Code switching and the future of the Welsh language

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (195) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Deuchar ◽  
Peredur Davies
Keyword(s):  
Code Switching ◽  
Welsh Language ◽  
The Future

Linguistic interplay between Yoruba and English

English Today ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Grace Ebunlola Adamo
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
British Colonization ◽  
The Future ◽  
Yoruba Language ◽  
Local Languages

The purpose of this paper is to foreground the extent to which the English language has eroded the originality and purity of the Yoruba language. The main focus will be on code-switching practices, which I believe to be detrimental to Yoruba in the long run. Although linguists have long proposed a ‘leave-your-language-alone’ attitude (see Hall, 1950), there is little doubt that the effects of first British colonization and then globalization have changed the linguistic ecology of Africa. Few sociolinguists would deny that a people's language is a symbol of their identity and culture. In an important textbook in the field, Holmes (1992: 70) confirms that ‘Language is an important component of identity and culture for many groups, maintaining their distinct identity and culture is usually important to … self esteem.’ What are we then to make of the extensive code-switching that I will be documenting in this article? Linguists' tolerance has certainly extended to code-switching studies in Africa, from which much important data has been drawn. The main scholar in this area is Carol Myers-Scotton, whose two books on code-switching (1993a,b) were based primarily on her research in Africa and remain central to the field internationally. Scholars like Coupland and Jaworski (1997) propose that the use of mixed speech in a conversation is not necessarily a language defect but a sign of flexibility and creativity. Understanding the social, psycholinguistic and syntactic motivations for switching is one thing, but the applied linguist and educationist also has to ask serious questions about what this means for the future of local languages heavily implicated in code-switching.

English and Welsh in Contact

2020 ◽  
pp. 349-373
Author(s):  
Clive G. Grey
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Time Code ◽  
Syntactic Change ◽  
Welsh Language ◽  
Social Domains ◽  
Morphological System ◽  
Over Time

Welsh and English have been in contact for centuries. This chapter looks at the long-standing influence of the English language upon Welsh and its changing nature. Welsh is interesting for what it tells us about how English has itself changed phonetically over time. Modern Welsh and English, unlike German, share well-developed progressive verbal systems. Linguistic contact was not always unidirectional across the Welsh border. The chapter assesses some patterns of morphological and syntactic change in Welsh emerging in the 1970s as pressure from Anglicization westwards across Wales. Anglicization can be mapped in the distribution of loanwords as recorded in major dialect surveys of the period. Explaining the distribution of English loanwords across Wales, the assignment of grammatical gender to them, and their accommodation into the Welsh morphological system turns out to be unusually complex, not just dependent on how far the border is away from Welsh speakers, but also on how much Welsh is spoken as a first language in that area but also linked to local attitudes toward the Welsh language itself, and the perception of threats to it from the use and spread of English across most social domains at that time. Code-switching and borrowing is closely linked to unstable bilingualism, and attitudes toward Anglicization.

scholarly journals CODE SWITCHING IN BILINGUAL CLASSROOM

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Rakhmat Wahyudin Sagala ◽  
Bambang Panca Syahputra
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Bilingual Classroom

Nowadays, universal language which is used in the world is English. The ability of speaking English is being a prerequisite to be someone’s success in the future. The aim of this study is to find the phenomenon of code switching in bilingual classroom which focused on types of grammatical code switching and reasons of using grammatical code switching. This research applied descriptive qualitative research which obtained the data from the discourse of lecturers and students in bilingual classroom at Universitas Negeri Medan. The researchers applied observation, interview and documentation. The data showed that lecturers and students used grammatical code switching in the classroom such as 2 tag code switching, 12 inter-sentential code switching, 22 intra-sentential code switching, 3 proper nouns, 1 negative words, 8 similarity of words in languages and 3 discourse marker. There are some reasons why the participants used code switching in their discourse. First, code switching made students more understand what the lecturers explained because not all bilingual students are able to speak English. Second, they used code switching because lack of vocabulary in English and so that they switched languages to make the material were easier to be understood.Keywords— Code Switching, Types of Grammatical Code Switching, Reasons of Code Switching, Bilingual Education

scholarly journals THE CONSERVATIVE GOVERNMENTS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF WELSH LANGUAGE POLICY IN THE 1980s AND 1990s

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW EDWARDS ◽  
DUNCAN TANNER ◽  
PATRICK CARLIN
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Television Channel ◽  
Welsh Language ◽  
The Future

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the advances made to safeguard the future of the Welsh language under the Conservative governments of the 1980s and 1990s. These advancements included the establishment of a Welsh language television channel, advancements in the field of Welsh language education, the formation of a Welsh Language Board, and, finally, the implementation of a new Welsh Language Act in 1993. Challenging popular assumptions regarding the nature of Conservative governance during this period, the article examines the background and context of these developments by highlighting the limitations of ‘Thatcherite’ dogma not only in ‘second order’ areas of policy, but also in a nation where Tory roots were not deeply embedded.

Community Music Wales: Training musicians for the future

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Community Music ◽  
Tutor Training ◽  
Community Work ◽  
National Organization ◽  
Welsh Language ◽  
The Future

This article focuses on the development of the charity Community Music Wales (CMW), which grew from a small collective of musicians in Cardiff in the 1980s to a national organization. Although comparisons can be drawn to other UK-based organizations such as Making Music UK, CMW is unique in its broad range of activities. The article outlines key milestones in the development of CMW throughout its 28 years of operation, including the introduction of its first music mentoring scheme, its community record label and its Welsh language label – Ciwdod. The article also highlights the development of community work that engages with key themes such as mental health and the environment. By engaging with company archives, the article considers quantitative data, such as the numbers of musicians who have attended training. Most importantly, it outlines how tutor training has upskilled the workforce and supported the creative economy of Wales.

scholarly journals Classroom code-switching: three decades of research

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Lin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
The Future ◽  
Critical Reflections

AbstractIn this paper I provide a review of the historical development of different research paradigms and approaches adopted in studies on classroom code-switching. I also discuss the difficulties and problems faced by this field of studies and share some of my own critical reflections on how this field might move forward in the future, speaking from the position of a researcher who has been engaged in this area of studies for close to three decades.

scholarly journals Loanwords in Welsh: Frequency Analysis on the Basis of Cronfa Electronaeg o Gymraeg

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Elena Parina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Welsh Language ◽  
Celtic Languages ◽  
French And English ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Norman French ◽  
Prevailing View

The Welsh language adopted words from several languages, the most important being Latin, Norman French and English. As noted by Prof. Hildegard Tristram, the issues of English influence on the Insular Celtic languages did not receive due attention because of political undercurrents of the British Isles [Tristram 2002: 258]. The research of T.H. Parry-Williams [Parry-Williams 1924] still remains the main work on the subject. The prevailing view of the Welsh-speaking community on this topic can be seen in the name of a series of articles in the Mabon journal during the 1970s: Sut i beidio ag ysgrifennu Saesneg yn Gymraeg (How not to write English in Welsh) (e.g. [Roberts 1973]). This prescriptivism is avoided mainly in dialectal and code-switching studies, which cannot be prescriptive by definition, but still there are many issues awaiting description. In our paper we would like to present the result of our research, in which we analyse loanwords in two Welsh corpora. The first should be more precisely called a text massive, as only a part of it is available electronically yet. It consists of the 11 texts of the Mabinogi in the broader, Lady Charlotte Guest’s, sense and represents a classical sample of the Middle Welsh prose language. The second is the Bangor corpus of the Modern Welsh language. Selecting the loanwords in the top 1000 of the most frequent words in both corpora and comparing those two lists provides ideas on the English/Latin loanwords ratio in the language, their place in the whole vocabulary, and the correlation between Middle and Modern Welsh. Taking into account the less frequent loanwords allows refining the results.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF CODE SWITCHING USED IN CLASSROOM

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Friskila N. Gerungan ◽  
Sanerita T. Olii ◽  
Fivy Andries
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
English Learning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study is aimed at analysing the forms or types of code switching and describing the meaning of the forms used by teacher or students in English learning process in classroom. In conducting this reseearch, the writer used descriptive method. The data were taken during English lerning process, where, there are teacher and students in. To collect the data the writer used recorder and notes.  The data collected were analyzed by doing Unitization, Categorization, Explanation and Interpretation in English words and sentence, used as code switching during the classroom.The findings in this study show that code switching used by teacher and students during the English learning process are form of intersentensial code switching, intrasentensial code switching and tag switching. The meaning of those forms or sentence depend on structure of the sentence or context of the sentence. It is expected that, this research can give a contribution to the development of sosiolinguistics, and give motivation to other researcher to combine or improve the same topic of research in the future to develop English leraning process. Keywords: Code Switching, English Learning Process

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