Dissolution of fibre material in alkaline pre-treatment and refining of spruce CTMP

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Konn ◽  
Andrey Pranovich ◽  
Bjarne Holmbom
Keyword(s):  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Wood Component ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Residual Amount ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Alkali Consumption ◽  
Acid Methanolysis ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Chemithermomechanical Pulping

Abstract The chemistry of chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP) was assessed by chemical pre-treatment of spruce chips, followed by laboratory-scale refining. Pre-treatments with alkali, sulfite, alkaline sulfite and alkaline peroxide liquors were carried out at 40°C, 60°C and 80°C. The sodium hydroxide dosages were 1% and 2% and the sodium sulfite and hydrogen peroxide dosages were 2%, 4% and 6% on a dry wood basis. Process water samples were taken before and after refining. Alkali consumption in the pre-treatments and the amount and composition of released wood components were determined. A major part of the alkali was consumed in the alkaline and alkaline sulfite pre-treatments. In the alkaline peroxide pre-treatments, however, alkali consumption was considerably lower. Acetic acid was the main wood component released to the process waters in alkaline pre-treatments. Pectins, determined as galacturonic acid and rhamnose by acid methanolysis, were also released to some extent, as well as easily soluble polysaccharides. After fibre separation in refining, more hemicelluloses and pectins were released. There was a significant difference between the degree of demethylation for pectins and the degree of deacetylation for galactoglucomannans after the pre-treatments. The diffusion of chemicals into the secondary wall layers seemed to be slower than the liquor penetration into the porous middle lamella through the pit pores. Up to 10% of the pectins were dissolved in the process waters as a result of depolymerisation and extensive demethylation. The residual amount of pectins in the fibres, however, was determined to be as low as 65–70% of the initial pectin content.

OCT-Angiography as a reliable prognostic tool in laser-treated proliferative diabetic retinopathy: The RENOCTA Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212096345
Author(s):  
Marco Lupidi ◽  
Ramkailash Gujar ◽  
Alessio Cerquaglia ◽  
Jay Chhablani ◽  
Daniela Fruttini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Induced Changes

Purpose: To quantitatively assess retinal neovascularizations (RNVs) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) before and after photocoagulative laser treatment (PLT) using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A). Methods: Consecutive patients with PDR were examined with fluorescein angiography (FA) and OCT-A before and after PLT. Baseline and after-treatment FA images were quantitatively analyzed to assess both the RNVs area and leakage area. On OCT-A RNVs area, vascular perfusion density (VPD), vessel length density (VLD) and fractal dimension were computed. VPD of the full-retina OCT-A underneath the RNV was determined to evaluate potential laser-induced changes in vascular perfusion. Results: Fifteen eyes of 13 patients with PDR were enrolled. The mean area of the RNVs was 0.47 ± 0.50 mm2 in the baseline OCT-A and 0.32 ± 0.40 mm2 in the post-treatment assessment ( p = 0.0002). The mean RNV VPD of RNV was 2% ± 4% in pre-treatment and 1% ± 1% for the post-treatment ( p = 0.0001). The mean VLD of RNV was 7.26 ± 1.53 at baseline and 6.64 ± 1.65 in the post treatment ( p = 0.0002). A significant difference in terms of mean RNVs area and VPD reduction between eyes that needed additional treatment and those that did not (~40% vs ~20%; p < 0.05), was observed. Mean VPD of full-retinal thickness OCT-angiogram was 55% ± 10% for the pre-treatment and 53% ± 8% for the post treatment scan ( p = 0.02). Conclusion: The quantitative OCT-A assessment of laser-induced changes of RNVs can be a useful non-invasive approach for determining treatment efficacy. A reduction of RNVs area or VPD ⩾ 40% might reveal those eyes that won’t require additional treatment. Retinal perfusion impairment seemed to progress independently from the treatment.

De-esterification and sulfonation in spruce CTMP: Effects on pulp and paper properties

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Konn ◽  
Lari Vähäsalo ◽  
Andrey Pranovich ◽  
Bjarne Holmbom
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide ◽  
Chemithermomechanical Pulping ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract De-esterification and sulfonation reactions, which create new anionic groups in the middle lamella and primary wall layers, are the key chemical reactions in chemithermomechanical pulping. The effects of these reactions on the resulting fibre dimensions, refining energy demand, hand-sheet bulk and strength properties were assessed by laboratory-scale chemical pre-treatments and refining of Norway spruce chips. After pre-treatments with alkaline, sulfite, alkaline sulfite and alkaline peroxide liquors, a Wing defibrator-type batch refiner was used. The refining energy was measured. The degree of alkaline hydrolysis of acetyl and methyl ester groups in galactoglucomannans (GGMs) and pectins, and the degree of lignin sulfonation were determined. Hand-sheets were prepared and their physical properties were tested. The data were subjected to multivariate analysis and the order of significance of the chemical reactions towards pulp and paper properties was estimated. Chemical pre-treatments were found to increase the fibre length and the energy demand considerably. The fibre length and width after refining were strongly influenced by lignin sulfonation and pectin demethylation. GGM deacetylation had little influence on preserving the fibre dimensions in CTMP refining. The bulk, on the other hand, was highly influenced by GGM deacetylation. Peroxide reactions in alkaline peroxide treatments had no effect on the pulp and paper properties.

scholarly journals Acupuncture and Auricular Acupressure in Relieving Menopausal Hot Flashes of Bilaterally Ovariectomized Chinese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jue Zhou ◽  
Fan Qu ◽  
Xisheng Sang ◽  
Xiaotong Wang ◽  
Rui Nan
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Auricular Acupressure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment

The objective of this study is to explore the effects of acupuncture and auricular acupressure in relieving menopausal hot flashes of bilaterally ovariectomized Chinese women. Between May 2006 and March 2008, 46 bilaterally ovariectomized Chinese women were randomized into an acupuncture and auricular acupressure group (n= 21) and a hormone replacement therapy (HRT) group (Tibolone,n= 25). Each patient was given a standard daily log and was required to record the frequency and severity of hot flashes and side effects of the treatment felt daily, from 1 week before the treatment started to the fourth week after the treatment ended. The serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), LH and E2were detected before and after the treatment. After the treatment and the follow-up, both the severity and frequency of hot flashes in the two groups were relieved significantly when compared with pre-treatment (P<  .05). There was no significant difference in the severity of hot flashes between them after treatment (P>  .05), while after the follow-up, the severity of hot flashes in the HRT group was alleviated more. After the treatment and the follow-up, the frequency of menopausal hot flashes in the HRT group was reduced more (P<  .05). After treatment, the levels of FSH decreased significantly and the levels of E2increased significantly in both groups (P<  .05), and they changed more in the HRT group (P<  .05). Acupuncture and auricular acupressure can be used as alternative treatments to relieve menopausal hot flashes for those bilaterally ovariectomized women who are unable or unwilling to receive HRT.

scholarly journals Organoleptic evaluation of cherry fruits by pre-treatment with polysaccharide compositions

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Olena Vasylyshуna
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Storage Technologies

Cherry fruits have a short shelf life due to the period of their storage. Therefore, to extend it, a search for new storage technologies is underway. The purpose of the research carried out during 2016-2019 at the experimental pomology station named after L.P. Simirenko IS NAAN, was the determination of the organoleptic and physical characteristics of fresh cherry fruits before and after storage when processed with polysaccharide compositions. Studies have shown that the weight of cherry varieties Zhadana, Chance, Optimist and In Memoriam Artemenko are large, their weight ranges from 5.2 to 4.8 g. The color of cherry fruits, experimental varieties, determined by the light transmittance did not indicate a significant difference within the variety. The sugar-acid index of cherry fruits prevailed in cherry fruits of Elegant and Alpha varieties, taking values above 5. Cherry fruits had a good organoleptic evaluation. Among all the experimental varieties, the fruits of the Elegant cherry variety were distinguished by their excellent tasting evaluation, appearance and gloss. According to the studied physical and organoleptic parameters and the cluster analysis, the Griot Podbelsky variety (control) was more universal. According to the group of indicators, the fruits of cherry varieties: Alpha, Optimist and Zhadana differed from Elegant and Chance. The smallest changes, compared to the control, in the fruits of cherries varieties Alpha and Optimist. After storage of cherry fruits treated with chitosan with salicylic acid compared to untreated fruits, the taste of the fruit did not deteriorate. Fruits treated with a solution of salicylic acid with chitosan or sodium alginate had an excellent tasting score. The prospect of further research is to establish the effect of polysaccharide compositions based on chitosan and sodium alginate and organoleptic characteristics of cherries of different varieties after storage.

Medication overuse headache : The effectivity of IV lidocaine – magnesium

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
Nermin Tepe ◽  
Oktay Faysal Tertemiz
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Medication Overuse ◽  
Medication Overuse Headache ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Headache Severity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Multiple Treatments ◽  
Detoxification Process

The detoxification process in medication overuse headache is the most difficult process for the patient. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the combination of low dose IV lidocaine and magnesium (100 mg lidocaine and 1.25 mg magnesium) in patients with medication overuse headache during the detoxification process. A total of 30 patients were included in the study; 15 received 24 hours of IV hydration, 15 received 1-hour lidocaine-magnesium infusion at the onset of pain in addition to the 24 hours of IV hydration. Headache severity (numeric rating scale, NRS), attack durations, onset of headache, monthly analgesic/triptan intakes, numbers of monthly headache days data were documented. We evaluated the severity of headache before and after daily treatment of two groups for one week. When both groups were compared, there was no significant difference in the pre-treatment NRS values, whe­reas, in the group receiving IV lidocaine-magnesium combination, there was a statistically significant decrease in the post-treatment NRS values in the first five days (p <0.05). An 1-hour combined infusion of lidocaine-magnesium may be considered as an alternative option for the patient to have a more quality detoxification process during the hospital stay, so that in parallel to the reduction in the use of multiple treatments (such as neuroleptics, benzodiazepines, antiemetics and opioids) and duration length of stay, the economic costs can also be reduced. The administration of combination will bring fewer side effects compared to their administration separately.

124 Virtual Reality for Reducing Pain and Perioperative Anxiety in Pediatric Burn Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S83-S84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J Schwartz ◽  
Shawn Fagan ◽  
Beretta Craft-Coffman ◽  
Christopher A Truelove ◽  
Robert F Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Anxiety Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Introduction One of the most traumatizing and frightening experiences a child can experience is to sustain a burn injury. As a result, the child may experience excruciating pain and anxiety. The objective of this quality improvement project is use virtual reality as a nonpharmacologic intervention for pain and anxiety control and compare to traditional distractions methods. Methods There were 46 subjects ages 4 to 20 enrolled in a sample of convenience. Participants were given either virtual reality or distraction for dressing changes or minor surgical procedures. Before and after the surgical procedure or dressing change, the participants, their parent and nursing staff completed a Modified Yale Perioperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS, Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale or Numeric Rating System (NRS). Results There was no significant difference in FLACC, NRS, and mYPAS scale scores pre-treatment. The post treatment NRS scores were significantly different between distraction and virtual reality (p= 0.031). FLACC scores for the distraction group increased 3.5-fold, while the virtual reality group scores decreased (p.0.0008). Mean mYPAS scores decreased again showing a significant difference between distraction and virtual reality with p= 0.004. The score increased with distraction and decreased with virtual reality with a difference of 12. In all cases virtual reality was better than distraction, when measuring pain and anxiety. Conclusions This QI project demonstrates that VR was more effective in reducing both pain and anxiety in burned pediatric patients as opposed to traditional distraction post treatment. Traditional distraction unfortunately was shown to increase both pain and anxiety post treatment. These conclusions suggest that VR may be utilized as a non-pharmacologic treatment option in conjunction with standard treatment to help decrease pain and anxiety in acutely burned children. Applicability of Research to Practice This study increases the knowledge base and advances the evidence-based practice of advanced practice registered nurses in the specialty of burn care. It suggests that a non-pharmacologic intervention such as virtual reality can be used to effectively reduce pain and anxiety in children who are undergoing treatment for their burn injury.

scholarly journals Microbiota in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Before and After Mechanical Debridement With Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Peri-Implantitis

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Wenyue Li ◽  
Hongtao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Level 2

ObjectivesThis study aims to compare the microbiota of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) before and after mechanical debridement (MD) with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and determine the core efficient microbiota in peri-implantitis after treatment.MethodsWe recruited 9 patients (14 implants) treated with MD+aPDT for peri-implantitis at our center from February 1, 2018, to February 1, 2019. GCF was collected using filter paper strip before and after the treatment. The bacterial 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform to characterize the GCF. Bioinformatics and statistical analyses were performed using QIIME2 and R.ResultsA total of 4,110,861 high-quality sequences were obtained from GCF samples. Based on the reference database, 1,120 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were finally harvested. Principal coordinates analysis indicated significant differences in the bacterial community structure between the 180 days after-treatment group and pre-treatment group. Difference analysis and least discriminant analysis showed that the differences were mainly reflected in non-dominant bacteria between these two groups. The non-dominant genera with significantly different distribution between the 180 days after-treatment group and the pre-treatment group included Lactobacillus, Pedobacter, Bulleidia, Centipeda, Desulfovibrio, Ochrobactrum, Staphylococcus, Microbacterium, Brevundimonas, Desulfobulbus, and Parvimonas. Moreover, a total of 29 predictive functional categories at KEGG level 2 were identified. The significant difference pathways at KEGG level 2 between after-treatment and pre-treatment were concentrated in infectious disease-related pathways.ConclusionsPatients with peri-implantitis have significant changes in the low-abundance bacteria of the GCF before and after MD+aPDT. MD+aPDT may change the composition of GCF microbiota by increasing the abundance of cluster 1 (beneficial) and decreasing that of cluster 4 (harmful), which may decrease metabolic response to infection and thus improve peri-implantitis.

scholarly journals The clinical efficacy of orlistat in the treatment of obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3881
Author(s):  
Hande Peynirci
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Background: The prevalence of obesity is gradually increasing worldwide and reaches an epidemic extent. Currently, treatment of obesity with pharmacological options has gained importance due to the frequent failure of lifestyle changes. Anti-obesity medications have an unfortunate history that make many clinicians uncomfortable with their prescription. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of orlistat on weight loss and glycaemic parameters.Methods: Forty patients under orlistat treatment between November 2017 to October 2018 were recruited and their weight, body mass index (BMI), glucose, insulin, and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were recorded before and after treatment. Patients aged >18 years with BMI≥40 kg/m2 were enrolled to the study while having the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, those with gastrointestinal diseases, who were pregnant or in lactation period, using drugs that have an effect on weight, and who did not come their follow-up after 12 weeks were excluded.Results: Thirty-four patients were female, 6 were male, and the mean age was 42.75±10.60 years. The mean height found as 161.10±8.98 cm. Before treatment, the mean weight was 120.62±16.56 kg, BMI was 46.43±4.61 kg/m2, and HOMA-IR was 5.84±3.58. After 12 weeks, it was observed that the mean weight decreased to 112.67±16.21 kg, BMI to 43.35±4.55 kg/m2, and HOMA-IR to 3.73±2.38. There was a statistically significant difference in these parameters compared to the pre-treatment values.Conclusions: Given the lack of non-surgical treatments, orlistat can provide significant benefits in the current clinical practice when combined with the appropriate diet.

Effects of a Preparation Containing a Standardized Ginseng Extract Combined with Trace Elements and Multivitamins against Hepatotoxin-induced Chronic Liver Disease in the Elderly

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zuin ◽  
P. M. Battezzati ◽  
M. Camisasca ◽  
D. Riebenfeld ◽  
M. Podda
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment

A preparation containing a standardized ginseng extract which has been shown to exert anti-hepatotoxic activity in vitro, combined with trace elements and multi-vitamins was compared to placebo in 24 elderly out-patients with toxin-induced (alcohol and drugs) chronic liver disease in order to evaluate its effect on liver function. Each patient was blindly treated either with the preparation containing ginseng extract or placebo for 12 weeks. The preparation containing ginseng extract significantly modified bromsulphthalein retention and blood zinc levels when compared to pre-treatment levels and to placebo. Serum bile acids, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase before and after a fatty meal were significantly reduced after treatment with the test preparation and not with placebo. When the two treatment groups were compared, however, no significant difference in these parameters was observed. These results suggest that treatment with the preparation containing ginseng extract could improve the detoxifying activity of the liver in elderly patients with toxin-induced chronic liver disease.

scholarly journals Pilot study quantifying muscle glycosaminoglycan using bi-exponential T1ρ mapping in patients with muscle stiffness after stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv G. Menon ◽  
Preeti Raghavan ◽  
Ravinder R. Regatte
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Monitoring Tool ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
T1ρ Mapping ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractPost stroke muscle stiffness is a common problem, which left untreated can lead to disabling muscle contractures. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of bi-exponential T1ρ mapping in patients with arm muscle stiffness after stroke and its ability to measure treatment related changes in muscle glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Five patients with muscle stiffness after stroke and 5 healthy controls were recruited for imaging of the upper arm with 3D-T1ρ mapping. Patients were scanned before and after treatment with hyaluronidase injections, whereas the controls were scanned once. Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney tests compared patients vs. controls and patients pre-treatment vs. post-treatment. With bi-exponential modeling, the long component, T1ρl was significantly longer in the patients (biceps P = 0.01; triceps P = 0.004) compared to controls. There was also a significant difference in the signal fractions of the long and short components (biceps P = 0.03, triceps P = 0.04). The results suggest that muscle stiffness is characterized by increased muscle free water and GAG content. Post-treatment, the T1ρ parameters shifted toward control values. This pilot study demonstrates the application of bi-exponential T1ρ mapping as a marker for GAG content in muscle and as a potential treatment monitoring tool for patients with muscle stiffness after stroke.

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