scholarly journals Comparison ability of algae and nanoparticles on nitrate and phosphate removal from aquaculture wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Majid Askari Hesni ◽  
Seyed Aliakbar Hedayati ◽  
Amir Qadermarzi ◽  
Mojtaba Pouladi ◽  
Somayeh Zangiabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Porous Plate ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Weekly Treatment ◽  
Aquaculture Wastewater ◽  
Reactor Space

Background: Aquaculture wastewater contains high levels of phosphate and nitrate. The reuse of this water requires standards beyond the secondary standards to eliminate more organic pollutants from aquaculture effluents. In this research, the removal of these pollutants from wastewater using Chlorella vulgaris and Fe3 O4 nanoparticles in the reactor space was investigated. Methods: This study was conducted on fish farms effluent in the laboratory system. For this purpose, a 5-L semi-industrial reactor with a mixer blade, porous plate, and a compressor was designed. Chlorella vulgaris samples were collected from the natural environment and cultured in the laboratory environment. Also, Fe3 O4 nanoparticles were prepared from Iranian Nano Pishgaman Company to make the desired solution. During the experiment (3 weeks), samples were taken weekly (in one phase) from the effluent. Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, nitrate (NO3 ), and phosphate (PO4 ) factors from the influent and effluent of the farms were measured. The statistical data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and Excel 2013. Results: The amounts of nitrate and phosphate were decreased by about 80.76 and 80.55% in the biological reactor, whereas these amounts were 70.52 and 70.48% in the nanoparticle reactor, respectively. Also, there were significant differences in the amounts of NO3 and PO4 between the control treatment and weekly treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, both reactors were able to reduce nitrate and phosphate from aquaculture wastewater, but the efficiency of the biological reactor was higher than that of the nanoparticle reactor.

scholarly journals Application of Chitosan and Activated Carbon Nano-composite in Removal of Nitrite, Phosphate, and Ammonia From Aquaculture Wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Hassan Rezaei ◽  
Saeedeh Rastegar ◽  
Sanaz Naseri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Carbon Adsorbent ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Effluent Concentration ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Aquaculture Wastewater

Developing an adsorbent with natural components is one of the effective methods to reduce the amount of wastewater pollutants. Wastewater reuse can improve the quality of water prior to entering the natural environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of chitosan nano-composite and activated carbon adsorbent in the removal of nitrite, phosphate, and ammonia pollutants from fish farms of Aq-Qala. To prepare the adsorbents, the shrimp shells were converted to nano-chitosan. The date palm kernel was prepared and activated with oxalic acid in pyrolysis furnace by injecting nitrogen gas into activated carbon, then, the nano-composite was prepared from nanochitosan and activated carbon. A field-laboratory study was conducted during the winter of 2018, and then, batches of synthesized nano-composite were investigated and the effects of pH, initial effluent concentration, and adsorption time were investigated. The experiments were performed in the pH range of 5-8, effluent concentration of 25-100 mg/L, and contact time of 15-90 minutes. The results showed that at optimum conditions (pH of 7, effluent concentration of 50 mg/L, and contact time of 60 minutes), the highest removal percentage and adsorption capacity for nitrite, phosphate, and ammonia contaminants were 99.98%, 99.77%, and 65.65%, and 6.65, 6.14, and 7.32 mg/g , respectively. Due to the high removal percentage (99.98%) of the chitosan and activated carbon nano-composite, the adsorbent was highly capable of removing pollutants (nitrite, phosphate, and ammonia).

EVOLUTION IN A LABORATORY HOST–PARASITOID SYSTEM AND ITS EFFECT ON POPULATION KINETICS

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1049-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Zareh ◽  
Mark Westoby ◽  
David Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Population Kinetics ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Pupal Mortality

AbstractA laboratory system was developed that allowed populations of the house fly, Musca domestica, and its hymenopterous, wasp parasitoid, Nasonia vitripennis, to interact and fluctuate in numbers, subject only to an upper limit on Musca density. In one (experimental) treatment, the selection pressure from Nasonia was allowed to operate, while in the control all Musca adults were replaced in each generation by individuals from a Musca population not exposed to Nasonia. Evolution for resistance of Musca to Nasonia became noticeable within four generations in the experimental treatment. Measured changes finally included increased fly pupal weight (although larval development period was not allowed to increase), less time spent as pupa, increased pupal mortality, and reduced fecundity of adults. Total per-generation increase of both control and experimental Nasonia was much reduced on experimental compared with control Musca. This was caused by reductions both in the longevity of female Nasonia and in the number of progeny they produced each day. From early in the experiment the increased resistance of Musca produced lower Nasonia densities in the experimental treatment. During the first 20 or so generations no difference could be detected in mean Musca density between the two treatments. After that time the density of adult Musca became greater, and fluctuated less, in the experimental than in the control treatment. This situation continued until the experiment ended at 50 generations.

scholarly journals Immobilized Microalgae using Alginate for Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanatuzzakiah Abdul Halim ◽  
Wan Nor Atikah Wan Haron
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Nutrients Removal ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Suspended Cells

Organic and inorganic substances are released into the environment because of domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities which contribute to the pollution of water bodies. Removal of these substances from wastewater using conventional treatment involves high energy cost for mechanical aeration to provide oxygen for aerobic digestion system. During this process, the aerobic bacteria rapidly consume the organic matter and convert it into single cell proteins, water, and carbon dioxide. Alternatively, this biological treatment step can be accomplished by growing microalgae in the wastewater. Chlorella vulgaris immobilized in calcium alginate was used to study the removal efficiency of main nutrients in wastewater such as ammonium and phosphate that act as an important factor in microalgae growth. The immobilized cells demonstrated higher percentage of ammonium and phosphate removal of 83% and 79% respectively, compared to free-suspended cells (76% and 56%). COD removal recorded was 89% and 83% for immobilized cells and free-suspended cells, respectively. The kinetics parameters of nutrients removal for immobilized C. vulgaris in synthetic wastewater were also determined. The specific ammonium removal rates (RA) and phosphate removal rates (RP) for Chlorella vulgaris in synthetic wastewater were 8.3 mg.L-1day-1 and 7.9 mg.L-1day-1, respectively. On the other hand, the kinetic coefficient for each nutrient removal determined were kA = 0.0462 L.mg-1 day-1 NH4 and kP = 0.0352 L.mg-1 day-1 PO43-. This study proves the application of immobilized microalgae cells is advantageous to the wastewater treatment efficiency. Furthermore, optimization on the immobilization process can be conducted to further improve the nutrients removal rates which potentially can be applied in the large-scale wastewater treatment process.

Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in aquaculture wastewater for protein production

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefany Blanco-Carvajal ◽  
Eduar Sanchez-Galvis ◽  
Angel Dario Gonzalez-Delgado ◽  
Janet Bibiana Garcia Martinez ◽  
Andres Fernando Barajas-Solano
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Aquaculture Wastewater

Experimental Determination of Energy Demand and Spatio-Temporal Course of Pyrolysis for Various Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 598-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Honus ◽  
Ondřej Němček ◽  
Jaroslav Frantík ◽  
Veronika Sassmanová ◽  
Dagmar Juchelková
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Horizontal Reactor ◽  
Temporal Course ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Reactor Space ◽  
Total Maximum

The article presents a detailed analysis of brown coal, rubber and polyethylene pyrolysis in a horizontal reactor of a thermic facility. It is a facility continuously processing entry materials flowing in the amount of up to 150 Kg.h -1 and with the total maximum heaters’ output of 200 kW. The attention has been paid to the thermal input of the pyrolysis process and to the description of physical-chemical processes in time and the reactor space. The objective has been to find out the best combination of entry material and process conditions from the point of view of pyrolysis energy intensity. The article specifics are based on the fact that the mentioned processes have been analysed in a large facility having the semi-production characteristics, not within a laboratory system used usually in this kind of research (DSC).

scholarly journals Total Phosphorus and Reactive Phosphate Removal from Aquaculture Wastewater using Calcined Eggshell

2021 ◽  
Vol 945 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
Sin-Ying Tan ◽  
Sumathi a/p Sethupathi ◽  
Kah-Hon Leong ◽  
Tanveer Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Adsorption Equilibrium ◽  
Suitable Condition ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Batch Studies ◽  
Reactive Phosphate ◽  
Aquaculture Wastewater ◽  
Eggshell Waste

Abstract Phosphorus is the key nutrient in fish feed, and it has been one of the major soluble nutrients found in aquaculture wastewater (AW). This work aims to evaluate the removal of Total Phosphorus (TP) and Reactive Phosphate (PO4 3-) via adsorption in batch studies using thermally calcined eggshell as adsorbent. The effect of calcination temperature (700 – 1000°C), particle size and holding time were investigated. The screening phase showed that calcined eggshell at 800 °C for 30 minutes was the most suitable condition. Characterization of adsorbents revealed that crystalline structure and functional groups were responsible for the TP and PO4 3- removal using calcined eggshell from AW. Adsorption equilibrium was attained after 15 min with the dosage of 0.2 g of the optimized adsorbent, capable of removing more than 97 % of TP and PO4 3- from AW. This finding has proven the ability of calcined eggshell waste as a potential phosphorus adsorbent from liquid effluents.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL MICROALGA Chlorella vulgaris FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METAL Pb

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-234
Author(s):  
Asyatul Halima ◽  
Nursyirwani Nursyirwani ◽  
Irwan Effendi ◽  
Hanies Ambarsar
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spectrometer Data

This research was conducted from April to July 2019 at the Center for Environmental Technology Laboratory (PTL), Geostech 820 Building, Serpong Region Puspitek, South Tangerang. The aim of this research was to determin growth of Chlorella vulgaris on media added with Pb at different concentrations, and to determine the ability to absorb Pb. The experimental method was conducted by using concentrations of Pb at 3 different levels consisting of 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm in triplicate and control treatment without the addition of Pb. Each sample was analyzed by ICP-OES (Inductivly Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometer). Data was analyzed by using ANOVA followed by LSD test. The growth of C. vulgaris biomass during the cultivation were Pb 1 ppm (10.38 g / l), k (9.10 g / l), Pb 5 ppm (8.36 g/l) and Pb 10 ppm (7.13) g/l). ANOVA test showed that different concentrations of Pb gave a very significant difference (Sig. <0.05) on the growth of C. vulgaris. Reduction in the concentration of Pb metal in culture media were Pb 10 ppm (96.8%), Pb 5 ppm (96.2%), Pb 1 ppm (90%) and there is no Pb found in control. ANOVA test results showed that C. vulgaris had a very significant effect (Sig. <0.05) on the decrease of Pb metal concentration. This shows that C. vulgaris has the capacity as bioremediation of Pb with different concentrations.

scholarly journals Assessment of Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Oocystis minuta for removal of sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate in wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheriff Olalekan Ajala ◽  
Matthew L. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Biochemical Component ◽  
Sulfate Removal

AbstractApplication of wastewater for algal biomass production can not only lead to production of thousands of tons of biomass for subsequent biofuel production, but also can provide for significant removal of contaminants in wastewater. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the growth, contaminant removal, and biochemical component (lipid, carbohydrate, and protein) accumulation potential of Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Oocystis minuta cells in wastewater supplemented with different concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate. The results show maximum biomass productivity of 33, 19, and 98 mg dw/L/d for C. vulgaris, S. obliquus, and O. minuta, respectively. Phosphate removal (more than 90%) was highest in the culture with O. minuta; about 93% nitrate was removed by C. vulgaris, and the highest sulfate removal of 36% was observed in the culture with S. obliquus. The biochemical composition of the microalgae cells is in the ranges of 22–65% carbohydrate, 19–38% protein, and 8–17% lipid. This indicates that carbohydrate and protein are preferentially accumulated as compared to lipids under the growth conditions investigated for each of the microalgae strains.

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