Development and evaluation of new curing agents derived from glycerol for formaldehyde-free soy-based adhesives in wood composites

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Huang ◽  
Kai Gu ◽  
Kaichang Li
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Wood Composites ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Resistance Tests

Abstract Three novel curing agents (I, II, and III) were synthesized from epichlorohydrin and ammonium hydroxide. The combinations of soy flour (SF) with one of the curing agents (SF-I, SF-II, and SF-III) were investigated as adhesives for making interior plywood. Water resistance tests showed that plywood panels bonded with SF-I and SF-III adhesives met the requirements of interior plywood, whereas those bonded with SF-II did not. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond strength of particleboard panels bonded with the SF-II adhesive all exceeded the corresponding minimum industrial requirements for M-2 grade particleboard.

scholarly journals SIFAT PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI SERAT TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT DAN SERBUK KAYU DENGAN PEREKAT UREA FORMALDEHIDA (The Properties of Particle Board from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber Sawdust with Urea Formaldehyde Resin)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Djoko Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Internal Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Screw Withdrawal

A palm oil mill with a capacity of hundred thousand tons of fresh fruit bunches per year will produce palm fiber waste about 12,000 tons. Recently, the use of palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fiber is as fuel for electricity generation in the industry. Palm fiber waste contains lignocellulose materials as a feedstock to particle board manufacture. The aim of this research is to evaluate the properties of particle board from a mixture of OPEFB fiber and sawdust. The ratio of OPEFB fiber and sawdust are 100% : 0%; 75% : 25%; 50% : 50%; 25% : 75% and 0% : 100%, plus urea formaldehyde adhesive in a concentration of 11%. The boards were pressed using a clamp pressure of 16 kg/cm2 for 15 minutes at a temperature of 110 – 120 0C. The testing methods and standards of physical properties (moisture contents, thickness swelling, density) and mechanical (modulus of elasticity/MOE, modulus of rupture/MOR, screw withdrawal and internal bond strengths) refers to the SNI. 03 – 2105 - 2006. The results showed that the particle board made from 100% OPEFB fiber produces modulus of elasticity/MOE 1594.88 kg/cm2; modulus of rupture/MOR 18.08 kg/cm2; screw withdrawal 31.34 kg/cm2 and internal bond strength 0.86 kg/cm2. The addition of sawdust for 50% can improve modulus of elasticity/MOE, modulus of rupture/MOR and internal bond strength.

scholarly journals The potential of using forest waste as a raw material in particleboard manufacturing

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 7780-7795
Author(s):  
Halil İbrahim Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Internal Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Forest Waste ◽  
Physical Density

Wood particles and a mixture of forest waste were investigated as raw material for the particleboard industry. Urea formaldehyde resin was used as the adhesive in the production of the particleboards. Some chemical (pH, dilute alkali solubility, hot and cold water solubility), physical (density, moisture, thickness swelling, and water absorption), mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond strength, and screw holding strength) properties, as well as the contact angle values of the resulting particleboards were determined. Due to its needle litter and cone content, the forest waste exhibited a lower pH value and a higher content of extractive material than wood. Increasing the addition of forest waste led to significant reductions in the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards. The addition of forest waste reduced the internal bond strength the most (56.6%), whereas the least reduction (15.7%) was in the value of screw holding strength perpendicular to the surface. The values of all panels except panel type F exceeded the minimum modulus of elasticity (1600 N mm-2) required for furniture production according to the EN 312-P2 standard. Results of the analyses showed that forest waste (10% and 20%) is a suitable renewable raw material source for panel production.

scholarly journals Empirical models for estimating properties of developed composite material from agro waste

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
J. O. Osarenmwinda ◽  
J. C Nwachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling

Study was carried out to develop an empirical models for estimating the properties of developed composite material from agro waste (sawdust and palm kernel shell). The properties of the produced composite materials from agro waste obtained in previous experimental investigation were used to determine empirical model for hardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity; modulus of rupture, internal bond strength, density, thickness swelling and water absorption .The values obtained from the empirical models were found to compare favourably with the experimental values. The mean percentage error were determined to be -0.02167% (hardness), -0.462167%( yield strength),-0.03625 (ultimate tensile strength), -0.01045% (modulus of elasticity), -0.044057% (modulus of rupture), 0.001033% (internal bond strength),0.2153%(density), 0.5277% (thickness swelling) and 0.1365% (water absorption). These values were insignificant and below the maximum recommended error of 10%. These model performance were therefore found to be satisfactory and show good predictability.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPOSISI FACE-CORE TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIS ORIENTED STRAND BOARD DARI BAMBU DAN ECENG GONDOK

PERENNIAL ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Sahriyanti Saad ◽  
. Hilal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture

The effect of particle composition made of bamboo and water hyacinth on the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of resulted oriented strand boards (OSB) were investigated. Three layered boards were made from bamboo and water hyacinth in which bamboo strand was used as face/back layer and water hyacinth strand was used as core layer. The boards were manufactured using three levels of bamboo and water hyacinth compositions (50:50, 60:40 and 70:30) with 6 % isocyanate based on the strand oven dry weight. The results showed that dimensional stability of the OSB decreased with the increase of composition of water hyacinth strand on core layer. A higher composition of bamboo strand as face/back layer compared to water hyacinth strand resulted in increased modulus of elasticity and internal bond strength, but decreased the modulus of rupture. The bamboo and water hyacinth composition of 70:30 compositions showed better properties than other compositions. Key words: Bamboo, water hyacinth, composition, OSB

scholarly journals Sifat Papan Partikel Bambu Petung (Dendrocalamus asper) dan Bambu Wulung (Gigantochloa atroviolacea) dengan Perlakuan Ekstraksi

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Ragil Widyorini ◽  
Ikhwan Syahri ◽  
Greitta Kusuma Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Internal Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Japanese Industrial Standard ◽  
Dendrocalamus Asper ◽  
Extraction Treatment

Bambu memiliki kandungan ekstraktif dengan persentase yang berbeda antar jenis bambu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan ekstraksi pada jenis bambu yang berbeda terhadap sifat papan partikel. Dua jenis bambu digunakan yaitu Bambu Petung (Dendrocalamus asper) dan Bambu Wulung (Gigantochloa atroviolacea). Perlakuan ekstraksi digunakan pada partikel bambu sebelum proses pembuatan papan partikel yaitu tanpa ekstraksi, ekstraksi air dingin dan ekstraksi air panas. Papan partikel dibuat dalam ukuran 25 cm x 25 cm x 0,7 cm, target kerapatan 0,9 g/cm3, jumlah asam sitrat 30%, serta kondisi pengempaan suhu 180°C selama 10 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi perlakuan ekstraksi dan jenis bambu hanya berpengaruh signifikan pada sifat penyerapan air dan keteguhan rekat internal, sedangkan jenis bambu berpengaruh signifikan pada nilai kadar air, modulus patah dan modulus elastisitas. Semua papan partikel yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908 tipe 13. Pada penelitian ini, papan partikel dari bambu wulung tanpa perlakuan ekstraksi mempunyai nilai yang memenuhi standar tipe 18 dan berpotensi sebagai bahan baku untuk produk furnitur eksterior. Perlakuan ekstraksi dapat meningkatkan secara signifikan nilai keteguhan rekat internal papan partikel bambu petung, walaupun secara umum dengan jumlah asam sitrat 30% perlakuan tersebut tidak diperlukan pada papan partikel bambu Properties of Particleboard made from Petung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) and Wulung Bamboo (Gigantochloa atroviolacea) Particles with Extraction TreatmentAbstractBamboo has extractives, which the percentage of extractive was different based on bamboo species. This research aimed to investigate the effect of extraction treatment at different bamboo species on the particleboard properties. Two types of bamboo were used, i.e. Petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) and Wulung bamboo (Gigantochloa atroviolacea). Three extraction treatments were conducted to the bamboo particles before the particleboard manufacture, i.e. unextracted, cold-water extraction, and hot-waterextraction. The particleboard was made in the size of 25 cm x 25 cm x 0.7 cm, target density of 0.9 g/cm³, citric acid content of 30%, and pressing temperature of 180°C for 10 min. The results showed that the interaction between extraction treatment and bamboo species significantly affected on the water absorption and internal bond strength, however bamboo species affected significantly on the moisture content, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity. All of particleboards could met the requirement of the 13 type of Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908. In this research, particleboards made from wulung bamboo particles without extraction treatment have properties that met the requirement of the 18 type and the products have potential to be as exterior materials for furniture. In general, an extraction treatment was not an important step on the manufacturing of bamboo particleboard using citric acid 30% as adhesive. However, the extraction treatment could increase significantly the internal bond strength of particleboard made from petung bamboo.

Effect of Particle Size on Some Properties of Rice Husk Particleboard

2007 ◽  
Vol 18-19 ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Osarenmwinda ◽  
J.C. Nwachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of particle size on the mechanical properties (Modulus of Elasticity, Modulus of Rupture, and Internal Bond) and physical properties (thickness swelling and water absorption) of rice husk particleboard. The particle sizes used were 1.0mm, 1.18mm, 2mm, 2.36mm and 2.80mm. Each was mixed with a constant resin (urea formaldehyde) concentration of 20% of oven dry weight of rice husk particles. The results showed that as the particle size increased, the particleboard’s mechanical and physical properties decreased. For example, the modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond, thickness swelling and water absorption for 1.0mm particle size particleboard were 1590N/mm2, 11.11N/mm2, 0.28N/mm2,10.90% and 38.53% respectively, while for 2.8mm particle size they were 1958N/mm2,14.2N/mm2, 0.44N/mm2, 11.51% and 47.21% respectively. Overall results showed that particleboard made from rice husk exceed the EN standard for modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond. However, thickness swelling values were poor. Hence, the smaller the particle size the better the properties of the particleboard.

scholarly journals Properties evaluation by thickness and type of oriented strand boards manufactured in continuous press line

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5829-5842
Author(s):  
Octavia Zeleniuc ◽  
Adela-Eliza Dumitrascu ◽  
Valentina Doina Ciobanu
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling

Oriented strand boards (OSB) are widely used in construction replacing plywood. There are four types of boards (OSB/1, OSB/2, OSB/3, OSB/4) carried out depending on the conditions of uses. The present research aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical performance of these types of boards, with 10 mm, 11 mm, 18 mm and 22 mm thicknesses. The boards were industrially manufactured using the continue press line. The results showed that the compression grade increased with decreasing of the wood strands densities, from 1.3 (OSB/1) to 1.1 (OSB/3). Thickness swelling values were lower for OSB/3 and OSB/2 with 35% and 14%, when compared to OSB/1. For these boards a slight increase in adhesive content and a lower speed of pressing line was set considering that they are designated for the exterior use. An increase in density with about 7.6% led to an increase with about 19% of modulus of rupture (MOR), when compare OSB 10 mm with OSB 22 mm. Improvements with 27% to 22% MOR and 13% to 10% modulus of elasticity (MOE) in case of OSB/3 and OSB/2 compared to OSB/1 were found. Internal bond (IB) values were with about 32% higher for OSB/3 than those reached by OSB/1 and the thinner boards registered 25% higher IB values even after boiling test, compared to the thicker ones.

Development of soy-based adhesives for the manufacture of wood composite products

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangbo He ◽  
Martin Feng ◽  
Chunping Dai
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Canadian Standard Association ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Soy Proteins ◽  
Wood Composite ◽  
Wood Composites ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Bonding Performance ◽  
Dry And Wet Conditions

Abstract Soy-based resins have recently attracted great attention as adhesives in the wood composite industry. This article is focusing on hydrolysis and modification of soy protein concentrates to formulate soy-based resins for wood composites. The soy-based resins have been evaluated in terms of bondability on wood substrates and bonding performance in plywood products. The performance of plywood was found to meet the relevant CSA standard (Canadian Standard Association) requirements under both of dry and wet conditions, if the soy-based resins were obtained from low hydrolyzed soy flour. Hydrolysis is an effective and efficient tool for reducing the viscosity of soy resins. However, hydrolysis also reduces the bond strength of soy-based resins as hydrolysis cleaves the macromolecules of soy proteins into smaller molecules. Modified soy-based resins have a certain potential for production of interior- and exterior-used plywood.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies on Two Types of OSB Boards Obtained from Mixed Resinous and Fast-growing Hard Wood

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6634
Author(s):  
Aurel Lunguleasa ◽  
Adela-Eliza Dumitrascu ◽  
Valentina-Doina Ciobanu
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Softwood Species ◽  
Made In

The paper aims to compare the oriented strand boards (OSBs) made in the laboratory from a mixture of softwood species to those made from hardwood species, followed by their comparison to European and industry standards. In this regard, the main properties of the panels made in the laboratory were determined, including density, absorption, and swelling in thickness, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and internal bond. The analysis of the properties of swelling (24 h) and absorption (24 h) revealed that the mixture of softwood species was slightly better thanthe hardwood one. It was also shown that the panels manufactured from the mixture of hardwood species had better mechanical properties than those made of the softwood mixture (modulus of rupture (MOR) = 43.48 N/mm2, modulus of elasticity (MOE) = 7253 N/mm, and internal bond (IB) = 1.57 N/mm2). Additionally, the comparative analysis of properties indicates that the density is highly significant in determining the MOE values of the OSBs. This will allow softwood speciestobe replaced with other species of soft and fast-growing deciduous trees such as willow, birch, and poplar in the manufacture of oriented strand boards.

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