scholarly journals Iodine deficiency disorders in Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2b) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Vitti ◽  
Teresa Rago ◽  
Fabrizio Aghini-Lombardi ◽  
Aldo Pinchera
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Iodine Prophylaxis ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Iodine Excretion

AbstractIodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are related to the degree of iodine deficiency. In european countries, characterized by mild to moderate iodine deficiency, neurological deficits or minor neuropsychological impairments have been described. Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) ranged from 30 to 170 mcg/L, 141 millions of people were at risk of IDD, 97 millions were affected by goiter and 0.9 millions had an impaired mental development.Iodine prophylaxis is devoid of adverse reactions with the exception of sporadic cases of transitory hyperthyroidism, associated to the severity of iodine deficiency before the prophylaxis. The International Council for Control of IDD recommends an universal iodine prophylaxis, instituted gradually in severe iodine deficient countries. The total cost of universal iodine prophylaxis is very cheap compared to the social cost of goiter and cretinism.In conclusion, most european countries are still characterized by mild to moderate iodine deficiency. Iodine prophylaxis programs are already operating, its cost is irrelevant with respect to the undebatable beneficial impact on the health. Adverse effects are not observed except in severe iodine deficient areas where iodine intake was abruptly increased.

Urinary iodine excretion in Belarus children

1995 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Mityukova ◽  
LN Astakhova ◽  
LD Asenchyk ◽  
MM Orlov ◽  
L VanMiddlesworth
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
University Of Tennessee ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Mityukova TA, Astakhova LN, Asenchyk LD, Orlov MM, VanMiddlesworth L. Urinary iodine excretion in Belarus children. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:216–7. ISSN 0804–4643. Casual urine samples were collected to determine iodine excretion of 1680 Belarus children during 1990–1994. The subjects, 8–16 years old, were from nine different regions of Belarus; 60% were from the Gomel oblast, which has been associated with relatively high levels of radioiodine fallout and increased incidence of thyroid cancer. Most of the median values indicate borderline/low iodine intake or mild iodine deficiency. Ranges were wide but 163 children excreted < 20 μgI/l urine and they should be considered severely deficient in iodine. L VanMiddlesworth, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Tennessee, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA

scholarly journals Urinary iodine excretion in urine samples among children in Dang district, Gujarat

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2339
Author(s):  
Rahul Damor ◽  
Jatin Chhaya ◽  
Sukesha Gamit ◽  
Jayant Patel ◽  
J. K. Kosambiya
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Background: Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for normal human growth and development as it is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones produced by thyroid glands. The sicknesses occurred due to deficiencies of iodine in the nutrition are termed iodine deficiency disorders. Urinary iodine concentration is the prime indicator of a person’s nutritional iodine status. So, the aim of this study was to assess the status of iodine deficiency based on median urinary iodine excretion.Methods: Community based cross sectional study was carried out among purposively selected primary schools of the Dang district. All students between the age group of 6 to 12 years who were present on the day of visit were included in the study. A total 387 urine samples were collected during the period of August 2015 to September 2016.Results: Based on median urinary iodine excretion, among total analysed samples, about 6.5% samples confirmed severe iodine deficiency, 22% samples showed moderate iodine deficiency and about 36% samples indicated mild iodine deficiency. About one third (31.3%) samples suggested optimum iodine intake. Only few samples (4.4%) revealed more than required iodine intake.Conclusions: About one third (31.3%) of the surveyed population had adequate iodine intake while majority (64.4%) of them had inadequate iodine intake. 

scholarly journals Determination of Urinary Iodine Excretion to Assess Iodine Deficiency Disorder among Pregnant Women in District Hospital of Sindhupalchowk, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Singh ◽  
Anand Ballabh Joshi ◽  
Chitra Kumar Gurung ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorder ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
The Status ◽  
Iodine Excretion

 Pregnant women and infants are risk populations of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Therefore, this study was designed to explore the status of IDD among pregnant women through the analysis of urinary iodine excretion (UIE). A total of 94 pregnant women from Chautara Hospital Sindhupalchowk were included to analyze UIE through Sandell-Kolthoff Reaction. Although the general clinical status of women was satisfactory, the urinary iodine excretion revealed that still, 18.0 percent of pregnant women in Sindhupalchowk had insufficient iodine intake. This indicates that pregnant women are still at risk of iodine deficiency disorder, and they should be in the priority population for the IDD prevention program.

scholarly journals Iodine deficiency among Italian children and adolescents assessed through 24-hour urinary iodine excretion

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Campanozzi ◽  
Irene Rutigliano ◽  
Paolo E Macchia ◽  
Gianpaolo De Filippo ◽  
Antonio Barbato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Iodine Excretion

ABSTRACTBackgroundIodine is an essential micronutrient for intellectual development in children. Information on iodine intakes based on 24-h urinary iodine excretion (UIE) is scant, because iodine status is only assessed by the measurement of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in spot urine samples.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to evaluate the iodine intake of school-age children and adolescents, using UIE measurement in 24-h urine collections.MethodsThe study population included 1270 healthy subjects (677 boys, 593 girls) aged 6–18 y (mean age ± SD: 10.3 ± 2.9) from 10 Italian regions. Daily iodine intake was estimated as UIE/0.92, based on the notion that $\sim$92% of the dietary iodine intake is absorbed. The adequacy of intakes was assessed according to the Dietary Reference Values for iodine of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Body mass index (BMI) and UIC were also measured for each subject.ResultsBased on the scientific opinion of EFSA, 600 of 1270 subjects (47.2%) had a lower than adequate iodine intake, with a higher prevalence among girls (54.6%) compared with boys (40.2%) (P < 0.001). Although UIE and 24-h urinary volumes increased with age (P < 0.001), a progressive decrease in the percentage of subjects with iodine excretion <100 µg/24 h (P < 0.001) was observed, without any significant difference in the percentage of subjects with UIC <100 µg/L. No significant association was detected between BMI z-score and UIE (P = 0.603) or UIC (P = 0.869).ConclusionsA sizable proportion of our population, especially girls, appeared to be at risk of iodine inadequacy. The simple measurement of UIC could lead to underestimation of the occurrence of iodine deficiency in younger children, because of the age-related smaller urine volumes producing spuriously higher iodine concentrations.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM PROTEIN-BOUND IODINE LEVELS AND URINARY IODINE EXCRETION AND SERUM THYROTROPHIN CONCENTRATIONS IN SUBJECTS FROM AN ENDEMIC GOITRE AREA IN CENTRAL JAVA

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hennemann ◽  
R. Djokomoeljanto ◽  
R. Docter ◽  
B. M. Goslings ◽  
C. van Hardeveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT Urinary 127I excretion, 24 h thyroid 131I uptake and serum values of thyrotrophin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and protein-bound iodine (PBI) were measured in subjects from an area with severe (Segni) and moderate (Londjong) iodine deficiency. In Segni, 90 non-cretinous subjects and 40 cretins were studied. In both sub-groups from Segni non-compensated iodine deficiency was found. Although iodine excretion in these sub-groups was the same (mean: ± sd, 127I μg per g creatinine; non-cretins 16.9 ± 10.1 and cretins 15.2 ± 8.0) thyroid hormone serum levels were less in the cretins probably due to additional primary thyroid failure. In the subjects (non-cretins plus cretins) from Segni a positive relationship (r=0.39, P < 0.001) was found between urinary 127I excretion and serum PBI. Moreover in the same subjects a negative correlation was found between serum PBI and TSH (r=0.43; P < 0.001) while serum T3 did not correlate with TSH. In the Londjong area (mean ± sd 127I urinary excretion: 41.6 ± 18.6 μg per g creatinine) iodine deficiency appeared to be compensated in 52 subjects studied since mean serum levels of TSH, PBI and T3 were within normal range. No correlation between PBI and serum TSH was found. PBI too did not correlate with iodine excretion despite the fact that 37 subjects excreted less than 48 μg 127I per g creatinine below which value iodine excretion varied in all but one of the studied subjects from Segni. It is suggested on the basis of a difference in the average iodine intake between the groups from Segni and Londjong, that lack of "iodine buffer capacity" of the thyroid gland in the Segni subjects leads to a situation where changes in iodine intake are readily reflected in T4 production resulting in the correlation found between PBI and urinary excretion in this group.

scholarly journals A study to assess the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders in Betul district, Madhya Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3999
Author(s):  
Sudarshan Kushwah ◽  
Akhil R. Nair ◽  
Jeevan Singh Meena ◽  
Shipra Verma ◽  
Harshima Sawlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Neurological Damage ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Background: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) constitute the single largest cause of preventable neurological damage worldwide. Majority of consequences of IDD are invisible and irreversible but at the same time these are preventable. The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of goiter in school children aged 6-12 years, to estimate the urinary iodine excretion and to assess the level of iodine concentration in salt samples obtained from households of selected school children.Methods: Population proportionate to size sampling. Sample size was 90 primary school-going children of age 6-12 years in each selected village, total 2700 from 30 villages/wards in Betul district, Madhya Pradesh, India.Results: The prevalence of goiter among the 6-12 years children was found to be 32.06%. Females had higher prevalence compared to males. Of the 540 salt samples, 370 (68.4%) had iodine concentration ≥15 ppm at household level.Conclusions: IDD is a mild public health problem in Betul district.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on iodine status among pregnant and non-pregnant women of Tripura: a North-Eastern state of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Nilratan Majumder ◽  
Balaram Sutradhar ◽  
Saradindu Riang ◽  
Shib Sekhar Datta
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Background: Due to excess metabolic demand of iodine in pregnancy, pregnant women and lactating mother and their neonates are most vulnerable of iodine deficiency disorder. Urinary iodine excretion is a good marker of recent dietary iodine intake. Thus, present study was conducted to assess the iodine status and median urinary iodine excretion (UIE μg/lit) among pregnant and non-pregnant women of Tripura.Methods: Tribal and Bengali pregnant and non-pregnant women from Bokafa and Jolaibari Block of South Tripura district were included in the study. Urinary iodine excretion was done using simple micro plate method. Salt iodine was estimated using iodometric titration. All the tests were performed at CNRT Lab, ICMR, India.Results: Total number of subjects included in this study was 1071. Total number of urine samples collected from pregnant and non-pregnant women was 538 and 533 respectively. Median value of UIE in pregnant and non-pregnant women of Tripura was 155.0µg/L and 130.0µg/L. In pregnant women percentage prevalence of severe (<20µg/L), moderate (20-49µg/L) and mild iodine deficiency (50-149µg/L) was found in 4.1%, 15.1% and 29.6% subjects. In case of non-pregnant women severe (<20µg/L), moderate (20-49µg/L) and mild iodine deficiency (50-99µg/L) was found in 0.6%, 9.6%, 27.8% subjects respectively. The overall prevalence of iodine deficiency was found in 48.8% pregnant women, compared to 38.0% non-pregnant subjects.Conclusions: Efforts towards universal salt iodization need to be stepped-up in Sub-Himalayan region (NE part of India) and pregnant and lactating mothers may be targeted with alternate iodine supplements (Colloidal Iodine).

scholarly journals Assessment of Iodine Deficiency among School-Going Children of Age Group 6 to 12 Years in Kachchh District, Gujarat State: Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh P. Sharma ◽  
Amitkumar Maheshwari ◽  
Chandan Chakrabarti ◽  
Darshan J. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Level ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Abstract Aim Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is the cause of preventable brain damage, mental retardation, and stunted growth and development in children. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of IDD in Kachchh district, Gujarat, by testing urinary iodine excretion levels and iodine intake of salts in school-going children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted and the level of iodine deficiency was assessed in 223 school children of both sexes, aged 6 to 12 years from four talukas, that is, subdivisions, of the Kachchh district by estimating urinary iodine using Sandell–Kolthoff reaction along with iodine content in edible salt samples by MBI kit (STK-Spot testing kit, MBI Kits International, Chennai, TN, India). Results The median urinary iodine level was found to be 194 μg/L, indicating no biochemical iodine deficiency in the region. In the study areas, 1% of the population showed a level of urinary iodine excretion < 50 μg/L. About 83% salt samples had iodine level more than 15 ppm and the iodine content in salt samples less than 15 ppm was only about 17%, indicating the salt samples at households contain iodine in adequate level. Conclusion There is a need of periodic surveys to assess the change in magnitude of IDD with respect to impact of iodized salt intervention.Furthermore, to strengthen National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Program, factors should be identified. There is also a need to prevent and reimpose the ban on the sale of noniodized salts in Gujarat.

scholarly journals Hubungan status pestisida dengan status gangguan akibat kekurangan yodium (GAKY) anak SD pada daerah endemik GAKY Kabupaten Dairi

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Maryanes Maryanes ◽  
Wiryatun Lestariana ◽  
Untung S Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Thyroxin plays important role in the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and cholesterol, and in the process of growth. Iodine deficiency disorder not only can be caused by lack of iodine substance but also another competition factor, which is a pollutant substance which is goitergenic (pesticide). This goitergenic substance interferes hormonogenesis of thyroid causing enlargement of thyroid gland known as goiter.Objective: This study was aimed at examining the relationship between status of pesticide and status of iodine deficiency disorders (urinary iodine excretion) of elementary school children and the difference between them based on level of their endemic in Dairi District.Methods: This was an observational study using a cross-sectional design. Palpation of thyroid gland was made to determine the level of endemic; concentration of blood cholinesterase was determined using tinto meter kit; urinary iodine excretion was analyzed with the ammonium persulfate digestion method. Data was analyzed with chi square and anova.Results: Chi square test indicated that the relationship between the concentration of blood cholinesterase and urinary iodine excretion was significant (p<0.05) with OR 11.1 and the relationship between concentration of cholinesterase and iodine deficiency disorders (palpation) was not significant (p>0.05) with OR 1.3. Anova test, based on endemic, indicated that there was a significant difference between the concentration of blood cholinesterase and urinary iodine excretion (p<0.05).Conclusion: There was significant relationship between status of pesticide (concentration of blood cholinesterase) and status of iodine deficiency disorder based on urinary iodine excretion and there was no significant relationship between concentration of cholinesterase and iodine deficiency disorders based on the result of palpation. There was a difference in the average status of pesticide and iodine deficiency disorders status among the elementary school children based on their endemic.

scholarly journals Iodine intake and status of UK women of childbearing age recruited at the University of Surrey in the winter

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1715-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Bath ◽  
Michelle L. Sleeth ◽  
Marianne McKenna ◽  
Alan Walter ◽  
Andrew Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
The University

As intra-thyroidal iodine stores should be maximised before conception to facilitate the increased thyroid hormone production during pregnancy, women who are planning to become pregnant should ideally consume 150 μg iodine/d (US RDA). As few UK data exist for this population group, a cross-sectional study was carried out at the University of Surrey to assess the iodine intake and status of women of childbearing age. Total iodine excretion was measured from 24 h urine samples in fifty-seven women; iodine intake was estimated by assuming that 90 % of ingested iodine was excreted. The average iodine intake was also estimated from 48 h food diaries that the participants completed. The median urinary iodine concentration value (63·1 μg/l) indicated the group to be mildly iodine deficient by WHO criteria. By contrast, the median 24 h urinary iodine excretion value (149·8 μg/24 h) indicated a relatively low risk of iodine deficiency. The median estimated iodine intake, extrapolated from urinary excretion, was 167 μg/d, whereas it was lower, at 123 μg/d, when estimated from the 48 h food diaries. Iodine intake estimated from the food diaries and 24 h urinary iodine excretion were strongly correlated (r 0·75, P< 0·001). The intake of milk, eggs and dairy products was positively associated with iodine status. The iodine status of this UK cohort is probably a best-case scenario as the women were mostly nutrition students and were recruited in the winter when milk-iodine content is at its highest; further study in more representative cohorts of UK women is required. The present study highlights the need for revised cut-off values for iodine deficiency that are method- and age group-specific.

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