scholarly journals Global Diversity and Local Consensus in Status Beliefs: The Role of Network Clustering and Resistance to Belief Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 611-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Grow ◽  
Andreas Flache ◽  
Rafael Wittek
Keyword(s):  
Belief Change ◽  
Network Clustering ◽  
Global Diversity

scholarly journals The Role of Steps and Game Elements in Gamified Fitness Tracker Apps: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Aatish Neupane ◽  
Derek Hansen ◽  
Jerry Alan Fails ◽  
Anud Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Network Clustering ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Fitness Tracker ◽  
Game Elements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contingent Rewards

This article reviews 103 gamified fitness tracker apps (Android and iOS) that incorporate step count data into gameplay. Games are labeled with a set of 13 game elements as well as meta-data from the app stores (e.g., avg rating, number of reviews). Network clustering and visualizations are used to identify the relationship between game elements that occur in the same games. A taxonomy of how steps are used as rewards is provided, along with example games. An existing taxonomy of how games use currency is also mapped to step-based games. We show that many games use the triad of Social Influence, Competition, and Challenges, with Social Influence being the most common game element. We also identify holes in the design space, such as games that include a Plot element (e.g., Collaboration and Plot only co-occur in one game). Games that use Real-Life Incentives (e.g., allow you to translate steps into dollars or discounts) were surprisingly common, but relatively simple in their gameplay. We differentiate between task-contingent rewards (including completion-contingent and engagement-contingent) and performance-contingent rewards, illustrating the differences with fitness apps. We also demonstrate the value of treating steps as currency by mapping an existing currency-based taxonomy onto step-based games and providing illustrations of nine different categories.

scholarly journals Pre-service teachers' evaluation of belief relevant information on a controversial issue in Āotearoa, New Zealand: Should te reo Māori be compulsory in New Zealand schools?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Una Elizabeth Pania Matthews
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Belief Change ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Belief Scale ◽  
Qualitative Phase

<p>The purpose of this mixed methods study was to investigate the influence beliefs have on pre-service teachers' evaluations of belief-relevant arguments and belief change on a controversial issue. In the quantitative phase, pre-service teachers (n = 23) at a university in New Zealand completed a topic belief-scale on a controversial issue in Āotearoa/New Zealand (i.e., Should te reo Māori be compulsory in New Zealand schools?). Then they read a text that included arguments for and against compulsory Te reo Māori while they thought-aloud (i.e., verbalized their thoughts as they read). After they read, they completed the topic-belief scale again. The quantitative results showed that participants tended to make refutational comments when they read belief-incompatible arguments, whereas they tended to make supportive comments when the read belief-compatible arguments. Further, their beliefs became stronger after they read. In the qualitative phase, interviews were conducted and analysed to explain why some participants' beliefs became stronger, whereas other participants' beliefs did not change. The interview data revealed individual and contextual factors influenced how participants evaluated the text and were related to their beliefs after they read. These data provide important information about the role of individual experiences in preservice teacher beliefs about a controversial topic on cultural responsiveness.</p>

scholarly journals A Mucoralean White Collar-1 Photoreceptor Controls Virulence by Regulating an Intricate Gene Network during Host Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Carlos Pérez-Arques ◽  
María Isabel Navarro-Mendoza ◽  
Laura Murcia ◽  
Carlos Lax ◽  
Marta Sanchis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unknown Function ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Network Clustering ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Fungal Genes

Mucolares are an ancient group of fungi encompassing the causal agents for the lethal infection mucormycosis. The high lethality rates, the emerging character of this disease, and the broad antifungal resistance of its causal agents are mucormycosis features that are alarming clinicians and researchers. Thus, the research field around mucormycosis is currently focused on finding specific weaknesses and targets in Mucorales for developing new treatments. In this work, we tested the role of the white-collar genes family in the virulence potential of Mucor lusitanicus. Study of the three genes of this family, mcwc-1a, mcwc-1b, and mcwc-1c, resulted in a marked functional specialization, as only mcwc-1a was essential to maintain the virulence potential of M. lusitanicus. The traditional role of wc-1 genes regulating light-dependent responses is a thoroughly studied field, whereas their role in virulence remains uncharacterized. In this work, we investigated the mechanism involving mcwc-1a in virulence from an integrated transcriptomic and functional approach during the host–pathogen interaction. Our results revealed mcwc-1a as a master regulator controlling an extensive gene network. Further dissection of this gene network clustering its components by type of regulation and functional criteria disclosed a multifunctional mechanism depending on diverse pathways. In the absence of phagocytic cells, mcwc-1a controlled pathways related to cell motility and the cytoskeleton that could be associated with the essential tropism during tissue invasion. After phagocytosis, several oxidative response pathways dependent on mcwc-1a were activated during the germination of M. lusitanicus spores inside phagocytic cells, which is the first stage of the infection. The third relevant group of genes involved in virulence and regulated by mcwc-1a belonged to the “unknown function,” indicating that new and hidden pathways are involved in virulence. The unknown function category is especially pertinent in the study of mucormycosis, as it is highly enriched in specific fungal genes that represent the most promising targets for developing new antifungal compounds. These results unveil a complex multifunctional mechanism used by wc-1 genes to regulate the pathogenic potential in Mucorales that could also apply to other fungal pathogens.

The role of importance, novelty, and plausibility in producing belief change

1987 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Dean Morley ◽  
Kim B. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Belief Change

THE ROLE OF REASONS IN EPISTEMOLOGY

Episteme ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Kornblith
Keyword(s):  
Belief Change ◽  
Psychological Theories

AbstractThe notion of a reason often plays a central role in epistemological theories. Justification is often explained in terms of the having of appropriate reasons, and a variety of epistemological distinctions are most naturally explained, it seems, by adverting to reasons. This paper examines the extent to which we may, instead, make do without appeal to such a notion. It is argued that the extent to which the notion of a reason should play an important role in epistemological theorizing will depend on how our psychological theories of belief acquisition and belief change are best conceptualized.

Comparing Regional Sustainability and Transportation Sustainability at the Metropolitan Level in the U.S. using Artificial Neural Network Clustering Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110095
Author(s):  
Haiqing Liu ◽  
Na Chen ◽  
Xinhao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Network Clustering ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Regional Sustainability ◽  
Transportation Sustainability ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
The U.S

Regional sustainability and transportation sustainability have been intensely discussed and analyzed in recent decades. Though the use of indicators has been adopted in those models, debates continue on what indicators should be used and how to optimize the number of indicators. This results in the lack of a comprehensive and efficient method to assess and compare the sustainability of a sub-system, such as transportation system, and overall regional sustainability. A thorough literature review is conducted to identify indicators used to assess regional sustainability and transportation sustainability. Then, based on the available data, two sets of indicators for regional sustainability and transportation sustainability are identified and calculated respectively for the 382 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the U.S. A self-organizing map, which is a type of artificial neural network, is used to cluster the MSAs and compare their regional sustainability and transportation sustainability as well as to investigate the relationships among indicators. The results show that MSAs with a higher score on regional sustainability do not necessarily have a higher score on transportation sustainability. Some MSAs that are geographically close to each other have similar scores in regional sustainability and transportation sustainability. These findings provide insights to decision makers that the assessment of sustainability should consider both correlation and heterogeneity of different indicators within a region. Therefore, it is important to develop a comprehensive and efficient method to evaluate the role of sustainability in one urban sub-system, such as transportation, in the overall regional sustainability.

scholarly journals An intersectionality lens is needed to establish a global view of equity, diversity and inclusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rassim Khelifa ◽  
Hayat Mahdjoub
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Global South ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Global Diversity ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
Global View ◽  
Global North ◽  
Level Of Training

Equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) have become essential considerations in different academic fields in recent years, attracting an increasing number of voices and perspectives from different groups. While recent contributions have shed light on the barriers faced by some groups, the concept of EDI and implementation of solutions are still in their infancy in ecology and evolution. There is a clear lack of an intersectionality framework that is more inclusive of the global diversity of researchers. As researchers in ecology and evolution from the Global South and Global North with different backgrounds, we recognize the need to present a global view of EDI in order to highlight the role of intersectionality where researchers from Global South are not only impeded by discrimination, but also by other cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic factors that affect their level of training, ultimately reducing their likelihood of reaching leadership positions. We present a simple model of intersectionality that explains the main drivers of the variation in academic success among researchers, and highlight that most of the variation is determined by factors that individuals have no control over (e.g. place of birth, gender, ethnicity). We recommend measures to increase the representation of the global diversity in the field of ecology and evolution in order to collectively solve global societal and environmental issues.

scholarly journals Pre-service teachers' evaluation of belief relevant information on a controversial issue in Āotearoa, New Zealand: Should te reo Māori be compulsory in New Zealand schools?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Una Elizabeth Pania Matthews
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Belief Change ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Belief Scale ◽  
Qualitative Phase

<p>The purpose of this mixed methods study was to investigate the influence beliefs have on pre-service teachers' evaluations of belief-relevant arguments and belief change on a controversial issue. In the quantitative phase, pre-service teachers (n = 23) at a university in New Zealand completed a topic belief-scale on a controversial issue in Āotearoa/New Zealand (i.e., Should te reo Māori be compulsory in New Zealand schools?). Then they read a text that included arguments for and against compulsory Te reo Māori while they thought-aloud (i.e., verbalized their thoughts as they read). After they read, they completed the topic-belief scale again. The quantitative results showed that participants tended to make refutational comments when they read belief-incompatible arguments, whereas they tended to make supportive comments when the read belief-compatible arguments. Further, their beliefs became stronger after they read. In the qualitative phase, interviews were conducted and analysed to explain why some participants' beliefs became stronger, whereas other participants' beliefs did not change. The interview data revealed individual and contextual factors influenced how participants evaluated the text and were related to their beliefs after they read. These data provide important information about the role of individual experiences in preservice teacher beliefs about a controversial topic on cultural responsiveness.</p>

scholarly journals The role of evolutionary time, diversification rates and dispersal in determining the global diversity of a large radiation of passerine birds

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1612-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianlong Cai ◽  
Shimiao Shao ◽  
Jonathan D. Kennedy ◽  
Per Alström ◽  
Robert G. Moyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Evolutionary Time ◽  
Diversification Rates ◽  
Global Diversity ◽  
Time Diversification
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