Detection of β-1-4-galactan in compression wood of Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière] by immunofluorescence

Holzforschung ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Altaner ◽  
Adrian I. Hapca ◽  
J. Paul Knox ◽  
Michael C. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
S2 Layer ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

Abstract β-1-4-Galactan has been detected in Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière] by an immunofluorescence procedure. The anti-β-1-4-galactan monoclonal antibody LM5 was found to bind to compression wood (CW) tissue as identified by cell morphology features. In cross-sections, year rings with very fine bands of galactan-containing tissue were found. Cells in these bands expressed no morphological CW features. This finding was interpreted to imply that β-1-4-galactan synthesis is one of the first physiological reactions of CW formation. In cases where the CW character was pronounced, galactan was exclusively located in the outer cell-wall layers and was absent from the majority of the inner S2 layer.

A freeze-etch study of plant cell walls for ectodesmata

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2033-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Lyon ◽  
W. C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Epidermal Cell Wall ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

Leaf tissue of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Plantago major L. was prepared by the freeze-etch technique and examined in the electron microscope for the presence of ectodesmata. No structures analagous to ectodesmata observed with light microscopy could be found in freeze-etched preparations of chemically unfixed material or in material fixed only in glutaraldehyde. Objects appearing as broad, shallow, granular areas in the epidermal cell wall beneath the cuticle were observed in leaf replicas after fixation in complete sublimate fixative, the acid components of the sublimate fixative, or mercuric chloride alone. Because of their distribution and location, these objects can be considered analagous to ectodesmata observed by light microscopists. Because these areas occur only in chemically fixed walls and are localized within the walls in discrete areas, their presence supports the contention that ectodesmata are sites in the outer cell wall with defined physicochemical characteristics.

scholarly journals Spreading of a mycobacterial cell-surface lipid into host epithelial membranes promotes infectivity

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Cambier ◽  
Steven M Banik ◽  
Joseph A Buonomo ◽  
Carolyn R Bertozzi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Surface Lipid ◽  
Epithelial Membranes ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

Several virulence lipids populate the outer cell wall of pathogenic mycobacteria. Phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM), one of the most abundant outer membrane lipids, plays important roles in both defending against host antimicrobial programs and in evading these programs altogether. Immediately following infection, mycobacteria rely on PDIM to evade Myd88-dependent recruitment of microbicidal monocytes which can clear infection. To circumvent the limitations in using genetics to understand virulence lipids, we developed a chemical approach to track PDIM during Mycobacterium marinum infection of zebrafish. We found that PDIM's methyl-branched lipid tails enabled it to spread into host epithelial membranes to prevent immune activation. Additionally, PDIM’s affinity for cholesterol promoted this phenotype; treatment of zebrafish with statins, cholesterol synthesis inhibitors, decreased spreading and provided protection from infection. This work establishes that interactions between host and pathogen lipids influence mycobacterial infectivity and suggests the use of statins as tuberculosis preventive therapy by inhibiting PDIM spread.

scholarly journals Changes in structure of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings shoots under aluminum stress conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Konarska
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Al Treatment ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

The seedlings of the red pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) cv. Trapez grown in water culture for a period of 14 days with Al (0, 10, 20 and 40 mg·dm<sup>-3</sup> AlCl<sub>3</sub>·6 H<sub>2</sub>O). Some morphological and anatomical features of red pepper shoots were analyzed. Reduction in height and diameter of stems as well as decrease in fresh mass of shoots were observed after Al-treatment. In the hypocotyl the thickness of cortex parenchyma layer and the size of their cells were reduced. The aluminum treatment resulted in the increased in thickness of the epidermis outer cell wall. Under Al stress in the cotrex and the central cylinder parenchyma cells were present numerous enlarge plastids which contained large grains of starch and dark little bodies which were possible aluminum deposits. They weren`t observed in control seedlings.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) internalization and passage through the Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae) outer cell wall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergimar Kennedy de Paiva Pinheiro ◽  
Thaiz Batista Azevedo Rangel Miguel ◽  
Marlos de Medeiros Chaves ◽  
Francisco Claudio de Freitas Barros ◽  
Camila Pessoa Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

Production of Monoclonal Antibodies Against the Outer Cell Wall ofClostridium tyrobutyricum

Hybridoma ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCOISE TALBOT ◽  
GEORGES ROBREAU ◽  
FRANCOISE GUEGUEN ◽  
ROGER MALCOSTE
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

scholarly journals Conidial Hydrophobins of Aspergillus fumigatus

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1581-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Paris ◽  
Jean-Paul Debeaupuis ◽  
Reto Crameri ◽  
Marilyn Carey ◽  
Franck Charlès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Amorphous Layer ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Wall Layer ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

ABSTRACT The surface of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia, the first structure recognized by the host immune system, is covered by rodlets. We report that this outer cell wall layer contains two hydrophobins, RodAp and RodBp, which are found as highly insoluble complexes. The RODA gene was previously characterized, and ΔrodA conidia do not display a rodlet layer (N. Thau, M. Monod, B. Crestani, C. Rolland, G. Tronchin, J. P. Latgé, and S. Paris, Infect. Immun. 62:4380-4388, 1994). The RODB gene was cloned and disrupted. RodBp was highly homologous to RodAp and different from DewAp of A. nidulans. ΔrodB conidia had a rodlet layer similar to that of the wild-type conidia. Therefore, unlike RodAp, RodBp is not required for rodlet formation. The surface of ΔrodA conidia is granular; in contrast, an amorphous layer is present at the surface of the conidia of the ΔrodA ΔrodB double mutant. These data show that RodBp plays a role in the structure of the conidial cell wall. Moreover, rodletless mutants are more sensitive to killing by alveolar macrophages, suggesting that RodAp or the rodlet structure is involved in the resistance to host cells.

The effects of chlorpromazine on the outer cell wall of Salmonella typhimurium in ensuring resistance to the drug

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Amaral ◽  
Jette E Kristiansen ◽  
Villy Frølund Thomsen ◽  
Bogooljub Markovich
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

Molecular xylem cell wall structure of an inclined Cycas micronesica stem, a tropical gymnosperm

IAWA Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens M. Altaner ◽  
Michael C. Jarvis ◽  
Jack B. Fisher ◽  
Thomas E. Marler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Structure ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Cellulose Fibrils

The molecular structure of tracheid walls of an inclined eccentrically grown stem of Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill did not differ between the upper and lower side. The absence the typical molecular features of compression wood tracheids, i.e. an increased galactose and lignin content as well as an increased microfibril angle, indicated that cycads do not have the ability to form even very mild forms of compression wood, which lacks anatomical features commonly observed in compression wood. Analysis of the sugar monomers in Cycas micronesica tracheids did reveal a rather unique composition of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides for a gymnosperm. The low mannose and high xylose content resembled a cell wall matrix common in angiosperms. The crystalline cellulose structure in Cycas micronesica tracheids closely resembled those of secondary cell walls in Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. tracheids. However, the spacing between the sheets of cellulose chains was wider and the cellulose fibrils appeared to form larger aggregates than in Sitka spruce tracheids.

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