scholarly journals Biogradska predromanička skulptura

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Ivan Josipović
Keyword(s):  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Stone Carving ◽  
The Times

This paper analyses the extant pre-Romanesque sculpture from Biograd, classifying it into homogeneous groups based on stylistic and visualmorphological features, and attributing it to various stone-carving workshops active from the last decades of the 8th until the late 9th century. Most of the fragments have been associated with the recently identified atelier called “Workshop of the Plutei of the Zadar Cathedral” and dated approximately to the last decades of the 8th or the very beginning of the 9th century. Some of the remaining fragments have been linked to the stone-carving workshops active in the times of the Croatian dukes Trpimir and Branimir, and thus dated to the middle and the last quarter of the 9th century, respectively. As for the rest of the reliefs, it has only been possible to establish that they show features of mature pre-Romanesque style typical of the 9th century, with three interesting fragments dated to a somewhat later period based on their stylistic features: two of them to the mid-11th and the third to the first quarter of the 12th century. Finally, an analysis and attribution of three fragments of two pilasters that were later re-carved as an architrave, discovered in St Chrysogonus’ church in Zadar, has helped the author to establish a chronological distinction between two early stone-carving productions identified in the broader Zadar region. One of them is the “Workshop of the Plutei of the Zadar Cathedral”, which helps in dating the largest group of pre-Romanesque reliefs from Biograd with greater accuracy.

scholarly journals History and Myth: Mahāmudrā Lineage Accounts in the 12th-Century Xixia Buddhist Literature

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Linghui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Tibetan Buddhist ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Buddhist Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Spiritual Legacy ◽  
History And Myth

Mahāmudrā—an Indo-Tibetan phenomenon of Buddhist spirituality—constitutes in its systematic presentation a path that maps out the mystical quest for direct experience of ultimate reality. Despite the post-15th century bKa’-brgyud attempts at a codified Mahāmudrā genealogy, the early Tibetan sources speak little with regards to how the different Indian Mahāmudrā threads made their way over the Himalayas. To fill this gap, the article investigates, via philological and historical approaches, the lineage accounts in the 12th-century Xixia Mahāmudrā materials against the Indo-Tibetan Buddhist landscape. Three transmission lines are detected. Among them, two lines are attested by later Tibetan historiographical accounts about Mahāmudrā, and thus belong to an Indo-Tibetan continuum of the constructed Buddhist yogic past based upon historical realities—at least as understood by Tibetans of the time. The third one is more of a collage patching together different claims to spiritual legacy and religious authority—be they historically based or introspectively projected. Not only does the Mahāmudrā topography, jointly fueled by these three transmissions, reveal the Xixia recognition and imagination of the Indo-Tibetan Buddhist legacies, it also captures the complexities of the multi-faceted picture of Mahāmudrā on its way over the Himalayas during the 11th/12th century.

Trade and faith in Nubian Early Makuria (AD 450–550): macroscopic examination of personal adornments from el-Zuma in Nubia

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 741-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Then-Obłuska
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Marine Mollusk ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
The Times ◽  
Macroscopic Examination ◽  
Mollusk Shell ◽  
Broad Overview ◽  
Ostrich Eggshell

In the long history of the land between the Third and Fourth Cataracts on the Nile, the period corresponding to the times of Early Makuria is particularly well represented. The el-Zuma tumuli cemetery has been dated to the Early Makuria Phase II (AD 450–550). Although the graves were heavily robbed, the remains of personal adornments (beads, pendants, rings, and an earring) give a broad overview of materials (marine mollusk shell, coral, ostrich eggshell, stone, metal, faience, glass) and techniques applied in their production. A comparative synopsis of contemporary Nubian adornments shows parallels for the objects from el-Zuma. Moreover, the provenance of the materials and manufacturing techniques suggests el-Zuma’s involvement in regional and longdistance exchange during this period. Finally, the presence of a Christian symbol and imported beads in the el-Zuma tumuli is meaningful in itself.

The Progress of Nymphal Development in Pest Grasshoppers (Acrididae) of Western Canada

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Good Chance ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Grasshopper Species ◽  
Nymphal Development ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Successful Reproduction ◽  
The Times

AbstractEach of the three grasshopper species, Camnula pellucida, Melanoplus bilituratus and M. bivittatus, spent approximately 13, 17, 19, 22 and 29% of total time in nymphal development in the successive five instars. These proportions appeared similar at each of the six rearing temperatures 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 and 100°F. The times required for total nymphal development at these temperatures were 53, 36, 28½, 23½, 18 and 17 days, respectively. It was estimated that, for the grasshoppers to complete nymphal development and attain sexual maturity in time to have a reasonably good chance of successful reproduction, their integrated temperature experience for 12-hour days should be not less than 95°F. Whereas the apparent mid-point of nymphal development in terms of morphogenesis is midway through the third instar in the typical five-instar grasshoppers, the midpoint of time spent at constant temperatures is near the end of the third instar. C. pellucida appears unable to complete nymphal development at a temperature as low as 75°F.; the Melanoplus species, however, can complete development at this temperature, but with reduced survival.

scholarly journals The Formation and Evolution of the Spassky Gully in Old Ryazan

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
А.В. Водорезов ◽  
Д.Г. Зайцев ◽  
В.А. Кривцов
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Landslide Activity ◽  
The Third ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Formation And Evolution

По результатам изучения отложений в днище и конусе выноса оврага с учетом датировок артефактов из культурных слоев установлено время заложения и основные этапы развития Спасского оврага, проникшего на городище Старая Рязань. Появление оврага вызвано устройством оборонительного вала и рва Северного городища. Эрозия днища рва и трансформация его в овраг происходила во второй половине XI века и после перерыва во второй половине XII века. Третий этап активного развития оврага и роста его вершин приходится на период между 1732 годом и второй половиной XIX века и был связан с распашкой поверхности городища. Мониторинг эрозионных и оползневых процессов на городище Старая Рязань в период с 1999 по 2019 год позволил выделить период активизации оползневых процессов в 2017–2019 годах, что связано с изменением климатических условий в регионе. The investigation of the bottom sediments and the alluvial fans of the gully and the dating of artifacts found in occupation debris enable researchers to estimate when the Spassky gully (Old Ryazan) was formed and to assess the stages of its evolution. The gully was formed in the process of building a defensive wall and a moat in the northern part of the old town. In the late 11th century and after a considerable lapse of time in the late 12th century through the process of bottom erosion, the moat gradually turned into a gully. The third stage of its evolution is the period from 1732 to the late 19th century when the land was actively ploughed. By monitoring erosion and landslide activity in Old Ryazan in 1999-2019, the researchers managed to single out a period of increased landslide activity in 2017-2019, which can be accounted for by climatic changes in the region.

scholarly journals Forts in Western Vidarbha

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Nalini K. Tembhekar
Keyword(s):  
Military Architecture ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Good Preservation ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
Stone Carving ◽  
The Times ◽  
Complex Architecture ◽  
The Military

<div><p><em>Forts have played a prominent role in the military system of any Kingdom in Medieval Period. So the Bahmanis did much for military architecture as they had powerful enemies on all sides. Gawilgarh and Narnala are the significant forts of Bahmani Sultanate. These forts are regarded as the greatest and most abiding monuments and superior to European forts of the same period (Circa 1350-1500). Grawilgarh and Narnala in Berar are examples of engineering skill and architecture appropriate for mountain strong holds of good taste and lavish expenditure. Combined with elegant stone carving. The carving of the forts gate at Narnala and Gawilgarh are still in good preservation. </em></p></div><em>            Balapur fort was a fair specimen of later Mughal architecture. The fort too was keeping in mind the town’s (Balapur) military responsibilities and position. Balapur hailed as an important military station during the times of the Mughals. Complex architecture used in the fort ensured its safety, as well as eased the discharge of missiles and other ammunition from within the fort rendering it one of the most impenetrable forts in vidarbha region. </em>

scholarly journals THE PECULIARITY OF THE BUILDING PROCESS OF ANCIENT KYYIVAN MONUMENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Natalia Logvyn
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
First Year ◽  
Central Dome ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Byzantine Architecture ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Times

The author investigates the building process of ancient Kyyivan monuments. After the wall foundations were laid, the erection of ground volumes of the edifice began. Wooden scaffoldings were arranged at both sides of a wall. The remains of caffolding preserved in the brick fabric can be seen on the front walls of the Transfiguration Church at Berestove and St. Michael’s Church of Vydubytsky monastery. The height between scaffolding tiers as well as the height of masonry between them varies from 1.3 to 2.2 m in Kyyivan monuments. The situation of red schist cornices in ancient churches is dependent on the abovementioned height of masonry tiers. The cornices are placed at springs of arches and vaults, at the level of the choir gallery floor, at the spring of supporting arches and basement of central dome. The location of cornices hence marked the completion of a certain building period. Being put over brickwork at the end of building period in autumn those cornices protected construction from precipitation during winter season. That is why cornices within the Kyyivan St.Sophia Cathedral have “throats” – grooves which are cut along the underside of cornices as a stringcourses to prevent water from running back across them towards the wall. One can easily determine building periods of the St. Sophia Cathedral according to the cornice levels in it. As far as building period at the times of Old Rus` took approximately six to seven months (from late spring to early autumn), the erection of the St. Sophia Cathedral with its five naves and double galleries was continued through five or six years. Cross-domed churches with three naves were built during approximately three or four years. For example St.Michael’s Church at Vydubytsky Monastery was built to the height of choir gallery during the first year, then to the height of vaults’ and domes’ springing during the second year, after that vaults and domes were completed during the third year. The types of vaults used in ancient Kyyivan architecture were barrel vaults, domes on pendantives and domes on high drums. Widely spread in Byzantine architecture groined vaults were not in use in the Old Rus` building until the middle of the XII century. Also there was a certain consecutive order in erection of parts of a church: at first its central cross-domed volume, then apses, narthex, galleries etc. were built. In a year or two after the edifice was built its walls were covered with plaster and decorated with murals. Building methods applied in the ancient Kyyivan monuments of the XI-th century formed the basis of Old Rus` architecture developed during the following centuries.

scholarly journals Konsep penalaran bayani, irfani dan burhani pada pembelajaran aqidah ahlak dalam pendidikan islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Yayuk Purwati ◽  
Aulia Diana Devi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Curriculum Organization

This paper aims to describe the concept of reasoning bayani, irfani and burhani on the learning of Aqidah Akhlak in Islamic education. aqidah akhlak learning innovations in Islamic education in schools to overcome the growth of children. The direction and purpose of Islamic education is to foster students with early integrity and national loyalty, so that it is necessary to multiply its efforts in the field of science. Some aspects of science that need attention include: First, updating the epistemological method of the history of Islamic civilization and learning from the relevant curriculum organization. Second, the epistemological paradigm reform of Bayani's reasoning aims to be Abid al-Jabiri's trilogy of reasoning, namely Bayani reasoning, Irfani reasoning and Burhani reasoning in the learning of Aqidah Akhlak. All three are very linear reasoning that goes hand in hand but still only bayani is made a top priority. And the third circular linking between the three and all reasoning can complement each other. And thirdly in accordance with the value of global issues in the learning materials aqidah Akhlak, as well as the progress of the times and the complexity of the issues faced by mankind, especially the Muslim community, the issue must be acted on locally but globally. This is a response to the progress of modern architecture, so Islamic religious education in the school is very necessary and needs to be considered its existence.

scholarly journals Byte Is Mightier Than The Sword: Egypt Revolution Of 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kamal ◽  
Pamela Meenalochani
Keyword(s):  
Human Experience ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Human History ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Online Technology ◽  
The Third ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Online Activism ◽  
Planned Community ◽  
Accessible Form

The concept of online activism is as old as human history. The current online technology has simply evolved from the more traditional media known to human experience. It has transcended into an instant, digitized and easily accessible form. Historical facts indicate that the very first planned community action took place in the mid-12th century BC by the Egyptian artisans who carved and painted in the royal tombs and demanded proper pay. On the third day, the royal architects from the court of Pharaoh Rameses, III caved in and gave the workers what they demanded. More than 3,000 years later, that strategy still works. Technology empowered the Arab people to communicate, organize, implement, broadcast, and propel the revolution in many ways never thought to be possible. This is an amazing story.

Gene expression of potential morphogens during hair follicle and tooth formation: a review

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Complex Phase ◽  
Tooth Formation ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mammalian Homologue ◽  
The Times

Early work on the morphogenesis of hairs and teeth was largely descriptive histology and established the times and order of visible initiation of anlagen and their patterns of development. However, in the last 30 years, many growth factors have been discovered; more recently, their expression during morphogenesis has been determined and immunohistochemistry has enabled the visualization of structural elements of organs. This review is concerned primarily with aspects of these recent phases of research with respect to the formation of hairs and, to a lesser degree, teeth. The expression of several growth factors including bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4, the glycoprotein tenascin, the proteoglycan syndecan, and the expression of the mammalian homologue of Notch, cadherins and epimorphin is examined here during the early stages of organogenesis, primarily to review the type of research that should be extended to the organogenesis of wool fibres in Merino sheep. Signal transduction, the third and increasingly complex phase of research that is now rapidly developing, follows the establishment of ligand-receptor complexes during morphogenesis and is included here in a preliminary way.

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