Preparation and characterization of non-isocyanate polyurethanes based on 2-hydroxy-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid as a monomer of the rigid phase

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 637-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bakar ◽  
Anita Białkowska ◽  
Marcin Kostrzewa ◽  
Marta Lenartowicz
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
High Water ◽  
Equimolar Ratio ◽  
Rigid Segment ◽  
Very High

Abstract The present study investigates the properties and structure of condensation non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPURs) prepared by reacting 2-hydroxy-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid (HNSA) with phenolsulfonic acid, urea and formaldehyde. Instrumental analyses confirmed a linear and segmented structure of the obtained condensation NIPURs. It was found that NIPUR films containing 20% HNSA and an equimolar ratio of rigid to flexible segments exhibited maximum values of tensile strength and tensile strain at break. All prepared samples showed a very high water resistance. The operating temperature of NIPUR samples based on HNSA was set between -33°C and +145°C. The first temperature was attributed to the glass transition of flexible segments, while the second one was associated with rigid segments melting. The higher the transition temperature, the higher the rigid segment content and the higher the HNSA content in the NIPUR sample.

Preparation and Characterization of Bio-Degradable Plastic from Banana Kepok Peel Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Suharno Rusdi ◽  
Ridwan A. Destian ◽  
Fitratur Rahman ◽  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Water ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Recycled Plastics ◽  
Almost All

Everyday human life cannot be separated from plastic. Almost all objects that are around us are made of plastic. In general, plastics are non-biodegradable, causing environmental problems caused by the increased volume of plastic waste. One way to overcome this is by recycling existing plastic waste. But the use of recycled plastics is very limited and considered inefficient because the process is more difficult and processing is more expensive than buying new plastic raw materials. Another alternative is to use bioplastics or biodegradable plastic. This plastic is more environmentally friendly because it is biodegradable or easily decomposed by microorganisms. Basically, bioplastics can be made from vegetable starches. In this study we will use starch extracted from banana peel waste as a base material for making bioplastics. In this research, glycerin which is used as a bioplastic adhesive or plasticizer will be used. Whether or not bioplastics depend on the resistance to water, the attractiveness of the bioplastics, the ability of the plastic to be decomposed by microorganisms. From this research, it is expected to produce bioplastics with high water resistance and high tensile strength and easy to decompose microorganisms.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Soap-Free Vinyl Acetate/Butyl Acrylate Copolymer Latex

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifu Zhang ◽  
Wenkai Bei ◽  
Zhiyong Qin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Acrylate Copolymer ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Polymerization Method

The soap-free emulsion of vinyl acetate (VAc)/butyl acrylate (BA) copolymer was prepared by a semi-continuous and pre-emulsification polymerization method, using ammonium sulfate allyloxy nonylphenoxy poly(ethyleneoxy) (10) ether (DNS-86) as a reactive emulsifier. The effects of DNS-86 on the stability of the emulsion and the properties of the latex film were investigated. The infrared spectrum, thermal stability, glass transition temperature and micromorphology of latex were also studied. The results showed that the emulsion had the best stability and the conversion rate reached a maximum of 98.46% when the DNS-86 amount was 4 wt % of the total amount of monomers. Compared with the PVAc latex synthesized with octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (10) (OP-10), the latex prepared with DNS-86 has higher thermal stability and ionic stability, whereas the latex film has better water resistance.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Carboxymethyl Cellulose Terhadap Karakteristik Bioplastik Dari Pati Ubi Nagara (Ipomoea batatas L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Dahlena Ariyani ◽  
Erni Puryati Ningsih ◽  
Sunardi Sunardi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission Rate ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission

Synthesis and characterization of bioplastics from Nagara sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L) starch with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a filler has been conducted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of CMC addition on the characteristic of bioplastics from Nagara sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) starch. Bioplastic synthesis was carried out by the melt intercalation method with variations in the amount of CMC 0-30% (w/w). Bioplastics were analyzed using FTIR spectrophotometer, thickness, solubility, water resistance, water vapor transmission rate, tensile strength and elongation. The values of the tensile strength of the bioplastic produced increases with increasing of CMC. The results also showed that the optimum CMC concentration in bioplastics production is 9% (w/w) with a tensile strength value 0.5281 N/mm2.

Thermo-Physical Characterization of Kraft Lignin Mixed with Bio-Plasticizers: A Valorization Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1193-1206
Author(s):  
Rani P. Ramachandran ◽  
Stefan Cenkowski ◽  
Jitendra Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Physical Characterization ◽  
List Type ◽  
Physical Density

HighlightsThermo-physical characterization of two types of Kraft lignin mixed with three bio-plasticizer.Crude glycerol showed the greater depression in melting point with its increasing proportion.The acidic lignin has more tensile strength and density than the alkaline lignin.Micro-pores of the lignin pellet were minimized by adding bio-plasticizer.Abstract. Kraft lignin, a by-product of the paper industry, is well known for its binding properties, enabling its use in the production of pellets and briquettes from biomass. Different bio-plasticizers, by-products from the vegetable oil processing industry, could serve as plasticizers for biomass briquettes. The properties of three bio-plasticizers (glycerol, fatty acid, and biodiesel), when mixed with isolated Kraft lignin, were studied to identify their potential application as efficient binders for biomass briquettes. The phase transition characteristics (glass transition, pre-melting crystallization, and melting) of two types of isolated lignin samples (acidic and alkaline) and lignin-plasticizer mixtures were determined using a differential scanning calorimeter. The mechanical (tensile strength) and physical (density) characteristics of the compacted cylindrical lignin pellets were tested. The spatial distribution of micropores in the lignin pellets was studied using x-ray tomography. Even though an overlap was observed in the glass transition temperatures of the mixtures, a significant depression in the pre-melting crystallization and melting temperatures was observed for both lignin samples containing elevated concentrations of the bio-plasticizers, and the highest tensile strength was obtained for pellets with 10% bio-plasticizer. Among the three bio-plasticizers, crude glycerol showed the greatest depression in melting point with increasing proportions of both acidic lignin (60.7°C ±2°C) and alkaline lignin (85.1°C ±2°C). In general, alkaline lignin showed some limitations over acidic lignin in the tensile strength of the pellets as well as their fusion temperature, even though the addition of a bio-plasticizer improved the strength and depressed the melting point in both lignin-based samples. Keywords: Bio-plasticizer, Lignin, Mechanical properties, Microstructure, Phase transition.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Carboxymethyl Cellulose Terhadap Karakteristik Bioplastik Dari Pati Ubi Nagara (Ipomoea batatas L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Erni Puryati Ningsih ◽  
Dahlena Ariyani ◽  
Sunardi Sunardi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission Rate ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission

Synthesis and characterization of bioplastics from Nagara sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L) starch with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a filler has been conducted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of CMC addition on the characteristic of bioplastics from Nagara sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) starch. Bioplastic synthesis was carried out by the melt intercalation method with variations in the amount of CMC 0-30% (w/w). Bioplastics were analyzed using FTIR spectrophotometer, thickness, solubility, water resistance, water vapor transmission rate, tensile strength and elongation. The values of the tensile strength of the bioplastic produced increases with increasing of CMC. The results also showed that the optimum CMC concentration in bioplastics production is 9% (w/w) with a tensile strength value 0.5281 N/mm2.

Improving the Tensile Properties of Curcuma Mangga Val Extract (CMVE)/PVA Nanofiber Mats by Using a Type of Non-Commercial CMVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 880 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Harini Sosiati ◽  
Angga Ardinista ◽  
M. Dirga Rianto ◽  
Ardhia Revarti ◽  
Sinin Hamdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Liquid Extract ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nanofiber Mats ◽  
Very High

The commercially available Curcuma mangga Val extract (CMVE) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blends were studied by electrospinning. The result showed inadequate tensile properties of commercial CMVE/PVA nanofiber mats with very high modulus (220.0 MPa) and low strain (50%). The commercial CMVE was then replaced by a type of non-commercial CMVE to compare them with those of the commercial bandage. A non-commercial CMVE was prepared by simply extracting of the fresh Curcuma mangga Val (CMV) produced in a liquid extract. This non-commercial CMVE was then blended with 10% (w/w) PVA at various concentrations of CMVE (0, 2, 5, 10 and 15%) (w/w). The morphology and tensile properties of the mats were investigated. The findings indicated that the tensile strength and modulus increased with CMVE concentrations, decreased of the mean fiber diameter. In this study, a nanofiber mat with a concentration of 2% CMVE was selected and compared to others. This mat had lower average fiber diameter (187.50 nm), tensile strength (8.93 ± 0.36 MPa) and modulus (31.37 ± 4.91MPa), and higher tensile strain (90%) than the commercial CMVE/PVA. Compared to the tensile properties of the Hansaplast bandage, the current tensile strength was higher, the tensile modulus was equivalent and lower tensile strain.

scholarly journals Preparasi Dan Karakterisasi Edible Film Dari Poliblend Pati Sukun-Kitosan

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wini Setiani ◽  
Tety Sudiarti ◽  
Lena Rahmidar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
High Starch Content ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Grey Colour

Abstrak   Plastik biodegradable dan terbuat dari bahan terbarukan seperti edible film merupakan salah satu solusi permasalahan lingkungan. Bahan baku utamanya yaitu pati, karena keberadaannya melimpah serta beragam di Indonesia, salah satunya pati sukun yang memiliki kandungan pati cukup tinggi (60 %). Namun edible film berbahan dasar pati saja memberikan sifat mekanik dan ketahanan air yang masih rendah. Pada penelitian ini akan dipreparasi edible film dari poliblend pati sukun-kitosan dengan plasticizer sorbitol. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu preparasi dan karakterisasi pati sukun kemudian preparasi dan karakterisasi edible film. Hasil karakterisasi pati sukun yang diperoleh yaitu kadar pati total 76,39 %, kadar amilosa dan amilopektin berturut-turut 26,76 % dan 73,24 %, suhu gelatinisasi pati sukun 73,98 ºC, kadar air 22,38 % serta derajat kecerahan yang menunjukkan karakteristik cerah dan berwarna abu-abu pucat. Hasil karakterisasi edible film menunjukkan, dengan bertambahnya kitosan maka kuat tarik dan ketahanan air cenderung meningkat. Secara umum hasil terbaik edible film adalah pada formulasi pati sukun-kitosan 6:4 dengan nilai water uptake sebesar 212,98 %, nilai kuat tarik sebesar 16,34 MPa, nilai elongasi sebesar 6,00 % dan modulus young sebesar 2,72 MPa. Meskipun demikian, hasil analisis morfologi edible film pada formulasi pati sukun-kitosan 6:4 masih terdapat pori dan retakan.   Kata kunci : edible film, pati sukun, kitosa.   Abstract   Biodegradable and renewable plastic such as edible film is one of solution the environmental problem. The main raw material is from starch, because of it is abundant and varied in Indonesia, one of them is breadfruit starch which has enough high starch content (60 %). But edible film based on starch give less mechanical properties and less water resistance. In this research the edible film was made from poliblend of breadfruit starch-chitosan with sorbitol addition. The Method was done, preparation and characterization of breadfruit starch then preparation and characterization of edible film. The characteristic result of breadfruit starch was obtained for total starch content 76.39 %, content of amylose and amylopecktin were 26.76 % and 73.24 % respectively, the gelatinitation temperature of breadfruit starch was 73.98 ºC, water content 22,38 % and the degree of brightness showed bright characteristic and pale grey colour. The characteristic result of edible film showed the increasing of chitosan concentration, the tensile strength and water resistance tended to rise. Generally the best result of edible film was on breadfruit starch-chitosan formulation 6:4 g/g by the value of water uptake was 212.98 %, tensile strength was 16.34 MPa, elongation was 6,00 % and modulus young was 2,72 MPa. However, the result of mhorphology analysis showed that the edible film of breadfruit starch-chitosan formulation 6:4 are still pores and cracks.   Keywords : edible film, breadfruit starch, chitosan.

Synthesis and Characterization of Siloxane-Modified Polyurethane Dispersion/Clay Nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1196-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heun Hyo Noh ◽  
Jong Keun Lee ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
Yong Man Choi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Polyurethane Dispersion ◽  
Cloisite 15A

Polyurethane dispersion modified with polymethylsiloxane (Si-PUD) and its nanocomposites incorporated with clays (Cloisite 15A and 30B at 3 and 6 wt%) were synthesized and characterized in this work. FTIR analysis showed that Si-PUD and Si-PUD/clay nanocomposites were successfully manufactured. While the glass transition temperature was not affected by the modification of the siloxane and clays, thermal resistance from TGA and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break from UTM were largely enhanced at 3 wt% of both C15A and C30B clay. Higher content of 6 wt% of C30B has inferior to other Si-PUD samples containing clay in mechanical properties. Surface with higher hydrophobicity was observed for Si-PUD and Si-PUD/clay nanocomposites compared to PUD.

New Developments in Soluble Thermoplastic High Glass Transition Temperature Polyimides

1992 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Rogers ◽  
T. M. Moy ◽  
Y. J. Kim ◽  
J. E. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Glass Transition Temperatures ◽  
Transparent Films ◽  
Very High ◽  
End Group ◽  
Temperature Applications

AbstractUtilizing solution imidization, molecular weight and end group control techniques, soluble, fully cyclized polyimides with very high glass transition temperatures have been developed to meet high temperature applications. Mechanistic aspects are investigated for solution imidization by both the polyamic acid route and by the ester-acid route. Polyimides based on pyromellitic dianhydride and a 3F diamine exhibit glass transition temperatures of 420 °C. These polyimides are soluble in polar aprotic solvents and form tough, transparent films which demonstrate mechanical integrity and thermooxidative stability at 700 °F. Various processing routes are explored to demonstrate the viability of these materials in high temperature applications. Details of the synthesis and characterization of these materials will be provided.

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyorganosiloxane Modified Waterborne Polyurethane

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 1055-1058
Author(s):  
Sui Lian Luo ◽  
Chao Dong Liu ◽  
Guo Fei Gong ◽  
Hei Ping Lai ◽  
Wen Zhong Kong
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Soft Segment ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Wood Coatings ◽  
Weather Resistance ◽  
Improve Water Resistance

In this work, PDMS modified PU was synthesized using two-stage method to improve water resistance and weather resistance in the waterborne polyurethane was investigated. It was found that the absorbed water content decreased with increasing PDMS content in polyurethane. It was also found that PDMS modified polyurethane had better solvent resistance than unmodified polyurethane. The structure incorporated the PDMS into the soft segment of polyurethane chains was confirmed by FTIR. The phase separation increased by increasing PDMS content and was confirmed by DSC. The particle size of the dispersions increased and tensile strength and hardness decreased with the increase of PDMS content. Furthermore, with the improved water resistance and elongation, it was hoped that the modified polyurethane could be used as wood coatings superior to the solvent-borne systems.

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