d in normal male and maximum 0.8 mg/d in adult female. The urinary production rate was determined by injection of tritiated testosterone, enzyme hydrolysis of urine, chromatographic isolation of testosterone and its oxidized derivative, and determination of the cumulative specific activity. The urinary production rate was 6.5 mg S. D. ±1.9 in male and 1.9 mg/d S. D. ± 0.9 mg in normal female. 1 % of injected tracer was excreted as testosterone glucuronoside. The plasma production and urinary production rates in the male were quite similar, however the discrepancy in the female suggests that approximately 1 mg of testosterone precursor is converted to testosterone in a second compartment not in equilibrium with plasma testosterone.

scholarly journals Daya Saing Kawin Jantan Mandul Aedes albopictus: Uji Semi Lapang untuk Pengendalian Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD)

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Retno Hestiningsih ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Kurniawan ◽  
Martini Martini ◽  
Nissa Kusariana ◽  
Bagoes Widjanarko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Fertile Female ◽  
Group 10 ◽  
Normal Males

Aedes albopictus is the secondary vector that played an important role in the transmission of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Previous research has examined the exact radiation dose in producing Ae. albopictus sterile males, which is a dose of 60 Gy. Before being applied in the field, a semi-field trial phase is actually needed. This study aims to determine the competitiveness of Ae. albopictus sterile male mating with a semi-field test. This study is a field experiment and used males radiated until becoming a sterile mosquito.  Subject mated to fertile female and divided into 3 groups of samples, the control group (10 normal males and 10 normal females), the test group (10 sterile males and 10 normal females) and the combination group (10 normal males, 30 sterile males, and 10 normal females). Treatment was performed with 3 replications. Tested mosquitoes were placed into the special tent of bugs (bugdoom) with condusive environmental conditions of Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. The results of study showed that there  was significant differences (p ≤ 0.0001) the level of sterility of eggs. The test insect group produced the highest sterile eggs 100% compared to the other groups. Value of Mating Competitiveness (C index) Male Sterile Mosquito Ae. albopictus of 0.34. This showed that for TSM applications in actual conditions, it is required 3 times of the population size of sterile males from the normal male population in the field.

NORMALAUSSCHEIDUNG VON 17-KETOGENEN STEROIDEN

1965 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-410
Author(s):  
Walther Rindt
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

ABSTRACT Based on 1811 single analyses values for the 24-hour excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids in normal subjects were determined. Of these analyses 843 were performed in normal males and 968 in normal females. All results were statistically evaluated and their diagram compared to a different excretion curve for normal persons. A statistically higher excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids could be demonstrated in normal male subjects as compared to values for normal female subjects. Advantages and disadvantages of the method for estimation of 17-ketogenic steroids in urine as reported by Norymberski et al. are discussed.

CHROMOSOME PAIRING, FERTILITY, AND CROSSING BEHAVIOR OF HAPLOIDS OF TETRAPLOID ALFALFA, MEDICAGO SATIV A L.

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Bingham ◽  
C. B. Gillies
Keyword(s):  
Unreduced Gametes ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Stainable Pollen ◽  
Tetraploid Level ◽  
Tetraploid Progeny ◽  
High Degree

Chromosomes paired mainly as bivalents at metaphase in 15 haploids (2n=2x=16) from 10 unrelated stocks of cultivated alfalfa (2n=4x=32). The apparent high degree of chromosome homology and hence autopolyploid chromosome behavior exhibited by the comparatively large sample agreed with that previously reported in independent studies of three other 2x haploids. No gross structural rearrangements of the chromosomes were detected. Haploids produced as much as 50% stainable pollen, but it was only 1-2% germinable in vitro, and they were all effectively male sterile, even when derived from normal male fertile stocks. Two haploids had normal female fertility, whereas forty-eight others were reduced in female fertility in varying degrees. Only four were completely sterile. Since meiosis was normal, the reduction in fertility was due to factors operating postmeiotically. Haploids used as seed parents produced mostly diploid progeny in crosses with diploid M. sativa and M. falcata, and mostly tetraploid progeny in crosses with tetraploids. A few trisomics, other aneuploids, and a pentaploid were also produced. Haploids and diploids derived from them produced a higher frequency of unreduced female gametes than wild diploids. 2x haploids of alfalfa appear to be useful in new approaches to genetic and breeding research, since large numbers can he obtained, they are crossable with wild and derived diploids, and their germplasm can be transferred back to the tetraploid level by unreduced gametes.

Calcium and the Fc Receptor on Human Platelets

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (03) ◽  
pp. 298-301
Author(s):  
William F Clark ◽  
Gerald J M Tevaarwerk ◽  
Bruce D Reid ◽  
Suzanne Hall ◽  
Anita Caveney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Fc Receptor ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Scatchard Analysis ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Binding Data ◽  
Direct Binding

SummaryWe have described the calcium dependence of the IgG Fc receptor (Fc-R) on human platelets by analyzing the direct binding of radiolabelled Fc fragments, monomers and dimers of IgG. Specific binding to platelets was undetectable at 37° C in a calcium-free preparation but readily detected when calcium was restored. Scatchard analysis of the binding data for the calcium-restored platelets permitted calculation of the available Fc-R and the Ka of binding for the different IgG ligands. The mean Ka of binding for 12 normal subjects varied from 107 to 108 L/M, with an equal receptor number measured by Fc fragments and dimers of IgG, but a lesser amount for monomeric IgG. There was no apparent difference in Fc-R number for platelets from 6 normal male versus 6 normal female subjects.At 4° C binding was detectable for dimers and polymers of IgG in a calcium-free preparation and this was markedly increased with recalcification. Thus, our data are consistent with an Fc receptor population on human platelets whose avidity for binding is significantly enhanced in a calcium-restored medium.

scholarly journals Establishing an invertebrate Galleria mellonella greater wax moth larval model of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection

Virulence ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1900-1920
Author(s):  
Aiste Dijokaite ◽  
Maria Victoria Humbert ◽  
Emma Borkowski ◽  
Roberto M La Ragione ◽  
Myron Christodoulides
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Wax Moth

Upregulation of hemolymph and tissue ferritin by dietary HgCl2in the wax moth Galleria mellonella

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Won CHOI ◽  
Dong-Hwan SEO ◽  
Ji-Eun YUK ◽  
Jong-Bae PARK ◽  
Seock-Yeon HWANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Wax Moth

Transgenic expression of gallerimycin, a novel antifungal insect defensin from the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, confers resistance to pathogenic fungi in tobacco

2006 ◽  
Vol 387 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Langen ◽  
Jafargholi Imani ◽  
Boran Altincicek ◽  
Gernot Kieseritzky ◽  
Karl-Heinz Kogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Insect Defensin ◽  
Wax Moth

Abstract A cDNA encoding gallerimycin, a novel antifungal peptide from the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, was isolated from a cDNA library of genes expressed during innate immune response in the caterpillars. Upon ectopic expression of gallerimycin in tobacco, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector, gallerimycin conferred resistance to the fungal pathogens Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sclerotinia minor. Quantification of gallerimycin mRNA in transgenic tobacco by real-time PCR confirmed transgenic expression under control of the inducible mannopine synthase promoter. Leaf sap and intercellular washing fluid from transgenic tobacco inhibited in vitro germination and growth of the fungal pathogens, demonstrating that gallerimycin is secreted into intercellular spaces. The feasibility of the use of gallerimycin to counteract fungal diseases in crop plants is discussed.

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