scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects of Chronic Administration of Citrus aurantium Essential Oil on the Development of Tolerance and Dependence to Morphine

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Alireza Parvizpur ◽  
Kosar Parnian ◽  
Sama Samankan ◽  
Fatemeh Fathiazad ◽  
Mohammad Charkhpour
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Morphine Tolerance ◽  
Morphine Withdrawal ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Citrus Aurantium

Background: Long-term exposure to opioids may lead to physical dependence and tolerance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Citrus aurantium essential oil (CEO) on the morphine-induced tolerance and dependence. Methods: To evaluate morphine tolerance, the experiments were carried out in 6 rat groups (n=8) in the weight range of 225-275 g. The control group received morphine (10 mg/kg/day) and the test groups received morphine with the different doses of essential oil (CEO 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg/day) or 4 mL/kg of essential oil vehicle (KolliphorÒ HS15 30% in normal saline that adjusted in pH=7.4 with phosphate buffer) intraperitoneally. The hot-plate test was carried out every other day, 90 minutes after the injections. To examine morphine withdrawal, male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n=8) randomly, including: morphine sulphate, CEO (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) + morphine, vehicle of CEO + morphine. The rats were rendered morphine-dependent by injection of additive doses of morphine subcutaneously for 9 days. The procedure of the morphine administration was as following protocol: day1: 5 mg/kg/12h, day 2 and 3: 10 mg/kg/12h, day 4 and 5: 15 mg/kg/12h, day 6 and 7: 20 mg/kg/12h and day 8 and 9: 25 mg/kg/12h. In the 9th day, 2 hours after the last dose of morphine, naloxone (4 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. Some withdrawal behaviors were counted for 60 minutes. Results: Morphine tolerance was completed after 5 days in the control group. The vehicle group showed tolerance on the 9th day (p-value=0.991), 20mg group in the 13th day (p-value to control=0.010, to vehicle=0.049), 40 mg group on the 15th day (p-value to control and vehicle<0.001) and 80 mg group on the 13th day (p-value to control= 0.001, to vehicle= 0.007). The results showed that CEO could reduce the morphine withdrawal syndrome and total withdrawal score (TWS). Intraperitoneally injection of CEO in two doses (40 mg/kg with p<0.001 and 80 mg/kg with p<0.01) significantly reduced the TWS in comparison to the morphine+vehicle treated group. Conclusion: The results indicated that chronic administration of C. aurantium essential oil extracted had beneficial effects in reducing morphine withdrawal syndrome and could significantly delay tolerance to morphine.

Evaluating the Effects of Chronic Administration of Natural Honey on the Development of Dependence on Morphine in the Male Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-293
Author(s):  
Elham Fazli shojai ◽  
Moslem Najafi ◽  
Mohammad Charkhpour
Keyword(s):  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Morphine Dependence ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Natural Honey

Background: According to the previous studies, the exact mechanism of dependence on opioids and withdrawal syndrome has not been fully understood but one of the most important mechanisms is the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CNS. On the other way, previous studies showed that natural honey (NHO) has anti-inflammatory properties. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic administration of natural honey on the development of morphine dependence in male rats. Methods: Honey was prepared from Tarom Oliya region in Zanjan province. Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats weighing 225-275 g, randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8). The study groups included morphine group, the three doses of morphine plus honey group (at doses of 200,400 and 800 mg/kg, i.p.), the morphine plus vehicle group, and the saline group. The subcutaneous injections of additive doses of morphine were used for 9 days to create morphine dependency. On the 9th day, one hour after the morning dose of morphine, naloxone (4 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected, and symptoms of withdrawal syndrome were assessed for 60 minutes. Then, blood samples were taken to measure TNF-α. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to compare the results. P- Value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results of this study showed that intraperitoneal injection of honey at 3 doses (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg with p <0.001) could significantly decrease the total score of the symptoms compared to the morphine-vehicle control group. Natural honey (NHO) could significantly decrease TNF-α at dose of 400 mg/kg. Conclusion: The results indicated that chronic administration of NHO had beneficial effects in reducing symptoms of morphine withdrawal syndrome, and this effect is probably due to the anti-inflammatory effect caused by the polyphenolic compounds in honey.<br />

scholarly journals Alleviation of Morphine Withdrawal Signs but Not Tolerance by the Essential Oil ofKelussia odoratissimaMozaff.

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Rabbani ◽  
Seyed Ebrahim Sajjadi ◽  
Azadeh Izadi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Morphine Tolerance ◽  
Morphine Withdrawal ◽  
Repeated Injection ◽  
Chronic Injection ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Withdrawal Signs ◽  
Morphine Withdrawal Signs

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of chronic and acute treatment of the essential oil (EO) ofKelussia odoratissimaMozaff. on the development of morphine tolerance and dependence in mice. Mice were rendered tolerant to and dependent on morphine by subcutaneous injection of morphine over a period of 5 days. Tolerance was assessed using the tail-pinch test and withdrawal signs of morphine were precipitated by injecting naloxone 2 h after the final morphine injection. Repeated injection of the EO ofK. odoratissima(5 and 10 mg/kg) for 4 days significantly suppressed morphine-withdrawal jumps, a sign of the development of dependence to opiate as assessed by naloxone precipitation withdrawal on day 5 of testing. A single injection (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) of the EO on day 5, 1 h prior to morphine failed to produce any significant change in morphine withdrawal signs. Neither the acute nor the chronic administration of EO of theK. odoratissimadid significantly influence the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine. Alleviation in morphine signs of withdrawal after chronic injection withK. odoratissimais indicative of reversal of neuronal adaptation that takes place during morphine presence in the brain.

The effects of Ascorbic acid on morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1697-1697
Author(s):  
A. Alijarahi ◽  
M. Amini ◽  
M.H. Esmaeili
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Morphine Tolerance ◽  
Morphine Withdrawal ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Synaptic Action ◽  
Morphine Group

BackgroundRecent studies indicate that the glutamatergic and Dopaminergic systems are also involved in morphine tolerance and dependence on morphine and in morphine withdrawal syndrome. Ascorbic acid (ascorbate) which is an antioxidant vitamin released from glutamatergic neurons and modulate the synaptic action of dopamine and glutamate as well as behavior. Since Ascorbate modulate the synaptic action of dopamine and glutamate, in this study the effect of Ascorbate on morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats has been investigated.Objectiveto determine the effects of Ascorbic acid on morphine withdrawal syndrome.Methods30 Male rats (250–300 gr) were tested in this study in two group, The first group as the control group received 3% sucrose in tap water(n = 6) and the second group as the dependent group received morphine (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mg/ml each one for 48 h, and 0.4 mg/ml remaining days to 21st days) and 3% sucrose in tap water (n = 24) , this group divided in to 4 sub groups: ((1) morphine group, [2,3,4] morphine-Ascorbic acid groups which received AA (100,500,1000 mg/kg I.P) every 48h and in the end (21st day) 30 min before naloxone administration for evaluation effects of AA on withdrawal signs.FindingOur results show that: Ascorbate (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg I.P) can greatly attenuates most of morphine withdrawal syndrome(but not all) dose dependently.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of Zhumeria majdae essential oil and its effects on the expression of morphine withdrawal syndrome and tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of morphine on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Azimi ◽  
J. Asgarpanah
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Morphine Tolerance ◽  
Morphine Withdrawal ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effects

Abstract Regarding the proven anticonvulsant effect of Zhumeria majdae essential oil (ZMEO) in previous studies we were prompted to investigate the ZMEO effects on the tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects of morphine and the morphine withdrawal syndrome. Tolerance to the morphine anticonvulsant effect was induced in mice by subcutaneous injection of 2.5 mg/kg of morphine for 4 days. Subsequent doses of ZMEO (20 mg/kg) were used to study the expression and development of morphine tolerance. Clonidine was used as the standard drug to inhibit the morphine withdrawal syndrome symptoms. To study the ZMEO effect on withdrawal syndrome, mice received appropriate morphine values for 4 days and on the fifth day, 60 min before administration of naloxone. The effective dose of ZMEO was determined and the number of jumps, stands and changes in the dry stool weight, as symptoms of withdrawal syndrome were evaluated. The dose of 20 mg/kg of ZMEO decreased the tolerance in development and expression groups significantly. Counting the number of jumping, standing and defecation were assessed 30 min after morphine and 1 h after the vehicle and clonidine. The dose of 40 mg/kg ZMEO decreased all the signs of withdrawal syndrome significantly. ZMEO was analyzed by GC/MS and linalool (53.1%) and camphor (23.8%) were characterized as the main components. The results suggest that ZMEO possesses constituent(s) that have activity against tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects of morphine and the morphine withdrawal symptoms.

scholarly journals Honey potentially mitigates morphine analgesic tolerance and physical dependence in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Siti Norhajah Hashim ◽  
Nasir Mohamad ◽  
Zulkifli Mustapha ◽  
Nor Hidayah Abu Bakar ◽  
Rohayah Husain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Morphine Tolerance ◽  
Morphine Dependence ◽  
P Value ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chronic Morphine ◽  
Analgesic Tolerance

Introduction:Honey has been used traditionally in medicine as well as food supplements. Honeybees are said to be able to cure many diseases. However, its influences on opioid tolerance and dependence have not yet been clarified.Materials and Methods:Adult male Sprague- Dawley rats were rendered tolerant to the analgesic effect of morphine by injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) twice daily for 14 days. To develop morphine dependence rats given escalating doses of chronic morphine. To determine the effect of stingless bee honey on the development of morphine tolerance and dependence. The hotplate and naloxone precipitation tests were used to assess the degree of tolerance and dependence, respectively.The results: Our results showed that chronic morphine-injected rats displayed tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine as well as morphine dependence. Methadone+morphine (MetM), methadone+morphine+ honey (MetMH) and morphine+Honey (MH) significantlylower the development of morphine tolerance with p-value p<0.05. In addition, concomitant treatment of morphine with MH and MetMH attenuated almost all of the naloxone-induced withdrawal signs which include abdominal contraction, diarrhea, pertussis, teeth chattering, and jumping.Conclusion: The data indicate that honey has a potential to reduce tolerant and dependence property.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(1) 2018 p.138-143

scholarly journals Effect of Testosterone Enanthate Modeling of Polycystic Ovary on Liver Irs-2 mRNA Expression in Rats: A Brief Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 0480
Author(s):  
Seyyed Amir Yasin Ahmadi ◽  
Mandana Beigi Boroujeni ◽  
Naser Pajouhi ◽  
Amin Hasanvand ◽  
Afshin Hasanvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Testosterone Enanthate ◽  
Significant Difference

There are many animal models for polycystic ovary (PCO); using exogenous testosterone enanthate is one of the methods of induction of these models. However, induction of insulin resistance should also be studied in the modeling technics. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the expression of insulin receptor substrate (Irs)-2 mRNA in the liver tissue of rat PCO model. Nineteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups; (1) PCO modeling group (N =7) received daily 1.0 mg/100g testosterone enanthate solved in olive oil along with free access dextrose water 5%, (2) vehicle group (N =6), which handled like the PCO group, but did not receive testosterone enanthate, (3) control group (N =6) with standard care. All the animals were administered via intra-peritoneal injection for 14 days. Expression of Irs-2 mRNA was studied with real-time PCR and fold changes (FC) were reported. The average of expression in the control group was considered as the calibrator. About 13.4% expression reduction was found in the PCO group (FC =0.874, P-value =0.043). No significant reduction was found in the vehicle group (FC =0.951, P-value =0.076). However, analysis of variance did not show a significant difference between all the groups of study (P-value =0.085). The present model of PCO might induce insulin resistance at liver level with a low effect size via reduction in the mRNA expression of Irs-2. Study of the involved genes and molecules in other tissues of PCO animal models is suggested.

scholarly journals The Influence of Peppermint Aromatherapy on Reducing Uremic Pruritus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Friska Sembiring ◽  
Siti Saidah Nasution ◽  
Yesi Ariani
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Uremic Pruritus ◽  
Mild Degree

Uremic pruritus is one of the chronic renal failure patients’ complaints, which is an uncomfortable and itchy sensation with multifactorial causes. Peppermint complementary therapy is an essential oil with the main component of menthol (50-60%), which provides a cold sensation to the skin. The instrument used in this quasi-experimental study was demographic data and the 5-D itch scale questionnaire. The total sample was 98 participants. The intervention was carried out by administering topical peppermint essential oil. The results showed that the uremic pruritus scale decreased to a mild degree of 51.0%. After being tested by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney statistical tests, the intervention group had a p-value of 0.000 &lt;p = 0.05 and in the control group there was a p-value of 0.102 so there was an effect of giving peppermint aromatherapy in reducing uremic pruritus. Peppermint aromatherapy is safe to use and is easy to obtain so, therefore, it can be applied topically to improve coping strategies for patients who experience uremic pruritus.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF OXYTOCIN MASSAGE USING LAVENDER ESSENTIAL OIL ON PROLACTIN LEVEL AND BREAST MILK PRODUCTION IN PRIMIPAROUS MOTHERS AFTER CAESAREAN DELIVERY

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
Panglukies Ratna Agustie ◽  
Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Runjati Runjati ◽  
Ariawan Soejoenoes ◽  
Imam Djamaludin Mashudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Breast Milk Production ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
Defecation Frequency ◽  
And Control ◽  
Prolactin Hormone

Background: Low milk production is one of the barries to exclusive breastfeeding. Oxytocin massage is considered as an alternative treatment, which combined with lavender essential oil as an aromatherapy.Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of oxytocin massage using lavender essential oil on the increase of levels of prolactin and milk production in primiparaous mothers after caesarean section.Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with non-equivalent control group design conducted in October-December 2016 at the General Hospital of Dr.H. Soewondo Kendal. There were 32 recruited by consecutive sampling, divided to be intervention (16 participants) and control group (16 participants). Prolactin hormone levels were measured using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA), breast milk production was measured based on the indicators of milk volume, urination and defecation frequency and sleep duration of babies; and infant’s weight was also measured by digital scale. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon test.Results: The mean difference of prolactin hormone level in control group was 17.82 ng / ml while mean of difference of hormone prolactin level in intervention group was 132.13 ng / ml. There were statistically significant differences between intervention and control group in prolactin levels (p-value 0.000), milk volume (p-value 0.000), infant weight (p-value 0.000), urination frequency (p-value 0.017), defecation frequency (p-value 0.002), and infant sleep duration (p-value 0.000).Conclusion: There was a significant effect of the oxytocin massage using lavender essential oil on the increase of breast milk production and prolactin levels. Therefore, oxytocin massage using lavender essential oil can be used as an alternative treatment for midwives and other health professionals in an effort to increase milk production in postpartum.

scholarly journals Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Borago officinalis on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Rabiei ◽  
Zahra Lorigooini ◽  
Mahmoud Rafieian Kopaei
Keyword(s):  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Morphine Withdrawal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Precipitated Withdrawal ◽  
Injection Control

<p class="Abstract">The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of <em>Borago officinalis</em> on morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice. Morphine-dependent group received morphine for nine days and then received naloxone via intraperitoneal injection.  Control group received saline for nine days. Post-treated group received <em>B. </em>officinalis extract intraperitoneally (100 mg/kg) on the day 10 before naloxone injection. Co-treated group received <em>B. </em>officinalis extract intraperitoneally (100 mg/kg) and morphine for nine days and then received naloxone. Extract-treated group received extract for nine days and then received naloxone. Naloxone injection significantly increased the frequency of jumping, blinking, ptosis, defecation, paw trembling, and two-legged standing in comparison to the control group. Co-treatment and post-treatment with <em>B. officinalis</em> extract significantly decreased the withdrawal symptoms. In conclusion, hydroalcoholic extract of <em>B. </em>officinalis significantly attenuated the symptoms of morphine withdrawal syndrome.</p><p><strong>Video Clip</strong>:</p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/TCNzTxZeGjw">Part 1</a>: 8 min 11 sec </p>

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