CHANGES IN OXYGEN UPTAKE AND PEPTIDASE ACTIVITY OF RAT THYMUS DURING GROWTH AND AFTER ADRENALECTOMY

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-502
Author(s):  
Marion K. Birmingham ◽  
Marie-Louise Desbarats
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Peptidase Activity ◽  
Rate Decrease ◽  
Thymus Weight ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Line Relationship

In male Sherman rats there is a straight line relationship between the logarithm of thymus weight and the logarithm of body weight until the animal weighs about 200 gm. With a further increase in body weight the thymus involutes but the extent of involution is extremely variable. The oxygen uptake of thymus suspensions and the maintenance of the respiration rate decrease with increase in body weight, both in the presence and absence of added glucose. Glucose added to the medium has little effect upon the respiration rate of the thymus of young animals but stimulates the respiration rate of the glands as the animals grow older. Thymus suspensions from adrenalectomized and sham-operated rats do not differ in their respiration rate or in their peptidase activity as measured by the ability to hydrolyze glycylglycylglycine.

THE THYMUS INVOLUTION ASSAY OF CORTICOTROPHIN

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Snair
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Thymus Weight ◽  
Thymus Involution ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Males And Females

ABSTRACT The assay of corticotrophin in weanling rats, using the decrease in thymus weight as a criterion of response is described. A straight line was obtained over the range of doses of 120–1920 milliunits* when the log dose was plotted against the thymus weight per 100 g of body weight. A study of the factors affecting the assay has shown that there is no significant difference in response between males and females and that the thymus weight bears a direct relation to body weight over the range used. Multiple injections increased the sensitivity of the animals to corticotrophin but did not affect the precision of the assay. Purified corticotrophin preparations were found to have the same relative potency by the thymus involution method as by other subcutaneous injection assay methods.

scholarly journals Aquatic Oxygen Uptake of the Freshwater Dual Breathing Featherback, Notopterus notopterus (Pallas) in Relation to Body Weight

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
R. Kumari ◽  
P.K. Roy ◽  
T.K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
B Value ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Notopterus Notopterus

Oxygen uptake (VO2) through the gills in relation to body weight has been studied in Notopterus notopterus at 24.0±1.0ºC under continuous water flow system. With gradual increase in body weight from 5.10 to 122.33 g, the oxygen uptake increased from 1.164-3.975 mlO2.h–1. The log-log plot between the oxygen uptake per unit time and body weight gave a straight line with the slope ‘b’ value of 0.421. The relationship between the two variables was found to be highly significant (r= 0.986; p<0.001). However, the weight specific oxygen uptake decreased from 228.36 to 32.49 with increase in body weight from 5.10 to 122.33 g. A straight line with slope ‘b’ value of   -0.629 was obtained when plotted on log-log coordinates, showing a highly significant negative correlation (r= 0.985; p<0.001).DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4320

Exercise training enhances leg vasodilatory capacity of 65-yr-old men and women

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1804-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Martin ◽  
W. M. Kohrt ◽  
M. T. Malley ◽  
E. Korte ◽  
S. Stoltz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training

To determine whether extremity vasodilatory capacity may be augmented in older persons by endurance exercise training, lower leg blood flow and conductance were characterized plethysmographically at rest and during maximal hyperemia in 9 men and 10 women aged 64 +/- 3 (SD) yr before and after 31 +/- 6 wk of walking and jogging at 70-90% of maximal oxygen uptake for 45 min 3-5 days/wk. Maximal oxygen uptake expressed as milliliters per kilogram per minute improved 25% in men and 21% in women (P less than 0.01). Maximal leg blood flow and conductance increased in all nine men by an average of 39 +/- 33 (P less than 0.001) and 42 +/- 44% (P less than 0.004), respectively. Results were more variable in women and achieved unequivocal statistical significance only for maximal blood flow (+33 +/- 54% for blood flow and +29 +/- 55% for conductance; P less than 0.02 and P = 0.05, respectively). Body weight and skinfold adiposity declined in both sexes (P less than 0.05). Enhancement of vasodilatory capacity was related to weight loss in men and adipose tissue loss in women (r = 0.61 and 0.51, respectively; P less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in exercise capacity, body weight, or maximal blood flow in four male and three female controls aged 66 +/- 4 yr. Thus adaptability of the lower limb circulation to endurance exercise training is retained to at least age 65 yr.

A Method for Bromine Determination in Wool Fabric by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. William Reuter ◽  
Geraldine E. Secor ◽  
Mendel Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Bromine Concentration ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Line Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Bromine is measured in flame-resistant wool fabric by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry with a relative precision of 3 to 8% and relative accuracy of better than 10%. The method computes the bromine concentration from fluorescence measurements of the sample, and a thin film standard, and two measurements of attenuation by the sample. Deviations of 10 to 20% from a straight-line relationship of x-ray counts to bromine concentration are accounted for. X-ray fluorescence is generally useful for routine analyses of bromine in textiles and has advantages over wet chemical analysis.

scholarly journals Vascular responsiveness in adrenalectomized rats with corticosterone replacement

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (5) ◽  
pp. H1274-H1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Darlington ◽  
K. Kaship ◽  
L. C. Keil ◽  
M. F. Dallman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Thymus Weight ◽  
Vascular Responsiveness ◽  
Vascular Sensitivity ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

To determine under resting, unstressed conditions the circulating glucocorticoid concentrations that best maintain sensitivity of the vascular smooth muscle and baroreceptor responses to vasoactive agents, rats with vascular cannulas were sham-adrenalectomized (sham) or adrenalectomized (ADRX) and provided with four levels of corticosterone replacement (approximately 100 mg fused pellets of corticosterone: cholesterol 0, 20, 40, and 80% implanted subcutaneously at the time of adrenal surgery). Changes in vascular and baroreflex responses were determined after intravenous injection of varying doses of phenylephrine and nitroglycerin with measurement of arterial blood pressure and heart rate in the conscious, chronically cannulated rats. Vascular sensitivity was decreased, and resting arterial blood pressure tended to be decreased in the adrenalectomized rats; both were restored to normal with levels of corticosterone (40%), which also maintained body weight gain, thymus weight, and plasma corticosteroid binding globulin concentrations at normal values. The baroreflex curve generated from the sham group was different from the curves generated from the ADRX+0, 20, and 40% groups, but not different from that of the ADRX+80% group, suggesting that the baroreflex is maintained by higher levels of corticosterone than are necessary for the maintenance of the other variables. These data demonstrate that physiological levels of corticosterone (40% pellet) restore vascular responsiveness, body weight, thymus weight, and transcortin levels to normal in ADRX rats, whereas higher levels (80% pellet) are necessary for restoration of the baroreflex.

Differences in Rat Liver Enzyme-Altered Foci Produced By Chlorinated Aliphatics and Phenobarbital

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Story ◽  
Earl F. Meierhenry ◽  
Charles A. Tyson ◽  
Harry A. Milman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peptidase Activity ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Chlorinated Aliphatics ◽  
Preneoplastic Foci

Nine chlorinated aliphatics (CAs)—1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloro ethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, trichloro ethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2- tetrachloroethane, and hexachloroethane—were examined in a rat liver foci assay for evidence of initiating and promoting potential. Young adult male Osborne-Mendel rats (ten/group) were given partial hepa tectomies, followed 24 hr later by a single i.p. dose of either diethyl nitrosamine (30 mg/kg body weight) or CA, 1 wk later either a diet containing 0.05% (w/w) phenobarbital or daily oral gavage (5 × /wk) of CA in corn oil for 7 weeks, and sacrificed 1 wk later. Putative preneo plastic markers monitored were foci with increased γ-glutamyltrans peptidase activity [GGT( + )]. CAs were without significant effect in the initiation protocol at the maximum tolerated dose. In the promotion protocol, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, tetrachloro ethylene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and hexachloroethane induced significant increases in GGT( + ) foci above control levels. Two variants of GGT( + ) foci were distinguishable, one associated predominantly with phenobarbital promotion, resembling preneoplastic foci in other models, and the other associated with CA promotion, which was less intensely stained and exhibited branching, resemblingfoci undergoing redifferentiation. The marked differences in response may relate to differences in cytotoxic potential or mechanism of action of the two types of agents.

The relationship between cirral activity and oxygen uptake in Balanus balanoides

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Newell ◽  
H. R. Northcroft
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Zero Rate ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Balanus Balanoides

The rate of cirral beat of Balanus balanoides is related to the logarithm of the body weight as an exponential function. In any one animal, there is little effect of temperature on cirral activity between 7·5° and 10° C. Between 10° and 20° C, however, there is a rapid increase in cirral beat with temperature followed by a fall at temperatures above 20° C.Balanus balanoides exhibits a fast, medium and zero rate of oxygen consumption. These rates of oxygen consumption correspond with (a) normal cirral beating, (b) ‘testing’ activity with no cirral movement, and (c) with the closure of the mantle cavity. Both of the possible levels of oxygen uptake are related to the logarithm of the body weight in a logarithmic fashion over the temperature range 7·5°–22·5° C. Temperature affects the two rates of oxygen consumption differently. In the slower rate (rate B) there is an increase in the rate of oxygen consumption between 7·5° and 14° C but there is no significant increase in the rate of oxygen consumption between 14° and 22·5 C°.

Cardiorespiratory Function as Assessed by Exercise Testing in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Katoh ◽  
Y Hara ◽  
M Kmvsu ◽  
J Miyaji ◽  
K Nabutaki
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Function ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Exercise testing was used to examine 19 cardiorespiratory diabetes mellitus patients, aged 32 – 68 years (body mass index, 27.8 ± 4.8 kg/m2), and 16 healthy volunteers, aged 23 – 57 years (body mass index, 22.7 ± 2.5 kg/m2). A graded cycling exercise test was done, monitoring gas exchange, ventilation and heart rate. Values were significantly higher in the non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients than in the controls for fasting blood glucose ( P < 0.01), glycosylated haemoglobin ( P < 0.01), body weight ( P < 0.05) and body mass index ( P < 0.05). The exercise testing produced values that were significantly lower in the patients with NIDDM than in the controls for percentage oxygen uptake ( P < 0.05), maximum load ( P < 0.05), maximum metabolic equivalent ( P < 0.01) and maximum oxygen uptake per unit body weight ( P < 0.01). Ventilatory capacity and forced expiratory volume at 1 sec did not differ significantly in the two groups. These results suggest that general fitness is diminished due to reduced cardiorespiratory function in patients with NIDDM.

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