THE THYMUS INVOLUTION ASSAY OF CORTICOTROPHIN

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Snair
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Thymus Weight ◽  
Thymus Involution ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Males And Females

ABSTRACT The assay of corticotrophin in weanling rats, using the decrease in thymus weight as a criterion of response is described. A straight line was obtained over the range of doses of 120–1920 milliunits* when the log dose was plotted against the thymus weight per 100 g of body weight. A study of the factors affecting the assay has shown that there is no significant difference in response between males and females and that the thymus weight bears a direct relation to body weight over the range used. Multiple injections increased the sensitivity of the animals to corticotrophin but did not affect the precision of the assay. Purified corticotrophin preparations were found to have the same relative potency by the thymus involution method as by other subcutaneous injection assay methods.

scholarly journals Factors affecting velvet antler weights in free-ranging reindeer in Alaska

Rangifer ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander K. Prichard ◽  
Greg L. Finstad ◽  
Drew H. Shain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Julian Date ◽  
Velvet Antler ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Seward Peninsula ◽  
Free Ranging

<p>Free-ranging reindeer on the Seward Peninsula in western Alaska are rounded up from late May to early July and antlers are removed. We used data collected from 1987 to 1997 to determine how velvet antler weights of males and females varied with age, year, reproductive status, Julian date, and body weight. Male antler weights increased with age up to age five years, and were lower in castrates than in bulls. There was a significant positive relationship between body weight and antler weight in both sexes. Female antler weights increased with age until at least age nine. Lactating females had lower antler weights than non-lactating females, but this effect is better explained by differences in body weight. Antler weight of individual reindeer at age two years was better predicted by their antler weights as yearlings than their body weight as yearlings.</p>

scholarly journals Factors affecting gestation length in small sized breeds of dogs.

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinaykumar R. H. ◽  
Gleeja V. L. ◽  
Gleeja V. L. ◽  
Gleeja V. L. ◽  
Gleeja V. L. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Limit ◽  
French Bulldog

A large variation in the gestation length can be expected when the gestation is calculated from the day of mating to birth. The present study was designed to assess the influence of different factors like litter size, breed, parity and age on gestation length in bitches. A total of 89 small sized bitches of different breeds having different age, parity and body weight, were selected for the study. The mean age, body weight and parity of the animals included in the present study were 3.00 ± 0.15 years (1 to 8 years), 9.9 ± 0.25 Kg (6 to 15kg) and 1.14 ± 0.10 (0-4th parity) respectively. The mean gestation lengths observed in different small sized breeds were 60.68 ± 0.55, 59.82 ± 0.54, 60.78 ± 1.74, 58.83 ± 1.35 and 58.17 ± 0.74 in the Pug, Beagle, Dachshund, French Bulldog and the Spitz, respectively. The mean litter size in the study was 4.34 ± 0.13 with a range of 2-8. The mean gestational length in animals having ? 3 litter size was 60.83 ± 0.64 days and 59.90 ± 0.43 days in animals having >3 litter size. Age limit of the animals ranged from 1 to 8 years with a mean of 3 ± 0.15 years. The mean gestation length in bitches aged ?3 years was 60.21 ± 0.23 days (n=63) and this was 60.15 ± 0.3 (n=26) days in bitches in the >3 years group. Mean gestational length observed in nulliparous bitches was 60.86 ± 0.4 days (n=29), while in multiparous bitches it was 59.90 ± 0.5 days (n=60). From the present investigation it could be concluded that no significant difference exists in gestational length between different breeds, litter size, age group and parity.

Abstract P411: Sex-based Differences In A Feline Model Of Hfpef

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah M Eaton ◽  
Remus Berretta ◽  
Jacqueline E Lynch ◽  
Joshua G Travers ◽  
Kathleen C Woulfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Feline Model

Rationale: Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) accounts for approximately 50% of all HF diagnoses with no FDA approved therapies. HFpEF is more prevalent in females versus males, but the mechanisms driving the development of HFpEF as a sex-based disorder are not well understood. We have recently shown that slow progressive pressure overload (PO) in male felines induces a HFpEF phenotype but have not investigated the differences in response to the same physiological stress in females. Hypothesis: Females will develop a phenotype that is distinct from males in response to PO. Methods and Results: Male (m) and female (f) domestic short felines (age 2mo) underwent either a sham procedure (m: n=7; f: n=7) or aortic constriction (m: n=11; f: n=10) using a customized pre-shaped band. At baseline (prior to surgery), there was no difference in body weight between groups and echocardiography revealed no significant difference in the ratio of left atrium to aortic root (LA/Ao), LA ejection fraction (LA EF), left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction, LV wall-thickness, and E/A ratio. At 4mo post-surgery, both males and females developed cardiac dysfunction. Females gained significantly less weight than males throughout the study. Despite the size difference, both sexes developed comparable LV wall thickness and changes in E/A ratio vs. sham groups. There was no change in LV EF. Furthermore, there was a decrease in LA EF and increased LA/Ao, indicating LA dysfunction and enlargement. Invasive hemodynamics at 4mo post-surgery showed no differences between sexes for the systolic pressure gradient generated by the aortic banding. Banded males had a significantly higher LV end-diastolic pressure vs. banded females, but there was a trend towards prolongation of tau and lower dp/dt min in banded females, reflective of worse active relaxation. Both sexes had comparable dP/dt max . There were no differences between banded males and females in heart weight to body weight or cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. Conclusion: Despite similar pressure gradients as a result of PO and the development of similar cardiac hypertrophy between sexes and a higher LVEDP in males, females had a trend towards worse relaxation. Other causes of HFpEF may have sex-based differences.

Flight of the Chinese white pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in relation to sex, body weight and energy reserve

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Chen ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
S.H. Bu ◽  
Z.Q. Tian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flight Distance ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Chinese White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe flight distance, flight time and individual flight activities of males and females of Dendroctonus armandi were recorded during 96-h flight trials using a flight mill system. The body weight, glucose, glycogen and lipid content of four treatments (naturally emerged, starved, phloem-fed and water-fed) were compared among pre-flight, post-flight and unflown controls. There was no significant difference between males and females in total flight distance and flight time in a given 24-h period. The flight distance and flight time of females showed a significant linear decline as the tethered flying continued, but the sustained flight ability of females was better than that of males. The females had higher glycogen and lipid content than the males; however, there was no significant difference between both sexes in glucose content. Water-feeding and phloem-feeding had significant effects on longevity, survival days and flight potential of D. armandi, which resulted in longer feeding days, poorer flight potential and lower energy substrate content. Our results demonstrate that flight distances in general do not differ between water-fed and starved individuals, whereas phloem-fed females and males fly better than water-fed and starved individuals.

SOME EFFECTS OF DESICCATION ON LOCOMOTION OF THE GRAIN BEETLE, SITOPHILUS GRANARIUS (L.) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Barlow ◽  
V. Perttunen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
General Level ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Directional Change ◽  
Locomotion Speed ◽  
Males And Females

Locomotion of Sitophilus granarius (L.) was studied by tracking normal and desiccated individuals at relative humidities (R.H.) of 100%, 77%, and 0%. Desiccation affected the undirected or kinetic components of locomotion, speed, or orthokinesis, and rate of directional change or klinokinesis and also the size of the turns made but the precise effect depended on both the extent of desiccation and prevailing humidity. The most obvious effect of desiccation was an increase in frequency of turning and angular velocity at 0% and 100% R.H. Directed reactions or taxes were also observed in desiccated beetles both in 0% and 100% R.H. Desiccation initially increased the general level of activity, but eventually affected locomotion by decreasing the animal's vigor. Rate of water loss during desiccation was about 13% of initial body weight per period of 24 hours and was almost identical in males and females. There was no significant difference between the sexes in the effects of desiccation on locomotion. The significance of these results is discussed in terms of orientation by individuals of the species to humidity differences in their environment.

scholarly journals Body Weight Effect on Body Image among Gym Users and Non-Gym Users

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidhi Khanna ◽  
Ekant Sharma ◽  
Shashvat Chauhan ◽  
Pragyendu ◽  
Sonal D. Parmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Health Clubs ◽  
Body Image Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Effect ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Body image relates to how a person thinks and feels about his or her own body. Body image plays crucial role for the Indian gym user adults for their physical look. Gym users often are concerned about their physical appearance, dissatisfied with their look and weight, or want to lose weight. The aim of the present study was to find out the difference in body image between adult gym users and non-gym users and to study the impact of weight difference in body image among adults. The sample consisted of 60 gym user adults and 60 non-gym user adults. Gym users were selected randomly from various health clubs of Rajkot city and non-gym users were selected from areas of Rajkot city in Gujarat. Body image scale constructed by Dean Jade was used to measure body image among gym user and non-gym user’s adults. The data was analyzed in terms of mean, SD, and ‘t’test. The result of t-test revealed significant difference in body image between adult gym users and non-gym users. Gym users were more dissatisfied with their body image than non-gym users. Non-gym user males and females had satisfactory body image, whereas gym user males and females had dissatisfaction with their body. Similarly people having more weight were dissatisfied with their body image as compared to people having less weight.

scholarly journals The Feasibility of Ultrasonographic Diaphragmatic Excursion in Healthy Dogs: Effect of Positioning, Diaphragmatic Location, and Body Weight of Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phasamon Saisawart ◽  
Somchin Sutthigran ◽  
Kumpanart Soontornvipart ◽  
Chutimon Thanaboonnipat ◽  
Damri Darawiroj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

Diaphragmatic excursion (DE) has been utilized for detecting respiratory related problems in humans. However, several factors should be considered such as the ultrasound technique and factors intrinsic to patients. Nevertheless, knowledge of the effect of these factors on DE in dogs is still lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proper ultrasound technique by varying postures and diaphragmatic locations for DE measurement and to explore intrinsic factors such as diaphragmatic sides, sex, and body weight of dogs on DE. The prospective, analytic, cross-sectional study included 44 healthy dogs; 12 beagles and 32 dogs of other breeds. The experiment was divided into (i) an exploration of the proper ultrasound technique by varying postures (supine, standing, and recumbent in each of the right and left lateral positions), diaphragmatic locations (middle crus and proximal to the last rib), and diaphragmatic sublocations (xiphoid, mid, and proximal rib) for detection of DE and (ii) the evaluation of canine intrinsic factors affecting DE. The results show that the mid-diaphragmatic sublocation in the middle crus area in almost all positions revealed the highest percentage DE detection. However, DEs were revealed to be more accessible in the supine position. There was no significant difference in DE between the right and the left diaphragms or between the sexes of beagle dogs. However, body weight was significantly correlated with the DE among dogs of various sizes. In conclusion, the posture of the dogs and the diaphragmatic location can affect DE evaluation. Neither sex nor diaphragmatic side had an influence, but body weight was revealed as a major factor in DE in dogs.

Infection levels of proteocephalidean cestodes inCichla piquiti(Osteichthyes: Cichlidae) of the Volta Grande Reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil, relative to host body weight and gender

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Martins ◽  
J. Pereira ◽  
A. de Chambrier ◽  
J.L.P. Mouriño
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Host Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe evaluated the relationship between infection by proteocephalid cestodes and the sex and weight classes of tucunaré (Cichla piquiti) captured between August 1999 and June 2001 in the Volta Grande Reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 96 fish, 75.9 ± 9.3% males and 88.9 ± 6.4% females, were parasitized byProteocephalus macrophallusandP. microscopicus, with total mean intensities of 76.6 ± 23.9 and 145.2 ± 36.7, respectively, during this period. In the majority of the months analysed, males showed 71.4–100% prevalence of parasitism and females 80–100%. Although there was no significant difference, females showed a higher mean intensity of infection (145.2 ± 36.7) than males (76.6 ± 23.9). Fish weighing 300–800 g showed a higher mean abundance of parasites (P < 0.05) compared with the biggest specimens weighing 801–2750 g. Analysing both males and females together, the greatest mean intensities of infection were found in October and December (P < 0.05) independent of the year, which coincides with the months of highest rainfall. These results show that fish living in reservoirs may be more susceptible to intermediate hosts than those that live in rivers.

CHANGES IN OXYGEN UPTAKE AND PEPTIDASE ACTIVITY OF RAT THYMUS DURING GROWTH AND AFTER ADRENALECTOMY

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-502
Author(s):  
Marion K. Birmingham ◽  
Marie-Louise Desbarats
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Peptidase Activity ◽  
Rate Decrease ◽  
Thymus Weight ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Line Relationship

In male Sherman rats there is a straight line relationship between the logarithm of thymus weight and the logarithm of body weight until the animal weighs about 200 gm. With a further increase in body weight the thymus involutes but the extent of involution is extremely variable. The oxygen uptake of thymus suspensions and the maintenance of the respiration rate decrease with increase in body weight, both in the presence and absence of added glucose. Glucose added to the medium has little effect upon the respiration rate of the thymus of young animals but stimulates the respiration rate of the glands as the animals grow older. Thymus suspensions from adrenalectomized and sham-operated rats do not differ in their respiration rate or in their peptidase activity as measured by the ability to hydrolyze glycylglycylglycine.

Determinants of online purchase intention: a PLS-SEM approach: evidence from Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Citra Kusuma Dewi ◽  
Zurina Mohaidin ◽  
Mohsen Ali Murshid
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Personal Innovativeness ◽  
Online Purchase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors affecting consumers' online purchase intention and to explore whether there was any significant difference between the path coefficients for males and females. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 668 Indonesian consumers who were actively using the internet. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and multi-group analysis (MGA) in SmartPLS 3.0 software. Findings Results show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy and personal innovativeness are three influential factors and have a higher path coefficient in both the male and female groups. Anxiety shows a negative and significant relationship with online purchase intention for female consumers than for male consumers. Furthermore, the results of MGA analysis indicate that most factor coefficients in the determinants of online purchase intentions are not significantly different between males and females. Practical implications These results help the web retailers to consider the important factors in their strategies when they make strategic decisions as key factors affecting online buying intention. Besides this, the strong relationship between anxiety and intention for females has important implications for managers and designers should pay attention to this factor when designing the content on their business website. Originality/value Even though several marketing scholars discuss the factors influencing online shopping behavior, a few studies have shown the role of anxiety and personal innovativeness and their effect on online purchasing that fitted as supplements into the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). In addition, so far, no studies have effectively made a comparative analysis across gender, i.e. are personal and UTAUT factors in the determinants of online purchase intention significantly different across gender?

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