Efficacy of Gamma Knife radiosurgery in the management of pituitary prolactinoma

Background: Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKR) has been widely used in the management of a variety of intracranial tumors, including pituitary adenomas. Pituitary prolactinoma (Prs) is one of the most common types of these adenomas. Methods: This prospective study included 50 patients with pituitary Prs over a period from June 2017 to June 2018 at the Neurosciences Hospital, Baghdad/Iraq. The GKR procedure was performed using the Leksell Gamma Knife® Perfexion™, 192 beams of Cobalt 60 radiation were delivered through the intact skull to the pituitary Prs. Results: There is a significant female predominance 32 (72%). The results after 6 months of GKR showed significant improvement regarding the size of adenoma, prolactin hormone level, contrast enhancement on MRI, and medical treatment. Conclusion: The study showed that the GKR is a safe and effective modality of treatment in the management of pituitary Prs.

The Effect of the Synergy Between Opiates and Prolactin on the Growth of Chickens

It is generally admitted that opioids can stimulate the release of both prolactin (PRL), the opiates induced hyperprolactinemia via dopamine receptor blockade. Prolactin hormone (PRL) plays an important role in conjunction with some hormones such as GH, PTH, ACTH, and T4 to stimulating body growth. The prolactin hormone has an important role in feeding behavior, as its role is evidenced by its effect on metabolism. In migratory birds, fat is stored in its body before migration, and the hormone prolactin activates the process of building and storing fats lipogenesis and Deposition of Fats. The hypothesis of this study is to investigate the role of natural stimuli such as sound in stimulating peptide hormones in the body and thus weight gain in chickens. 100 birds of 1 day old were used it was divided into two treatments, each treatment with 5 replications. The chicks heard different sounds and it was as follows: the first the control without sound CS, the second hen sound (mother sound) HS. The sound was heard from the one old day to 14 days, at a rate of 3 times a day, in the morning, in the afternoon and at night, for an hour each time. Chicks were raising to 42 day. The hormone was estimated in three stages, before exposure to sound 30 minutes during exposure directly after exposure for 30 minutes, and the prolactin hormone concentration was calculated each time, the results show: Significant increase (P<0.05) in live body weight cumulative, weight gain cumulative, relative growth rate cumulative, and total feed conversion ratio to HS compared with CS. Significant improvement (P<0.05) in the concentration of the hormone prolactin of HS in the period after exposure to sound 30 minutes during exposure directly after exposure for 30 minutes at the age of 14 days (the end of the exposure to the sound of the period). As mentioned above, the opioids stimulate prolactin, but the question here who is responsible for stimulating the opioids? Opioids secretion is linked to the body’s sense of well-being and well-being, as it is secreted naturally to aid in rest and relaxation, and this is often noticed on the organism when it feels safe and comfortable. Chicks, when it hearing her mother’s sound, gives it a powerful stimulus, and they become more active and more and less fearful and amazement. This will release the opioid, which in turn stimulates prolactin. PRL and GH are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland and affect a wide variety of physiological functions in birds. Similarly, a relationship between plasma GH concentration and body growth is well documented. There is a chemical similarity between prolactin hormone and growth hormone, so there is a similarity in biological functions, as prolactin stimulates physical growth and weight gain in birds, reptiles and mammals due to its similarity with growth hormone as the injection of prolactin causes a significant increase in body weight.

The Effectiveness of Oxytocin and Marmet Massage on Increased Prolactin Hormone for Smooth Breastfeeding in Postpartum Mothers in Langsa City Health Office, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: One of the causes of the disruption to the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding is the decrease in milk production experienced by nursing mothers. It is believed that the prolactin hormone and the mother’s perception of breast milk are inadequate. One effort to increase the prolactin hormone is by massaging techniques. This technique has been used by various people in the world for both medical treatment and health care. AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the effectiveness of Oxytocin and Marble Massage on Prolactin Hormone levels for smooth breast milk in postpartum women in the working areas of Langsa City Health Centre. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design method prospective cohort was used with no control group design. Giving oxytocin massage treatment and Mamet massage for prolactin hormone levels for smooth milk. The sample was selected of 32 postpartum mothers who were divided into two groups. The number of samples for each group was 16 postpartum mothers per group. Data analysis used the T-independent statistical test approach for bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that the highest prolactin hormone level in the Massage method was 1178.0 ƞg/ml and the highest prolactin hormone level was 357.9 ƞg/ml, the highest was 357.9 ƞg/ml. The mean prolactin hormone level in the oxytocin massage group was 195.694 ƞg/ml and in the Mamet group was 538.195 ƞg/ml. The average level of the prolactin hormone by the oxytocin massage method was 195.6 ƞg/ml with Std. deviation 106.8 ƞg/ml while the average method for Mamet massage is 538.9 ƞg/ml with Std. deviation 269.6 ƞg/ml. The results of the statistical test Independent T-test obtained Prolactin Hormone Levels for the Smooth ASI value of p = 0.000, then it can be concluded that there are significant differences between the oxytocin and Mamet massage methods. CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference between the oxytocin massage method and Mamet to increase levels of the hormone prolactin in postpartum mothers.

Some Breast Malformations

The breast or milk gland is the largest skin gland, characteristic of the female gender, which is called the whole mammalian genus. It is located on the ventral side of the chest at the border of the bone and cartilage of the fourth rib. Breast is a genetic apocrine skin gland. The female infant’s breast does not differ from the male infant’s breast. One and the other immediately after birth excrete secretion under the influence of prolactin hormone. Until the beginning of puberty, men’s and women’s breasts are developing equally, and then men’s breasts are generally no longer developing while women breasts, under the influence of female sex hormones, develop and its development ends during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Some Breast Malformations

The breast or milk gland is the largest skin gland, characteristic of the female gender, which is called the whole mammalian genus. It is located on the ventral side of the chest at the border of the bone and cartilage of the fourth rib. Breast is a genetic apocrine skin gland. The female infant’s breast does not differ from the male infant’s breast. One and the other immediately after birth excrete secretion under the influence of prolactin hormone. Until the beginning of puberty, men’s and women’s breasts are developing equally, and then men’s breasts are generally no longer developing while women breasts, under the influence of female sex hormones, develop and its development ends during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Analytical study of thyroid and prolactin hormone levels in infertile women with menstrual irregularities

Background: Infertility is the inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy over an average period of one year (in a woman under 35 years of age) or 6 months (in a woman above 35 years of age) despite adequate, regular (3-4 times per week), unprotected sexual intercourse. It is of two types, primary infertility and secondary infertility. It can be due to the woman, the man, or both men and woman. Though there are several factors plays role in the causing infertility, endocrine hormones play a crucial role in it. Among all the hormones, thyroid and prolactin hormone have profound effects on reproduction and pregnancy.Methods: A prospective analytical study was conducted among 200 female patients, of age group 20-40 years, attending the outpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology. Sent for analysis of thyroid profile and prolactin levels. The data of the patients who have been completely followed up after six months was entered in excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS (version 16).Results: In this study the mean age of the study participants were 31.33±4.12 years and 4 of them were below 25 years of age. There is high prevalence of hypothyroidism (23.5%) and hyperprolactinemia (31%) was noted among the infertile females.Conclusions: The assessment of thyroid function and prolactin levels is mandatory in the work up of all infertile women, especially those presenting with menstrual irregularities. Also, early initiation of treatment may help in restoring the fertility among the infertile woman.