SOME EFFECTS OF DESICCATION ON LOCOMOTION OF THE GRAIN BEETLE, SITOPHILUS GRANARIUS (L.) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Barlow ◽  
V. Perttunen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
General Level ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Directional Change ◽  
Locomotion Speed ◽  
Males And Females

Locomotion of Sitophilus granarius (L.) was studied by tracking normal and desiccated individuals at relative humidities (R.H.) of 100%, 77%, and 0%. Desiccation affected the undirected or kinetic components of locomotion, speed, or orthokinesis, and rate of directional change or klinokinesis and also the size of the turns made but the precise effect depended on both the extent of desiccation and prevailing humidity. The most obvious effect of desiccation was an increase in frequency of turning and angular velocity at 0% and 100% R.H. Directed reactions or taxes were also observed in desiccated beetles both in 0% and 100% R.H. Desiccation initially increased the general level of activity, but eventually affected locomotion by decreasing the animal's vigor. Rate of water loss during desiccation was about 13% of initial body weight per period of 24 hours and was almost identical in males and females. There was no significant difference between the sexes in the effects of desiccation on locomotion. The significance of these results is discussed in terms of orientation by individuals of the species to humidity differences in their environment.

scholarly journals An exertion of enhance milk yield of native Pabna cattle through using different types of calcium salt of fatty acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Yeasmin ◽  
N Islam ◽  
NR Sarker ◽  
N Huda ◽  
A Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

Keeping consideration on increasing quality milk production through addition of conventional fat, an experiment accords CRD design was conducted at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka for a period of 30 days including 5 days of digestibility trial. Twenty lactating Pabna cattle of average 250.1 ± 13.64 kg (Bos indicus) of initial body weight with average milk yield of 2.88 ± 0.38 kg were selected and divided into four groups randomly having five cows in each. The imposed treatments were T0, T1, T2, and T3; in where To= German grass + Concentrate mixture without Ca salt of fatty acid + 2.5 % DCP, T1= German grass + Concentrate mixture + 2.5 % soybean based Ca salt of fatty acid, T2= German grass + Concentrate mixture + 2.5 % mustard based Ca salt of fatty acid and T3= German grass + Concentrate mixture + 2.5% palm-oil based Ca salt of fatty acid. The result showed that, calcium salt of fatty acid influenced to increase of milk yield significantly among (P<0.001) the treatments; in where highest yield gained in T1 (3.53 kg d-1) followed by T2, T0 and T3 (3.33, 2.44 and 2.24, respectively). Besides this, all other parameters analytically examined in this experiment i.e. intake, apparent digestibility, gained body weight and chemical composition of milk showed non-significant difference among the treatments. From the analytical value and discussion, it may be suggested that, calcium salt of fatty acid formulated from soybean oil or mustard oil could be used for enhancing better quality milk yield.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 137-146 (2017)

Feeding of heifers for survival on whole and cracked sorghum grain under simulated drought conditions

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Morris
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Simulated Drought ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Body Energy

Groups of Hereford heifers of a mean (� SE.) body weight 187 � 3 kg were fed in yards a sole ration of sorghum grain + one per cent limestone for 26 weeks. Four groups were fed the equivalent of 1.36 kg of sorghum grain per head per day as either whole or cracked grain at either daily or twice weekly intervals. A fifth group was fed 1.64 kg of whole sorghum grain per head per day which provided a digestible dry matter intake comparable to that of 1.36 kg of cracked grain. When heifers were fed the same quantity of dry matter as whole and cracked grain, the rate of body weight loss of those fed whole grain was significantly greater than that of those fed cracked grain; and the rate of body weight loss of those fed daily was significantly greater than that of those fed twice weekly. With similar intakes of digestible dry matter from whole and cracked grain, there was no significant difference in the rate of body weight loss. Heifers from sub-groups of high initial body weight lost significantly more body weight than heifers from sub-groups of low initial body weight. The whole bodies of three heifers that died from undernutrition contained less than 0.3 per cent ether extract on a fresh weight basis, indicating complete exhaustion of body energy reserves.

scholarly journals Dehydrated cassava co-product in starting piglets feeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2775
Author(s):  
Davi Elias De Sá e Castro ◽  
Paulo Levi De Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Newton Tavares Escocard de Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Jansller Luiz Genova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Different Levels

Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value of a dehydrated cassava co-product (DCC) and its effects on the performance and blood variables of piglets fed with different levels of DCC. In experiment I, a digestibility assay was performed and 30 whole-male crossbred piglets with initial body weight of 18.00 ± 0.673 kg were housed individually in metabolism cages and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with 5 treatments, 6 replicates and one animal per experimental unit. A reference diet was formulated to meet the category nutritional requirements and the different levels of DCC replacement (6, 12, 18 and 24%) were used to replace the reference diet and composed the treatments. In experiment II, 120 piglets (60 whole males and 60 females) were used, with initial body weight of 13.05 ± 1.59 kg, distributed in a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments, 6 replicates and 4 animals per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of five feeds with increasing inclusion levels (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12%) of the DCC. The feed based on corn and soybean meal were formulated to meet the recommended levels in starting piglets feeding. The data were submitted for statistical analysis and, when presenting significant difference, the averages were compared by the Dunnet’s test at 10 % significance. In the digestibility assay, the values of DCC’s digestive energy and metabolizable energy of 3,022 and 2,984 kcal kg -1 in natural matter, respectively, were found. There was no significant effect (p > 0.10) of inclusion levels of DCC on the final weight and daily gain of weight however we observed a quadratic effect (p < 0.10) of the DCC levels on daily feed intake and feed conversion. For the analysis of blood parameters, the results showed that there was no effect (p > 0.10) of DCC levels on glucose and blood urea in the different treatments. The use of the dehydrated cassava co-product can be an energetic alternative to piglets in starting phase and can be used up to 12 %.

Abstract P411: Sex-based Differences In A Feline Model Of Hfpef

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah M Eaton ◽  
Remus Berretta ◽  
Jacqueline E Lynch ◽  
Joshua G Travers ◽  
Kathleen C Woulfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Feline Model

Rationale: Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) accounts for approximately 50% of all HF diagnoses with no FDA approved therapies. HFpEF is more prevalent in females versus males, but the mechanisms driving the development of HFpEF as a sex-based disorder are not well understood. We have recently shown that slow progressive pressure overload (PO) in male felines induces a HFpEF phenotype but have not investigated the differences in response to the same physiological stress in females. Hypothesis: Females will develop a phenotype that is distinct from males in response to PO. Methods and Results: Male (m) and female (f) domestic short felines (age 2mo) underwent either a sham procedure (m: n=7; f: n=7) or aortic constriction (m: n=11; f: n=10) using a customized pre-shaped band. At baseline (prior to surgery), there was no difference in body weight between groups and echocardiography revealed no significant difference in the ratio of left atrium to aortic root (LA/Ao), LA ejection fraction (LA EF), left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction, LV wall-thickness, and E/A ratio. At 4mo post-surgery, both males and females developed cardiac dysfunction. Females gained significantly less weight than males throughout the study. Despite the size difference, both sexes developed comparable LV wall thickness and changes in E/A ratio vs. sham groups. There was no change in LV EF. Furthermore, there was a decrease in LA EF and increased LA/Ao, indicating LA dysfunction and enlargement. Invasive hemodynamics at 4mo post-surgery showed no differences between sexes for the systolic pressure gradient generated by the aortic banding. Banded males had a significantly higher LV end-diastolic pressure vs. banded females, but there was a trend towards prolongation of tau and lower dp/dt min in banded females, reflective of worse active relaxation. Both sexes had comparable dP/dt max . There were no differences between banded males and females in heart weight to body weight or cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. Conclusion: Despite similar pressure gradients as a result of PO and the development of similar cardiac hypertrophy between sexes and a higher LVEDP in males, females had a trend towards worse relaxation. Other causes of HFpEF may have sex-based differences.

THE THYMUS INVOLUTION ASSAY OF CORTICOTROPHIN

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Snair
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Thymus Weight ◽  
Thymus Involution ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Males And Females

ABSTRACT The assay of corticotrophin in weanling rats, using the decrease in thymus weight as a criterion of response is described. A straight line was obtained over the range of doses of 120–1920 milliunits* when the log dose was plotted against the thymus weight per 100 g of body weight. A study of the factors affecting the assay has shown that there is no significant difference in response between males and females and that the thymus weight bears a direct relation to body weight over the range used. Multiple injections increased the sensitivity of the animals to corticotrophin but did not affect the precision of the assay. Purified corticotrophin preparations were found to have the same relative potency by the thymus involution method as by other subcutaneous injection assay methods.

Flight of the Chinese white pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in relation to sex, body weight and energy reserve

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Chen ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
S.H. Bu ◽  
Z.Q. Tian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flight Distance ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Chinese White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe flight distance, flight time and individual flight activities of males and females of Dendroctonus armandi were recorded during 96-h flight trials using a flight mill system. The body weight, glucose, glycogen and lipid content of four treatments (naturally emerged, starved, phloem-fed and water-fed) were compared among pre-flight, post-flight and unflown controls. There was no significant difference between males and females in total flight distance and flight time in a given 24-h period. The flight distance and flight time of females showed a significant linear decline as the tethered flying continued, but the sustained flight ability of females was better than that of males. The females had higher glycogen and lipid content than the males; however, there was no significant difference between both sexes in glucose content. Water-feeding and phloem-feeding had significant effects on longevity, survival days and flight potential of D. armandi, which resulted in longer feeding days, poorer flight potential and lower energy substrate content. Our results demonstrate that flight distances in general do not differ between water-fed and starved individuals, whereas phloem-fed females and males fly better than water-fed and starved individuals.

scholarly journals Sex-Related Differences in Hematological Parameters and Organosomatic Indices of Oreochromis niloticus Exposed to Aflatoxin B1 Diet

Scientifica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Marijani ◽  
Johnson Nasimolo ◽  
Emmanuel Kigadye ◽  
Gbemenou Joselin Benoit Gnonlonfin ◽  
Sheila Okoth
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

A 24-week feeding experiment was conducted to assess whether males and females of Oreochromis niloticus exhibit differences in their hematological responses and organosomatic indices to dietary AFB1 contamination. Triplicate groups of O. niloticus (initial body weight: 24.1 ± 0.6 g) were fed with four diets (Diets 1 to 4) containing 0, 20, 200, and 2,000 μg AFB1 kg−1. A significant decrease (P<0.05) in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), and hematocrit (Hct) was observed in AFB1 exposure groups, with the lowest levels recorded in the 2000 μg AFB1 kg−1 treatment. A significant increase in mean white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, and lymphocytes was observed in AFB1 exposure groups. No sex-related differences in RBC, WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils levels were observed. However, hemoglobin and hematocrit values for female O. niloticus were significantly lower than those for male O. niloticus. Organosomatic indices showed that the relative liver, kidney, and spleen weights were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the AFB1 supplemented group than in the control group. However, the effect of aflatoxin on organosomatic indices does not depend on sex but rather depends on the dose of aflatoxin in the diet. These results provide useful information for monitoring changes in the health status of male and female O. niloticus.

scholarly journals Body Weight Effect on Body Image among Gym Users and Non-Gym Users

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidhi Khanna ◽  
Ekant Sharma ◽  
Shashvat Chauhan ◽  
Pragyendu ◽  
Sonal D. Parmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Health Clubs ◽  
Body Image Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Effect ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Body image relates to how a person thinks and feels about his or her own body. Body image plays crucial role for the Indian gym user adults for their physical look. Gym users often are concerned about their physical appearance, dissatisfied with their look and weight, or want to lose weight. The aim of the present study was to find out the difference in body image between adult gym users and non-gym users and to study the impact of weight difference in body image among adults. The sample consisted of 60 gym user adults and 60 non-gym user adults. Gym users were selected randomly from various health clubs of Rajkot city and non-gym users were selected from areas of Rajkot city in Gujarat. Body image scale constructed by Dean Jade was used to measure body image among gym user and non-gym user’s adults. The data was analyzed in terms of mean, SD, and ‘t’test. The result of t-test revealed significant difference in body image between adult gym users and non-gym users. Gym users were more dissatisfied with their body image than non-gym users. Non-gym user males and females had satisfactory body image, whereas gym user males and females had dissatisfaction with their body. Similarly people having more weight were dissatisfied with their body image as compared to people having less weight.

scholarly journals Dehydrated cassava co-product in starting piglets feeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2775
Author(s):  
Davi Elias De Sá e Castro ◽  
Paulo Levi De Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Newton Tavares Escocard de Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Jansller Luiz Genova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Different Levels

Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value of a dehydrated cassava co-product (DCC) and its effects on the performance and blood variables of piglets fed with different levels of DCC. In experiment I, a digestibility assay was performed and 30 whole-male crossbred piglets with initial body weight of 18.00 ± 0.673 kg were housed individually in metabolism cages and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with 5 treatments, 6 replicates and one animal per experimental unit. A reference diet was formulated to meet the category nutritional requirements and the different levels of DCC replacement (6, 12, 18 and 24%) were used to replace the reference diet and composed the treatments. In experiment II, 120 piglets (60 whole males and 60 females) were used, with initial body weight of 13.05 ± 1.59 kg, distributed in a randomized complete block design with 5 treatments, 6 replicates and 4 animals per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of five feeds with increasing inclusion levels (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12%) of the DCC. The feed based on corn and soybean meal were formulated to meet the recommended levels in starting piglets feeding. The data were submitted for statistical analysis and, when presenting significant difference, the averages were compared by the Dunnet’s test at 10 % significance. In the digestibility assay, the values of DCC’s digestive energy and metabolizable energy of 3,022 and 2,984 kcal kg -1 in natural matter, respectively, were found. There was no significant effect (p > 0.10) of inclusion levels of DCC on the final weight and daily gain of weight however we observed a quadratic effect (p < 0.10) of the DCC levels on daily feed intake and feed conversion. For the analysis of blood parameters, the results showed that there was no effect (p > 0.10) of DCC levels on glucose and blood urea in the different treatments. The use of the dehydrated cassava co-product can be an energetic alternative to piglets in starting phase and can be used up to 12 %.

Infection levels of proteocephalidean cestodes inCichla piquiti(Osteichthyes: Cichlidae) of the Volta Grande Reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil, relative to host body weight and gender

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Martins ◽  
J. Pereira ◽  
A. de Chambrier ◽  
J.L.P. Mouriño
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Host Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe evaluated the relationship between infection by proteocephalid cestodes and the sex and weight classes of tucunaré (Cichla piquiti) captured between August 1999 and June 2001 in the Volta Grande Reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 96 fish, 75.9 ± 9.3% males and 88.9 ± 6.4% females, were parasitized byProteocephalus macrophallusandP. microscopicus, with total mean intensities of 76.6 ± 23.9 and 145.2 ± 36.7, respectively, during this period. In the majority of the months analysed, males showed 71.4–100% prevalence of parasitism and females 80–100%. Although there was no significant difference, females showed a higher mean intensity of infection (145.2 ± 36.7) than males (76.6 ± 23.9). Fish weighing 300–800 g showed a higher mean abundance of parasites (P < 0.05) compared with the biggest specimens weighing 801–2750 g. Analysing both males and females together, the greatest mean intensities of infection were found in October and December (P < 0.05) independent of the year, which coincides with the months of highest rainfall. These results show that fish living in reservoirs may be more susceptible to intermediate hosts than those that live in rivers.

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