The future of code-switching research

2018 ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almeida Jacqueline Toribio
Keyword(s):  
Code Switching ◽  
The Future

Linguistic interplay between Yoruba and English

English Today ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Grace Ebunlola Adamo
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
British Colonization ◽  
The Future ◽  
Yoruba Language ◽  
Local Languages

The purpose of this paper is to foreground the extent to which the English language has eroded the originality and purity of the Yoruba language. The main focus will be on code-switching practices, which I believe to be detrimental to Yoruba in the long run. Although linguists have long proposed a ‘leave-your-language-alone’ attitude (see Hall, 1950), there is little doubt that the effects of first British colonization and then globalization have changed the linguistic ecology of Africa. Few sociolinguists would deny that a people's language is a symbol of their identity and culture. In an important textbook in the field, Holmes (1992: 70) confirms that ‘Language is an important component of identity and culture for many groups, maintaining their distinct identity and culture is usually important to … self esteem.’ What are we then to make of the extensive code-switching that I will be documenting in this article? Linguists' tolerance has certainly extended to code-switching studies in Africa, from which much important data has been drawn. The main scholar in this area is Carol Myers-Scotton, whose two books on code-switching (1993a,b) were based primarily on her research in Africa and remain central to the field internationally. Scholars like Coupland and Jaworski (1997) propose that the use of mixed speech in a conversation is not necessarily a language defect but a sign of flexibility and creativity. Understanding the social, psycholinguistic and syntactic motivations for switching is one thing, but the applied linguist and educationist also has to ask serious questions about what this means for the future of local languages heavily implicated in code-switching.

scholarly journals CODE SWITCHING IN BILINGUAL CLASSROOM

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Rakhmat Wahyudin Sagala ◽  
Bambang Panca Syahputra
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Bilingual Classroom

Nowadays, universal language which is used in the world is English. The ability of speaking English is being a prerequisite to be someone’s success in the future. The aim of this study is to find the phenomenon of code switching in bilingual classroom which focused on types of grammatical code switching and reasons of using grammatical code switching. This research applied descriptive qualitative research which obtained the data from the discourse of lecturers and students in bilingual classroom at Universitas Negeri Medan. The researchers applied observation, interview and documentation. The data showed that lecturers and students used grammatical code switching in the classroom such as 2 tag code switching, 12 inter-sentential code switching, 22 intra-sentential code switching, 3 proper nouns, 1 negative words, 8 similarity of words in languages and 3 discourse marker. There are some reasons why the participants used code switching in their discourse. First, code switching made students more understand what the lecturers explained because not all bilingual students are able to speak English. Second, they used code switching because lack of vocabulary in English and so that they switched languages to make the material were easier to be understood.Keywords— Code Switching, Types of Grammatical Code Switching, Reasons of Code Switching, Bilingual Education

scholarly journals Classroom code-switching: three decades of research

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Lin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
The Future ◽  
Critical Reflections

AbstractIn this paper I provide a review of the historical development of different research paradigms and approaches adopted in studies on classroom code-switching. I also discuss the difficulties and problems faced by this field of studies and share some of my own critical reflections on how this field might move forward in the future, speaking from the position of a researcher who has been engaged in this area of studies for close to three decades.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF CODE SWITCHING USED IN CLASSROOM

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Friskila N. Gerungan ◽  
Sanerita T. Olii ◽  
Fivy Andries
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
English Learning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study is aimed at analysing the forms or types of code switching and describing the meaning of the forms used by teacher or students in English learning process in classroom. In conducting this reseearch, the writer used descriptive method. The data were taken during English lerning process, where, there are teacher and students in. To collect the data the writer used recorder and notes.  The data collected were analyzed by doing Unitization, Categorization, Explanation and Interpretation in English words and sentence, used as code switching during the classroom.The findings in this study show that code switching used by teacher and students during the English learning process are form of intersentensial code switching, intrasentensial code switching and tag switching. The meaning of those forms or sentence depend on structure of the sentence or context of the sentence. It is expected that, this research can give a contribution to the development of sosiolinguistics, and give motivation to other researcher to combine or improve the same topic of research in the future to develop English leraning process. Keywords: Code Switching, English Learning Process

International determination of the total motion of the pole

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Wm. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Future

A symposium on the future of the International Latitude Service (I. L. S.) is to be held in Helsinki in July 1960. My report for the symposium consists of two parts. Part I, denoded (Mk I) was published [1] earlier in 1960 under the title “Latitude and Longitude, and the Secular Motion of the Pole”. Part II is the present paper, denoded (Mk II).

Status of the Lick Proper Motion Program

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 387-388
Author(s):  
A. R. Klemola
Keyword(s):  
Proper Motion ◽  
The Future

Second-epoch photographs have now been obtained for nearly 850 of the 1246 fields of the proper motion program with centers at declination -20° and northwards. For the sky at 0° and northward only 130 fields remain to be taken in the next year or two. The 270 southern fields with centers at -5° to -20° remain for the future.

Some Structural Features of Metaphase Chromosomes of Mice and Men

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
Godfrey C. Hoskins ◽  
Betty B. Hoskins
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Of Mice And Men ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Human And Mouse

Metaphase chromosomes from human and mouse cells in vitro are isolated by micrurgy, fixed, and placed on grids for electron microscopy. Interpretations of electron micrographs by current methods indicate the following structural features.Chromosomal spindle fibrils about 200Å thick form fascicles about 600Å thick, wrapped by dense spiraling fibrils (DSF) less than 100Å thick as they near the kinomere. Such a fascicle joins the future daughter kinomere of each metaphase chromatid with those of adjacent non-homologous chromatids to either side. Thus, four fascicles (SF, 1-4) attach to each metaphase kinomere (K). It is thought that fascicles extend from the kinomere poleward, fray out to let chromosomal fibrils act as traction fibrils against polar fibrils, then regroup to join the adjacent kinomere.

Freeze-fracture cytochemistry: A goal set by Russell Steere in 1957

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Nicholas J Severs
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Membrane Biology ◽  
Routine Application ◽  
The Future ◽  
Freeze Etching

In his pioneering demonstration of the potential of freeze-etching in biological systems, Russell Steere assessed the future promise and limitations of the technique with remarkable foresight. Item 2 in his list of inherent difficulties as they then stood stated “The chemical nature of the objects seen in the replica cannot be determined”. This defined a major goal for practitioners of freeze-fracture which, for more than a decade, seemed unattainable. It was not until the introduction of the label-fracture-etch technique in the early 1970s that the mould was broken, and not until the following decade that the full scope of modern freeze-fracture cytochemistry took shape. The culmination of these developments in the 1990s now equips the researcher with a set of effective techniques for routine application in cell and membrane biology.Freeze-fracture cytochemical techniques are all designed to provide information on the chemical nature of structural components revealed by freeze-fracture, but differ in how this is achieved, in precisely what type of information is obtained, and in which types of specimen can be studied.

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