scholarly journals Iodine status, and knowledge about iodine deficiency disorders in adolescent school girls aged 14-19 years, 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
Seyed Rafie Arefhosseini ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Elnaz Vaghef-Mehrabany ◽  
Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Rich Food ◽  
School Girls

Background: Adequate iodine intake by women in child-bearing age affects fetus neurodevelopment during pregnancy. A majority of previous studies has investigated iodine status among children, and there is limited data on female adolescents who are more exposed to consequences of iodine deficiency (ID) in their near-future pregnancies; thus, we aimed to assess iodine status, and knowledge on iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) among adolescent school girls (14-19 years old) in Shahriar, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 223 female students selected through multi-stage cluster sampling from 12 schools. Iodine and creatinine concentrations were measured in casual urine samples. Iodine content of household salts was also assessed.Data on intake of salt and iodine-rich food sources were collected applying a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and knowledge about iodine and IDDs were assessed by a questionnaire. Results: Median and Mean (95% CI) concentrations of urinary iodine and creatinine were 129 µg/L, 137.62 µg/L (95% CI: 126.28, 148.95) and 1.72 g/L, 1.86 g/L (95% CI: 0.55-3.17),respectively. The frequency of mild, moderate and severe ID were 22.4%, 14.3% and 0%,respectively; 43.5% had adequate, and 3.1% had excessive urinary iodine levels. Mean saltiodine concentration was 21.69 (SD=10.56) ppm. Mean knowledge score was 12.7 (SD=3.44).About half of the students had a poor (25.1%) or fair (24.2%) knowledge about iodine deficiency.Adjusting for the confounders, no significant positive association was found between knowledge about iodine-rich food sources and goitrogens with urinary iodine excretion. Conclusion: Adolescent girls in Shahriar had relatively poor knowledge of iodine, and about one third of them suffered from ID.

Assessment of Iodine Status in Iranian Students Aged 8-10 Years: Monitoring the National Program for the Prevention and Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoureh REZAIE ◽  
Sepideh DOLATI ◽  
Alemeh HARIRI FAR ◽  
Zahra ≈ Zahra ABDOLLAH ◽  
Said SADEGHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
National Program ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
And Control

Background: Iodine is a key element in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The deficiency of the secretion of them will Reduce IQ, disturbance in the psychomotor growth and shortened height. Urinary iodine is a good indicator of iodine intake status. Urinary iodine status in at-risk groups is one of the most important indicators of community status. Methods: All 56 universities/medical faculties in Iran should determine and report median urinary iodine and its relative distribution in school children aged 8 to 10 yr, to determine the status of urine output. The sample size in each university/college is 240 students and the cluster sampling method (48 clusters in each area in 2016) and based on probability Measurement. The amount of urinary iodine was measured quantitatively by acid digestion. Results: The mean urinary iodine excretion was estimated at 18.61 μg/dl. The median urinary iodine concentration in 52 universities was sufficient, and the national mean of urinary iodine excretion rate was 19.3 μg/dl. The iodine status was estimated in the optimal range in 65.6% of the students and in only 4.7% in the range of moderate and severe deficits, based on the urinary iodine index. Conclusion: Iodine is sufficient in most parts of the country. The implementation of the country’s national program for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders has made more important the quality control of the collaborative laboratories of this program than before. Moreover, it is absolutely essential to avoid excessive iodine in order to prevent possible side effects.

scholarly journals A study to assess the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders in Betul district, Madhya Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3999
Author(s):  
Sudarshan Kushwah ◽  
Akhil R. Nair ◽  
Jeevan Singh Meena ◽  
Shipra Verma ◽  
Harshima Sawlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Neurological Damage ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Background: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) constitute the single largest cause of preventable neurological damage worldwide. Majority of consequences of IDD are invisible and irreversible but at the same time these are preventable. The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of goiter in school children aged 6-12 years, to estimate the urinary iodine excretion and to assess the level of iodine concentration in salt samples obtained from households of selected school children.Methods: Population proportionate to size sampling. Sample size was 90 primary school-going children of age 6-12 years in each selected village, total 2700 from 30 villages/wards in Betul district, Madhya Pradesh, India.Results: The prevalence of goiter among the 6-12 years children was found to be 32.06%. Females had higher prevalence compared to males. Of the 540 salt samples, 370 (68.4%) had iodine concentration ≥15 ppm at household level.Conclusions: IDD is a mild public health problem in Betul district.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on iodine status among pregnant and non-pregnant women of Tripura: a North-Eastern state of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Nilratan Majumder ◽  
Balaram Sutradhar ◽  
Saradindu Riang ◽  
Shib Sekhar Datta
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Background: Due to excess metabolic demand of iodine in pregnancy, pregnant women and lactating mother and their neonates are most vulnerable of iodine deficiency disorder. Urinary iodine excretion is a good marker of recent dietary iodine intake. Thus, present study was conducted to assess the iodine status and median urinary iodine excretion (UIE μg/lit) among pregnant and non-pregnant women of Tripura.Methods: Tribal and Bengali pregnant and non-pregnant women from Bokafa and Jolaibari Block of South Tripura district were included in the study. Urinary iodine excretion was done using simple micro plate method. Salt iodine was estimated using iodometric titration. All the tests were performed at CNRT Lab, ICMR, India.Results: Total number of subjects included in this study was 1071. Total number of urine samples collected from pregnant and non-pregnant women was 538 and 533 respectively. Median value of UIE in pregnant and non-pregnant women of Tripura was 155.0µg/L and 130.0µg/L. In pregnant women percentage prevalence of severe (<20µg/L), moderate (20-49µg/L) and mild iodine deficiency (50-149µg/L) was found in 4.1%, 15.1% and 29.6% subjects. In case of non-pregnant women severe (<20µg/L), moderate (20-49µg/L) and mild iodine deficiency (50-99µg/L) was found in 0.6%, 9.6%, 27.8% subjects respectively. The overall prevalence of iodine deficiency was found in 48.8% pregnant women, compared to 38.0% non-pregnant subjects.Conclusions: Efforts towards universal salt iodization need to be stepped-up in Sub-Himalayan region (NE part of India) and pregnant and lactating mothers may be targeted with alternate iodine supplements (Colloidal Iodine).

scholarly journals Breast Milk Iodine and Iodine Status of Breast-Fed Infants

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Golam Morshed Molla ◽  
M Iqbal Arslan ◽  
Mafruha Tazkin Milky
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: Breast milk is the only source of iodine for exclusively breast-fed infants. Iodine status of breast-fed infants depends on iodine in breast milk and also number of feeding in 24 hours. Iodine deficiency and iodine excess both have bad impact on infant’s health.Objective: To measure the iodine in breast milk and to evaluate iodine status of their breast-fed infants.Materials and method: This observational analytical study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with active cooperation of Kumudini Women’s Medical College Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail involving fifty lactating mothers and their exclusively breast-fed infants. Early morning urine and breast milk samples were collected in dry and clean plastic container free from any chemical contamination. Urinary iodine was used as indicator for assessing iodine status. All statistical analyses were done by using SPSS (statistical programme for social science) 12 version software package for Windows.Results: The median (range) urinary iodine concentration of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants were 225.25 ?g/L (61.50-530.00) and 225.75 ?g/L (100.50-526.00) respectively. The median (range) breast-milk iodine concentration was 157 ?g/L (54.50-431.50) which was more than three times of recommended minimum concentration (50 ?g/L). Only 2 (4%) lactating mothers had mild biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE, 50-99 ?g/L). There was no biochemical iodine deficiency of breast-fed infants. Iodine in breast milk of lactating mothers was positively correlated with their urinary iodine excretion (p<0.01). Infant’s urinary iodine was positively correlated with iodine concentration in breast milk (p<0.01) and with urinary iodine of lactating mothers (p<0.01).Conclusion: Lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants in this study were iodine sufficient. If iodine content of breast-milk is within normal range, 10-12 numbers of feeding in 24 hours for infants is enough to get sufficient iodine from their mother’s milk.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 74-77

scholarly journals Maternal iodine status reflects the iodine status of their breast-fed infants

Mediscope ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
GM Molla ◽  
FH Mollah ◽  
MT Milky ◽  
DK Sunyal ◽  
MI Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Breast Fed

The objective of the observational analytical study was to assess the iodine status of lactating  mothers and their breast-fed infants and to evaluate whether maternal iodine status reflects the  iodine  status  of  their  breast-fed  infants.  The  study  was  carried  out  in  the  department  of  Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with active cooperation of  Kumudini Women’s Medical College Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail involving fifty lactating mothers  and  their  exclusively  breast-fed  infants.  Early  morning  urine  and  breast  milk  samples  were  collected in dry and clean plastic container free from any chemical contamination. Urinary iodine  excretion (UIE) was used as indicator for assessing iodine status. The median (range) urinary  iodine  concentration  of  lactating  mothers  and  their  breast-fed  infants  were  225.3  ?g/L  (61.5-530.0)  and  225.8?g/L  (100.5-526.0),  respectively.  Of  the  mothers,  96%  (48)  had  no  biochemical  iodine  deficiency  (UIE  ?100?g/L),  only  4%  (2)  had  mild  biochemical  iodine  deficiency  (UIE, 50-99?g/L). There was no biochemical iodine  deficiency  of breast-fed infants.  The median breast-milk iodine concentration was 157?g/L which was more than three times of  recommended minimum concentration (50?g/L). Iodine in breast milk of lactating mothers was  positively  correlated  with  their  UIE  (p  <  0.01).  Infant’s  urinary  iodine was positively  correlated  with  iodine  concentration  in  breast  milk  (p  <  0.01)  and  also  positively  correlated  with  urinary  iodine of lactating mothers (p < 0.01). Lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants in this study  were iodine sufficient. Iodine status of exclusively breast-fed infants can be determined by the  iodine status of their mothers.Mediscope Vol. 2, No. 1: 2015, Pages 13-17

scholarly journals The epidemiology of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Yemen

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
AZ Zein ◽  
S Al-Haithamy ◽  
Q Obadi ◽  
S Noureddin
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Zone Ii

AbstractObjectiveThis first nationwide survey was undertaken to estimate the prevalence rates and severity of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and the proportion of households consuming iodized salt.DesignThe country was stratified into two ecological zones and 30 clusters (primary schools) from each zone, including the required numbers of pupils, were selected randomly. A subsample of pupils provided urine and salt samples for the determination of urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and presence of iodate, respectively.SettingYemen.SubjectsThere were a total of 2984 pupils aged 6–12 years of whom 2003 were boys and 981 girls. The majority (1800) pupils were from the lowland/coastal areas (zone II) and the rest (1184) from the mountainous regions (zone I).ResultsThe total goitre rates (TGR) in the whole country, zones II and I were 16.8%, 31.1% and 7.4%, respectively. The TGR in zone I for males was 32.8% and 27.3% for females, while in zone II the corresponding rates were 8.1% and 5.9%, respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant. Only three cases of visible goitres were encountered. The median UIE levels in zones I, II and the whole country were 13.6, 18.9 and 17.3 μg dl−1, respectively. Based on UIE cut-off points recommended by WHO, IDD was severe in 4.7% of pupils in zone I and 2.6% in zone II. Mild and moderate IDD were found in 18.5% and 8.7% of the pupils respectively. Nearly 70% of the surveyed pupils had UIE values of > 10 μg dl−1 (no deficiency). Girls had relatively better iodine nutrition as suggested by higher levels of median UIE. In addition, across all age groups median UIE values were above 10 μg dl−1. Over half of the households consumed iodized salt.ConclusionsSince the introduction of universal salt iodization in 1996 both the prevalence and severity of IDD in Yemen were reduced markedly and Yemen can now be classified as a country with a mild IDD problem. However, the low level of households consuming iodized salt may hamper the goal of IDD elimination.

scholarly journals Hubungan status pestisida dengan status gangguan akibat kekurangan yodium (GAKY) anak SD pada daerah endemik GAKY Kabupaten Dairi

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Maryanes Maryanes ◽  
Wiryatun Lestariana ◽  
Untung S Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Thyroxin plays important role in the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and cholesterol, and in the process of growth. Iodine deficiency disorder not only can be caused by lack of iodine substance but also another competition factor, which is a pollutant substance which is goitergenic (pesticide). This goitergenic substance interferes hormonogenesis of thyroid causing enlargement of thyroid gland known as goiter.Objective: This study was aimed at examining the relationship between status of pesticide and status of iodine deficiency disorders (urinary iodine excretion) of elementary school children and the difference between them based on level of their endemic in Dairi District.Methods: This was an observational study using a cross-sectional design. Palpation of thyroid gland was made to determine the level of endemic; concentration of blood cholinesterase was determined using tinto meter kit; urinary iodine excretion was analyzed with the ammonium persulfate digestion method. Data was analyzed with chi square and anova.Results: Chi square test indicated that the relationship between the concentration of blood cholinesterase and urinary iodine excretion was significant (p<0.05) with OR 11.1 and the relationship between concentration of cholinesterase and iodine deficiency disorders (palpation) was not significant (p>0.05) with OR 1.3. Anova test, based on endemic, indicated that there was a significant difference between the concentration of blood cholinesterase and urinary iodine excretion (p<0.05).Conclusion: There was significant relationship between status of pesticide (concentration of blood cholinesterase) and status of iodine deficiency disorder based on urinary iodine excretion and there was no significant relationship between concentration of cholinesterase and iodine deficiency disorders based on the result of palpation. There was a difference in the average status of pesticide and iodine deficiency disorders status among the elementary school children based on their endemic.

scholarly journals Iodine intake and status of UK women of childbearing age recruited at the University of Surrey in the winter

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1715-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Bath ◽  
Michelle L. Sleeth ◽  
Marianne McKenna ◽  
Alan Walter ◽  
Andrew Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
The University

As intra-thyroidal iodine stores should be maximised before conception to facilitate the increased thyroid hormone production during pregnancy, women who are planning to become pregnant should ideally consume 150 μg iodine/d (US RDA). As few UK data exist for this population group, a cross-sectional study was carried out at the University of Surrey to assess the iodine intake and status of women of childbearing age. Total iodine excretion was measured from 24 h urine samples in fifty-seven women; iodine intake was estimated by assuming that 90 % of ingested iodine was excreted. The average iodine intake was also estimated from 48 h food diaries that the participants completed. The median urinary iodine concentration value (63·1 μg/l) indicated the group to be mildly iodine deficient by WHO criteria. By contrast, the median 24 h urinary iodine excretion value (149·8 μg/24 h) indicated a relatively low risk of iodine deficiency. The median estimated iodine intake, extrapolated from urinary excretion, was 167 μg/d, whereas it was lower, at 123 μg/d, when estimated from the 48 h food diaries. Iodine intake estimated from the food diaries and 24 h urinary iodine excretion were strongly correlated (r 0·75, P< 0·001). The intake of milk, eggs and dairy products was positively associated with iodine status. The iodine status of this UK cohort is probably a best-case scenario as the women were mostly nutrition students and were recruited in the winter when milk-iodine content is at its highest; further study in more representative cohorts of UK women is required. The present study highlights the need for revised cut-off values for iodine deficiency that are method- and age group-specific.

scholarly journals Iodine deficiency disorders in Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2b) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Vitti ◽  
Teresa Rago ◽  
Fabrizio Aghini-Lombardi ◽  
Aldo Pinchera
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Iodine Prophylaxis ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Iodine Excretion

AbstractIodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are related to the degree of iodine deficiency. In european countries, characterized by mild to moderate iodine deficiency, neurological deficits or minor neuropsychological impairments have been described. Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) ranged from 30 to 170 mcg/L, 141 millions of people were at risk of IDD, 97 millions were affected by goiter and 0.9 millions had an impaired mental development.Iodine prophylaxis is devoid of adverse reactions with the exception of sporadic cases of transitory hyperthyroidism, associated to the severity of iodine deficiency before the prophylaxis. The International Council for Control of IDD recommends an universal iodine prophylaxis, instituted gradually in severe iodine deficient countries. The total cost of universal iodine prophylaxis is very cheap compared to the social cost of goiter and cretinism.In conclusion, most european countries are still characterized by mild to moderate iodine deficiency. Iodine prophylaxis programs are already operating, its cost is irrelevant with respect to the undebatable beneficial impact on the health. Adverse effects are not observed except in severe iodine deficient areas where iodine intake was abruptly increased.

Salt iodisation and public health campaigns to eradicate iodine deficiency disorders in Armenia

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Rossi ◽  
Francesco Branca
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Iodised Salt ◽  
Under Five

AbstractBackground:Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are endemic in the mountain regions of Armenia. Universal salt iodisation has been chosen as the control measure.Objectives:(1) To measure the prevalence of iodine deficiency in the Armenian population; (2) to evaluate household use of iodised salt; and (3) to monitor iodised salt promotion strategies.Design:Cross-sectional study on a nationally representative sample of 2627 households, including 3390 children under five and 2649 women of fertile age. Cluster sampling design on four population strata: residents, refugees, rural and urban.Results:Thyroid was palpable in one-third of the women, 6% of them having a visible goitre. Median of urinary iodine excretion in children was 139.5 μgl−1. One-third of the children showed low urinary iodine concentration. Iodised salt was consumed in 66% of the households. The national IDD control programme included modernisation of the Yerevan Salt Factory, legislative regulation of the iodine content of the salt, and public information by the media.Conclusions:Armenia was still an endemic zone for goitre in 1997. The iodine status of children under five in 1997 was not considered alarming even though 33% of them had low values of urinary iodine. After four years of intervention strategies, the use of iodised salt has increased by 17%. Further efforts should be made to control salt imports and to monitor IDD indicators in vulnerable groups.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document