Thermo-Physical Characterization of Kraft Lignin Mixed with Bio-Plasticizers: A Valorization Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1193-1206
Author(s):  
Rani P. Ramachandran ◽  
Stefan Cenkowski ◽  
Jitendra Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Physical Characterization ◽  
List Type ◽  
Physical Density

HighlightsThermo-physical characterization of two types of Kraft lignin mixed with three bio-plasticizer.Crude glycerol showed the greater depression in melting point with its increasing proportion.The acidic lignin has more tensile strength and density than the alkaline lignin.Micro-pores of the lignin pellet were minimized by adding bio-plasticizer.Abstract. Kraft lignin, a by-product of the paper industry, is well known for its binding properties, enabling its use in the production of pellets and briquettes from biomass. Different bio-plasticizers, by-products from the vegetable oil processing industry, could serve as plasticizers for biomass briquettes. The properties of three bio-plasticizers (glycerol, fatty acid, and biodiesel), when mixed with isolated Kraft lignin, were studied to identify their potential application as efficient binders for biomass briquettes. The phase transition characteristics (glass transition, pre-melting crystallization, and melting) of two types of isolated lignin samples (acidic and alkaline) and lignin-plasticizer mixtures were determined using a differential scanning calorimeter. The mechanical (tensile strength) and physical (density) characteristics of the compacted cylindrical lignin pellets were tested. The spatial distribution of micropores in the lignin pellets was studied using x-ray tomography. Even though an overlap was observed in the glass transition temperatures of the mixtures, a significant depression in the pre-melting crystallization and melting temperatures was observed for both lignin samples containing elevated concentrations of the bio-plasticizers, and the highest tensile strength was obtained for pellets with 10% bio-plasticizer. Among the three bio-plasticizers, crude glycerol showed the greatest depression in melting point with increasing proportions of both acidic lignin (60.7°C ±2°C) and alkaline lignin (85.1°C ±2°C). In general, alkaline lignin showed some limitations over acidic lignin in the tensile strength of the pellets as well as their fusion temperature, even though the addition of a bio-plasticizer improved the strength and depressed the melting point in both lignin-based samples. Keywords: Bio-plasticizer, Lignin, Mechanical properties, Microstructure, Phase transition.

Preparation and characterization of non-isocyanate polyurethanes based on 2-hydroxy-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid as a monomer of the rigid phase

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 637-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bakar ◽  
Anita Białkowska ◽  
Marcin Kostrzewa ◽  
Marta Lenartowicz
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
High Water ◽  
Equimolar Ratio ◽  
Rigid Segment ◽  
Very High

Abstract The present study investigates the properties and structure of condensation non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPURs) prepared by reacting 2-hydroxy-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid (HNSA) with phenolsulfonic acid, urea and formaldehyde. Instrumental analyses confirmed a linear and segmented structure of the obtained condensation NIPURs. It was found that NIPUR films containing 20% HNSA and an equimolar ratio of rigid to flexible segments exhibited maximum values of tensile strength and tensile strain at break. All prepared samples showed a very high water resistance. The operating temperature of NIPUR samples based on HNSA was set between -33°C and +145°C. The first temperature was attributed to the glass transition of flexible segments, while the second one was associated with rigid segments melting. The higher the transition temperature, the higher the rigid segment content and the higher the HNSA content in the NIPUR sample.

scholarly journals BIODEGRADATION OF POLYBLEND POLYPROPILENE- PALM OIL-AMYLUM BY Bacillus subtilus AND Clostridium botulinum

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Zainal Fanani ◽  
Miksusanti Miksusanti ◽  
Desnelli Desnelli
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Lower Melting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lower Melting Point ◽  
Bacillus Subtilus ◽  
Function Group

It had been done a biodegradation polyblend from blending polypropilene-palm oil-amylum with three composition of polyblend i.e polyblend A 80% polypropilene- 19.5% palm oil- 0.5% amylum, poliblend B 80% polypropilene- 19% palm oil- 1% amylum and polyblend C 80% polypropilene-18% palm oil- 2% amylum by B. subtilus and C. botulinum, time incubation was twenty five days. The characterization of polyblend before and after biodegradation has done with FTIR, DTA, Viscometre and tensile strength of polyblend. The result showed that Bacillus subtilus and Clostridium botulinum can biodegradate polyblend and make holes as well as chink on polyblend especially polyblend C, because it has more carbohidrat than polyblend A and B. Analysis from FTIR showed compatible of poliblend because it did not have a new function group and did not change of wavelength. Data of tensile strength showed lower value after biodegradation at polyblend C and from DTA and Viscometre showed lower melting point and lower average molecule weight, respectively.   Keywords: Biodegradation, Polyblend, Bacillus, Clostridium

Synthesis and Characterization of Siloxane-Modified Polyurethane Dispersion/Clay Nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1196-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heun Hyo Noh ◽  
Jong Keun Lee ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
Yong Man Choi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Polyurethane Dispersion ◽  
Cloisite 15A

Polyurethane dispersion modified with polymethylsiloxane (Si-PUD) and its nanocomposites incorporated with clays (Cloisite 15A and 30B at 3 and 6 wt%) were synthesized and characterized in this work. FTIR analysis showed that Si-PUD and Si-PUD/clay nanocomposites were successfully manufactured. While the glass transition temperature was not affected by the modification of the siloxane and clays, thermal resistance from TGA and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break from UTM were largely enhanced at 3 wt% of both C15A and C30B clay. Higher content of 6 wt% of C30B has inferior to other Si-PUD samples containing clay in mechanical properties. Surface with higher hydrophobicity was observed for Si-PUD and Si-PUD/clay nanocomposites compared to PUD.

A Possible Basis for Nondestructive Characterization of Ropes of Nylon 6

1997 ◽  
Vol 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jiang ◽  
M. K. Davis ◽  
R. K. Eby ◽  
P. Arsenovic
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Remaining Service Life ◽  
Nondestructive Characterization ◽  
Fractional Content

ABSTRACTPhysical properties and structural parameters have been measured for ropes of nylon 6 as a function of the number of use operations. The fractional content of the α crystal form, sound velocity, birefringence, tensile strength and length all increase systematically and significantly with increasing the number of use operations. The fractional content of the γ crystal form and fiber diameter decrease with use. These trends indicate that the measurement of such properties and structural parameters, especially the length, provide a possible basis for establishing a reliable, rapid, and convenient nondestructive characterization method to predict the remaining service life of nylon 6 ropes.

Preparation and Characterization of β-glucosidase Films for Stabilization and Handling in Dry Configurations

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 741-747
Author(s):  
Liguang Zhang ◽  
Yanan Shen ◽  
Wenjing Lu ◽  
Lengqiu Guo ◽  
Min Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Protein Stabilization ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Gelatin Films ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function ◽  
General Method

Background: Although the stability of proteins is of significance to maintain protein function for therapeutical applications, this remains a challenge. Herein, a general method of preserving protein stability and function was developed using gelatin films. Method: Enzymes immobilized onto films composed of gelatin and Ethylene Glycol (EG) were developed to study their ability to stabilize proteins. As a model functional protein, β-glucosidase was selected. The tensile properties, microstructure, and crystallization behavior of the gelatin films were assessed. Result: Our results indicated that film configurations can preserve the activity of β-glucosidase under rigorous conditions (75% relative humidity and 37°C for 47 days). In both control films and films containing 1.8 % β-glucosidase, tensile strength increased with increased EG content, whilst the elongation at break increased initially, then decreased over time. The presence of β-glucosidase had a negligible influence on tensile strength and elongation at break. Scanning electron-microscopy (SEM) revealed that with increasing EG content or decreasing enzyme concentrations, a denser microstructure was observed. Conclusion: In conclusion, the dry film is a promising candidate to maintain protein stabilization and handling. The configuration is convenient and cheap, and thus applicable to protein storage and transportation processes in the future.

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