De-esterification and sulfonation in spruce CTMP: Effects on pulp and paper properties

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Konn ◽  
Lari Vähäsalo ◽  
Andrey Pranovich ◽  
Bjarne Holmbom
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide ◽  
Chemithermomechanical Pulping ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract De-esterification and sulfonation reactions, which create new anionic groups in the middle lamella and primary wall layers, are the key chemical reactions in chemithermomechanical pulping. The effects of these reactions on the resulting fibre dimensions, refining energy demand, hand-sheet bulk and strength properties were assessed by laboratory-scale chemical pre-treatments and refining of Norway spruce chips. After pre-treatments with alkaline, sulfite, alkaline sulfite and alkaline peroxide liquors, a Wing defibrator-type batch refiner was used. The refining energy was measured. The degree of alkaline hydrolysis of acetyl and methyl ester groups in galactoglucomannans (GGMs) and pectins, and the degree of lignin sulfonation were determined. Hand-sheets were prepared and their physical properties were tested. The data were subjected to multivariate analysis and the order of significance of the chemical reactions towards pulp and paper properties was estimated. Chemical pre-treatments were found to increase the fibre length and the energy demand considerably. The fibre length and width after refining were strongly influenced by lignin sulfonation and pectin demethylation. GGM deacetylation had little influence on preserving the fibre dimensions in CTMP refining. The bulk, on the other hand, was highly influenced by GGM deacetylation. Peroxide reactions in alkaline peroxide treatments had no effect on the pulp and paper properties.

scholarly journals Pulping properties of kraft pulp of Nigerian-grown kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

BioResources ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 751-761
Author(s):  
Jacob Smith Udohitinah ◽  
Abiodun Oluwafemi Oluwadare
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Length ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Bast Fibre ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Kenaf Bast

This study was centered on finding a locally sourced alternative to imported long-fibre pulp for Nigerian pulp and paper mills. Fibre characteristics, chemical composition, and paper properties of pulp handsheets at different levels of kappa number and freeness in the range of 10 oSR and 62 oSR were evaluated using air-dried bast fibre obtained from decorticated kenaf plants grown in southern guinea savanna near Jebba, Nigeria. Kenaf bast fibre compared well with softwood, with an average fibre length of 2.90 mm, a flexibility ratio of 57%, and a Runkel ratio of 0.76. Ash, lignin, and pentosan contents were 0.6%, 12.5%, and 10.6%, respectively, while the cellulose content was 55.5%. Under alkali charge of 15.0 and, sulphidity of 17.5 with constant temperature, cooking time, and liquor-to-fibre ratio of 4.5:1, the screen yield was between 48.8 to 52.8 % with kappa number 12.04 to 20.5. Unbleached pulpsheets at kappa number between 15 and18.5 and pulp freeness 55 oSR and bleached pulp freeness between 148 and 336 mLs had better quality paper in terms of overall pulpsheet strength properties.

Dissolution of fibre material in alkaline pre-treatment and refining of spruce CTMP

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Konn ◽  
Andrey Pranovich ◽  
Bjarne Holmbom
Keyword(s):  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Wood Component ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Residual Amount ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Alkali Consumption ◽  
Acid Methanolysis ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Chemithermomechanical Pulping

Abstract The chemistry of chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP) was assessed by chemical pre-treatment of spruce chips, followed by laboratory-scale refining. Pre-treatments with alkali, sulfite, alkaline sulfite and alkaline peroxide liquors were carried out at 40°C, 60°C and 80°C. The sodium hydroxide dosages were 1% and 2% and the sodium sulfite and hydrogen peroxide dosages were 2%, 4% and 6% on a dry wood basis. Process water samples were taken before and after refining. Alkali consumption in the pre-treatments and the amount and composition of released wood components were determined. A major part of the alkali was consumed in the alkaline and alkaline sulfite pre-treatments. In the alkaline peroxide pre-treatments, however, alkali consumption was considerably lower. Acetic acid was the main wood component released to the process waters in alkaline pre-treatments. Pectins, determined as galacturonic acid and rhamnose by acid methanolysis, were also released to some extent, as well as easily soluble polysaccharides. After fibre separation in refining, more hemicelluloses and pectins were released. There was a significant difference between the degree of demethylation for pectins and the degree of deacetylation for galactoglucomannans after the pre-treatments. The diffusion of chemicals into the secondary wall layers seemed to be slower than the liquor penetration into the porous middle lamella through the pit pores. Up to 10% of the pectins were dissolved in the process waters as a result of depolymerisation and extensive demethylation. The residual amount of pectins in the fibres, however, was determined to be as low as 65–70% of the initial pectin content.

SEM Study of Tension Wood Fiber Morphology and its Effect on Paper Properties

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
K. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Tension Wood ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Hardwood Trees ◽  
Sem Study

Tension wood (TW) is an abnormal tissue of hardwood trees; although it has been isolated from most parts of the tree, it is frequently found on the upper side of branches and leaning stems. TW has been classically associated with geotropic alignment, but more recently it has been associated with fast growth. Paper made from TW is generally lower in strength properties. Consequently, the paper industries' growing dependence on fast growing, short- rotation trees will result in higher amounts of TW in the final product and a corresponding reduction in strength.Relatively few studies have dealt with the role of TW in the structure of paper. It was suggested that the lower strength properties of TW were due to a combination of factors, namely, its unique morphology, compression failures in the cell wall, and lower hemicellulose content. Central to the unique morphology of the TW fiber is the thick gelatinous layer (G-layer) composed almost entirely of pure cellulose.

Co-cooking nonwoods with hardwoods

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
TROY RUNGE ◽  
CHUNHUI ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Xylan Content

Agricultural residues and energy crops are promising resources that can be utilized in the pulp and paper industry. This study examines the potential of co-cooking nonwood materials with hardwoods as means to incorporate nonwood material into a paper furnish. Specifically, miscanthus, switchgrass, and corn stover were substituted for poplar hardwood chips in the amounts of 10 wt %, 20 wt %, and 30 wt %, and the blends were subjected to kraft pulping experiments. The pulps were then bleached with an OD(EP)D sequence and then refined and formed into handsheets to characterize their physical properties. Surprisingly, all three co-cooked pulps showed improved strength properties (up to 35%). Sugar measurement of the pulps by high-performance liquid chromatography suggested that the strength increase correlated with enriched xylan content.

Does kraft hardwood and softwood pulp viscosity correlate to paper properties?

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. OGLESBY ◽  
HUMPHREY J. MOYNIHAN ◽  
RICARDO B. SANTOS ◽  
ASHOK GHOSH ◽  
PETER W. HART
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Pulp Viscosity ◽  
Softwood Pulp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Paper

The impact of commercially prepared, fully bleached pulp viscosity variation on handsheet physical properties was evaluated at different levels of pulp refining. Hardwood pulps from the same brownstock species mix, cooking parameters, and kappa numbers were processed through two different commercial bleach plants: one with a D0(EP)D1D2 sequence and the second with an OD0(EOP)D1 sequence. Additionally, a commercial softwood (predominately Scotts pine) brownstock pulp bleached by an OD0(EP)D1D2 sequence was employed in this study. Pulps with viscosities ranging from 14 to 21 mPa∙s were refined in a Valley beater to two freeness levels, and the associated handsheet physical properties were measured in this study. Over the pulp viscosity range of 14 to 21 mPa∙s, no clear correlation was found to exist between pulp viscosity and related paper physical properties. Finally, a series of laboratory prepared bleached pulps were purposely prepared under non-ideal conditions to reduce their final viscosities to lower values. Handsheets made from these pulps were tested in their unbeaten condition for physical strength properties. Significant and rapid strength loss occurred when the measured pulp viscosity dropped below 12 mPa∙s; overall strength properties showed no correlation to viscosity above the critical 12 mPa∙s value.

Multiple recycling of paperboard: Paperboard characteristics and maximum number of recycling cycles— Part I: Multiple recycling of corrugated base paper

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
FREDERIC KREPLIN ◽  
HANS-JOACHIM PUTZ ◽  
SAMUEL SCHABEL
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Corrugated Board ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Base Paper ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Short Span ◽  
Multiple Recycling

Paper for recycling is an important fiber source for the production of corrugated base paper. The change in production capacity toward more and more packaging papers affects the composition of paper for recycling and influences the paper quality. This research project investigated the influence of the multiple recycling of five different corrugated base papers (kraftliner, neutral sulfite semichemical [NSSC] fluting, corrugating medium, testliner 2, and testliner 3) on suspension and strength properties under laboratory conditions. The corrugated board base papers were repulped in a low consistency pulper and processed into Rapid-Köthen laboratory sheets. The sheets were then recycled up to 15 times in the same process. In each cycle, the suspension and the paper properties were recorded. In particular, the focus was on corrugated board-specific parameters, such as short-span compression test, ring crush test, corrugating medium test, and burst. The study results indicate how multiple recycling under laboratory conditions affects fiber and paper properties.

scholarly journals Selected Grass Plants as Biomass Fuels and Raw Materials for Papermaking, Part II. Pulp and Paper Properties

BioResources ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Danielewicz ◽  
Barbara Surma-Ślusarska ◽  
Grzegorz Żurek ◽  
Danuta Martyniak ◽  
Magdalena Kmiotek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Paper Properties

Chemithermomechanical pulping of white birch for newsprint

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-492
Author(s):  
K. N. Law ◽  
P. Rioux ◽  
M. Lapointe ◽  
J. L. Valade
Keyword(s):  
Partial Replacement ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Chemical Pulp ◽  
Chemithermomechanical Pulping

The main objective of the study was to investigate the mechanical pulping characteristics of white birch (Betulapapyrifera Marsh.) by a chemithermomechanical process using NaOH and Na2SO3 in the pretreatment of chips prior to pressurized refining. The results indicated that the NaOH had significant effect upon the pulp quality, whereas the Na2SO3 was of limited importance. Chemithermomechanical pulp of white birch was further found to be suitable for at least partial replacement of high-cost chemical pulp component, customarily added to newsprint furnishes, without lowering of paper properties.

Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of olive tree wood by steam explosion and alkaline peroxide delignification

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Cara ◽  
Encarnación Ruiz ◽  
Ignacio Ballesteros ◽  
María J. Negro ◽  
Eulogio Castro
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Tree Wood ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Peroxide Delignification

scholarly journals Pulp and Paper Potentials of Alkaline Peroxide Pre-Treated of Oil Palm Waste and Industrial Application

Palm Oil ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paridah Md. Tahir ◽  
Folahan Abdulwahab Taiwo Owolabi ◽  
Abdul Khalil H.P. Shawkataly ◽  
Abbas F. Mubarak Alkarkhi ◽  
Elemo Gloria Nwakaego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide ◽  
Palm Waste ◽  
Oil Palm Waste
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