Development of a Jet Fuel Thermal Stability Flow Device which Employs Direct Gravimetric Analysis of Both Surface and Fuel Insoluble Deposits

2009 ◽  
pp. 138-138-13
Author(s):  
DR Hardy ◽  
EJ Beal ◽  
JC Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Flow Device

Thermal gravimetric analysis of in-situ crosslinked nanocellulose whiskers • poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) • polyethylene glycol

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
LEE A. GOETZ ◽  
AJI P. MATHEW ◽  
KRISTIINA OKSMAN ◽  
ARTHUR J. RAGAUSKAS
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Vinyl Ether ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
Methyl Vinyl ◽  
Methyl Vinyl Ether

The thermal stability and decomposition of in-situ crosslinked nanocellulose whiskers – poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) – polyethylene glycol formulations (PMVEMA-PEG), (25%, 50%, and 75% whiskers) – were investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. The thermal degradation behavior of the films varied according to the percent cellulose whiskers in each formulation. The presence of cellulose whiskers increased the thermal stability of the PMVEMA-PEG matrix.

JP-8+100: The Development of High-Thermal-Stability Jet Fuel

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Heneghan ◽  
S. Zabarnick ◽  
D. R. Ballal ◽  
W. E. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
High Thermal Stability ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Additive Package ◽  
Primary Coolant ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Current Availability ◽  
Strategic Factors

Jet fuel requirements have evolved over the years as a balance of the demands placed by advanced aircraft performance (technological need), fuel cost (economic factors), and fuel availability (strategic factors). In a modern aircraft, the jet fuel not only provides the propulsive energy for flight, but also is the primary coolant for aircraft and engine subsystems. To meet the evolving challenge of improving the cooling potential of jet fuel while maintaining the current availability at a minimal price increase, the U.S. Air Force, industry, and academia have teamed to develop an additive package for JP-8 fuels. This paper describes the development of an additive package for JP-8, to produce “JP-8+100.” This new fuel offers a 55°C (100°F) increase in the bulk maximum temperature (from 325°F to 425°F) and improves the heat sink capability by 50 percent. Major advances made during the development of JP-8+100 fuel include the development of several new quantitative fuel analysis tests, a free radical theory of autooxidation, adaptation of new chemistry models to computational fluid dynamics programs, and a nonparametric statistical analysis to evaluate thermal stability. Hundreds of additives were tested for effectiveness, and a package of additives was then formulated for JP-8 fuel. This package has been tested for fuel system materials compatibility and general fuel applicability. To date, the flight testing has shown an improvement in thermal stability of JP-8 fuel. This improvement has resulted in a significant reduction in fuel-related maintenance costs and a threefold increase in mean time between fuel-related failures. In this manner, a novel high-thermal-stability jet fuel for the 21st century has been successfully developed.

Synthesis of Formaldehyde Free Amino Resin to Produce Green Eco-Labelled Leather with Improved Retanning Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naveed Ashraf ◽  
Shahzad Maqsood Khan ◽  
Shahid Munir ◽  
Rashid Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Sulfanilic Acid ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Melamine Resin ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Formaldehyde Content ◽  
Leather Processing ◽  
Percentage Efficiency

Formaldehyde has many applications in the chemical industry including synthesis of amino resins which are used in leather processing. After application in leather, these resins are hydrolyzed under certain conditions to release free formaldehyde which has high environmental concerns due to its proven carcinogenic effects. The objective of this work is to develop a formaldehyde free melamine-based resin to produce green leather with improved retanning properties and thermal stability. The optimum melamine resin was synthesized by condensing melamine with glyoxal instead of formaldehyde. Further, the water solubility and improved thermal stability of synthesized melamine resins were achieved by introduction of sulfanilic acid in resin structure. Synthesized resin was used in leather retanning in comparison with commercially available melamine resin as a control. Both leathers were tested for mechanical properties, organoleptic properties, grain surface and fiber structure analysis. Comparative free formaldehyde content was measured in resultant leathers. Effluents of retanning baths were comparatively analyzed. Optimum resin was also characterized by thermo gravimetric analysis and FTIR. The results of this study showed that the experimental resin has imparted significant improvement in mechanical and organoleptic properties of leather as compared to the control resin. Analysis of free formaldehyde content confirmed the absence of free formaldehyde in leather treated with optimum resin while 141 mg/kg formaldehyde was detected in leather treated with control resin. Free formaldehyde was also absent in effluent of experimental resin while 305 mg/kg formaldehyde was detected in effluent of control resin. Moreover, percentage efficiency in COD, TDS and TSS load of effluent was observed as 9.62, 7.2 and 6.31 respectively.  Resultant leather was free from formaldehyde making it safe for human along with reduction in pollution load of tannery.  

JP-8+100 - The development of high thermal stability jet fuel

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Heneghan ◽  
S. Zabarnick ◽  
D. Ballal ◽  
W. Harrison, III
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
High Thermal Stability

scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization and Performance Properties of Polydodecylmethylsilsesquioxane Nanoparticles

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Fuquan Deng ◽  
Hua Jin ◽  
Wei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Laser Scattering ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
X Ray

A series of polydodecylmethylsilsesquioxane (PDMSQ) nanocomposite latexes were prepared via emulsion polymerization of methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) and sodium hydroxide as the catalyst, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate/Tween 80 as the mixed emulsifiers. Effects of the emulsifier doses, the reaction temperature, the catalyst concentration and the oil/water ratio on the particle size and distribution of the PDMSQ nanoparticles were discussed. Particle size and micromorphology, structure, thermal stability, crystallinity and hydrophobicity of PDMSQ nanoparticles (PDMSQ NPs) were investigated by dynamic laser scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), silicon-nuclear magnetic resonance (28Si-NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angle tester. Results showed that a series of PDMSQ NPs could be obtained with an average particle size of less than 80 nm and narrow distribution as well as spherical structure under the optimal process conditions. PDMSQ NPs exhibited excellent thermal stability and were mainly amorphous but also contained some crystal structures. Importantly, the static water contact angles (WCAs) on its latex films were larger than 150° and the WCAs hysteresis were less than 10°, thus those PDMSQ nanocomposite latexes show potential in the field of superhydrophobic coatings.

scholarly journals The Thermal Properties of Polyurethane/Neoprene Blends on Prosthetic Foot

2020 ◽  
Vol 990 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Mohd Zulkifli Mohamad Noor ◽  
Mohamad Anas Mohd Azmi ◽  
Mohd Shaiful Zaidi Mad Desa ◽  
Mohd Bijarimi Mat Piah ◽  
Azizan Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
New Material ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Neoprene reinforced polymer has become an attraction in current research and development of new material blend. In this invention, neoprene was chosen to be enhance to polyurethane because of their superior properties that possess extraordinary mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal properties on prosthetic foot. In this research, polyurethane was chosen due to good rigidity, easy processing and low cost. The reinforcement polyurethane with neoprene is expected to improve the properties of polyurethane. The objective of this research was conducted to investigate the effect of neoprene contents on thermal properties of polyurethane reinforced neoprene on prosthetic foot. The effect of neoprene on thermal properties neoprene reinforced polyurethane was analysed in term of its thermal stability by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Moreover, the visual of small topographic details on the surface of polyurethane/neoprene blends will be examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on result, the thermal properties show the great enhancement at high neoprene contents which is 1.0wt%. The thermal stability of polyurethane reinforced neoprene improves when the temperature where decomposition starts to occurs are higher than decomposition temperature of pure polyurethane. Then, thermal conductivity of polyurethane shows the great improvement after the addition of neoprene. Lastly, the smooth surface and visible of sheets pattern on surface represent the present of neoprene disperse into polymer that enhance brittleness. Thus, the presence of neoprene has clearly enhanced the thermal stability of the polyurethane. Table 1 shows formulation of neoprene and polyurethane.

Effect of Alkali and Silane Treatment on the Thermal Stability of Hemp Fibers as Reinforcement in Composite Structures

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Lu ◽  
Shubhashini Oza ◽  
Ian Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Silane Treatment ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Natural fiber reinforced composites are being used as reinforcement material in composite system due to their positive environmental benefits. Added to that, natural fibers offer advantages such as low density, low cost, good toughness, high specific strength, relatively non-abrasive and wide availability. However, the low thermal stability of natural fibers is one of the major challenges to increase their use as reinforcing component. In this study, a thorough investigation has been done to compare the effect of two chemical treatment methods on the thermal stability of hemp fibers. 5wt% sodium hydroxide and 5wt% triethoxyvinylsilane was used for the treatment of hemp fibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis were used for characterization of untreated and treated fiber. The results indicated that 24 hours alkali treatment and 3 hours silane treatment time enhanced the thermal stability of the hemp fiber. However, alkali treatment shows better improvement compared to silane treatment.

Synthesis and thermal stability studies of polyaniline/silver nanocomposite based on reduction of silver ions using polyaniline

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 513-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ghorbani ◽  
Mohammad Soleimani Lashkenari ◽  
Hossein Eisazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chemical Polymerization ◽  
Silver Nanocomposite

This study investigated the preparation and properties of polyaniline/silver (PAn/Ag2O) nanocomposite in aqueous media by chemical polymerization of aniline in the presence of ammonium peroxydisulphate as an oxidant. The products were investigated in terms of morphology, chemical structure, thermal stability and thermal degradation using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The results indicated that the properties of products were dependent on the nanocomposite structure.

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