Biological resistance of wood treated with zinc and copper metaborates

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Furuno ◽  
Fuyuki Wada ◽  
Sulaeman Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Double Diffusion ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Biological Resistance ◽  
Decay Test

Abstract Insoluble metaborates were formed by impregnating wood with borax and metallic salts, and the biological resistance of samples treated with metaborates was evaluated. The double-diffusion process was carried out to form metaborate precipitates in sapwood specimens of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). Water-saturated wood specimens were first impregnated by a saturated borax solution and then diffusion-penetrated with solutions of zinc sulfate or copper sulfate of different concentrations. In laboratory-scale termite tests of wood specimens treated with zinc and copper metaborates at five concentrations from 3% to 20% using a virulent subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus), metaborate-treated wood showed negligible weight loss, with high termite mortality at the lowest concentration of 3%. An additional termite test for treatments at lower concentrations of 1% and 2% revealed good termite resistance even with small weight gains of 2.3–6.7%. In field termite tests using a tropical dominant termite (Macrotermes gilvus) in Serpong, Indonesia, wood specimens of 2 cm (r)×2 cm (t)×10 cm (l) treated with metaborates at 5% and 20% showed little weight loss against termite attack for 2 months or more. In addition, in a decay test using a white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) and a brown-rot fungus (Fomitopsis palustris), metaborate-treated woods showed enhanced decay resistance. This superb enhancement of biological resistance against termite and decay attacks is considered to be attributable to the presence of metaborates containing effective components such as boron, zinc or copper in the cell walls, which were detected by EPMA observations.

Biological performance of copper azole-treated wood and wood-based composites

Holzforschung ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihat Tascioglu ◽  
Kunio Tsunoda
Keyword(s):  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Vacuum Impregnation ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Biological Resistance ◽  
Copper Azole

Abstract Vacuum-impregnation with copper azole was applied as a post-treatment to five commercially available wood-based composites with thicknesses of approximately 12 mm, such as softwood plywood (SWP), hardwood plywood (HWP), medium density fiberboard (MDF), oriented strand board (OSB), and particleboard (PB). Untreated and treated composites were tested for their resistance to decay fungi (brown rot fungus Fomitopsis palustris and white rot fungus Trametes versicolor) and the subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus by Japanese standardized laboratory test methods. Untreated MDF was highly resistant to both biological attacks and seemed to require no preservative treatment under less hazardous conditions, i.e., under protected and above-ground applications, with possible occasional wetting. PB was ranked second, and needed further protection only against C. formosanus. Copper azole did not adequately protect SWP from F. palustris and termite. OSB was not protected either against F. palustris and T. versicolor even at a concentration level of 1 kg copper azole per m3 in contrary to blocks of Cryptomeria japonica sapwood, which was protected at these concentration levels. The biological resistance of HWP was reasonably improved by copper azole. The performance of wood-based composites treated with copper azole, which was inferior to the biological resistance of treated C. japonica sapwood blocks, might depend on the thickness or layer profile, density as a result of porosity, uneven distribution of the preservative in the composites, and the susceptibility of the component raw materials.

Effect of ozonation on composting Japanese cedar wood meal

Holzforschung ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 913-918
Author(s):  
Tomoko Sugimoto ◽  
Shuji Hosoya ◽  
Koichi Yamamoto ◽  
Satoshi Oosawa ◽  
Akihiro Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Wood Meal ◽  
Decay Test

AbstractOzonized Japanese cedar wood meal was evaluated as a feedstock for compost. The composting experiment performed in a 1.8 m3tank during a 4-week period showed that the decomposition of organics was accelerated by the ozonation of wood meal during thermophilic phase. The same is true for decay test of white-rot (WR) fungus. The tested brown-rot (BR) fungus did not show any effect. Accordingly, the lignin degradation by ozone is advantageous for composting. In addition, liberation of ammonia, one source of odor development, was suppressed during the thermophilic phase of composting of ozonized wood meal.

Effects of Decay on the Mechanical Properties of Nailed Joints in Light Wood Frame Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Ying Gao ◽  
Shiyi Mei ◽  
Xingxia Ma ◽  
Xinmiao Meng
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linear Decline

Abstract For this study, spruce–pine–fir (Picea–Pinus–Abies [SPF]) specification material, oriented strand board (OSB), and domestic twisted nails that were driven vertically and perpendicular-to-grain were selected. Referring to GB/T 13942.1-2009, nailed joints specimens were exposed both to white rot fungus and brown rot fungus for 1 month to 6 months. The monotonous loading test was applied to the specimens based on ASTM D1761-88. The holding power of the nails and weight loss of both OSB and SPF were investigated. Theoretical maximum load of the nailed joints was calculated according to Eurocode5. Results illustrated that the load, stiffness, and energy consumption of the nailed joints showed significant linear decline with the decay time. A linear decline of the ductility coefficient was not obvious, and there was no obvious difference between white rot fungus and brown rot fungus. Effect of decay on the OSB was much greater than the impact on the SPF. The decay grade of the nailed joints was established according to the linear relationship between weight loss and maximum load. Based on Eurocode5, the study calculated the maximum load of the nailed joints and introduced the correction coefficient γ to better predict the maximum load.

Combined effect of boron compounds and heat treatments on wood properties: Boron release and decay and termite resistance

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nami Kartal
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Termite Resistance ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
Decay Tests

Abstract The decay and termite resistance of boric acid (BA)- and di-sodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT)-treated sugi sapwood was tested in the context of additional heat treatments at two temperature levels. Heat treatments had no effect on boron release and almost all boron was leached from specimens during a 10-day weathering period. Decay tests with the brown-rot fungus Fomitopsis palustris and the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor and a 3-week termite resistance test with the subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus were performed. Heat treatments did not increase the decay resistance of either BA- or DOT-treated specimens against the brown-rot fungus. However, the decay resistance of BA-treated specimens against the same fungus increased after heat treatment at 220°C for 2 h. Heat treatments at 180°C for 4 h and 220°C for 2 h also resulted in increased decay resistance of DOT-treated specimens against T. versi-color. Increased resistance against termite attack was observed only in DOT-treated specimens heated at 180°C for 4 h or at 220°C for 2 h. Accordingly, a synergistic effect between heat and DOT treatments was observed for resistance against white-rot decay and termites.

scholarly journals Natural Decay Resistance of Acacia auriculiformis Cunn. ex. Benth and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ashaduzzaman ◽  
AK Das ◽  
I Kayes ◽  
MI Shams
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Test Method ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Dalbergia Sissoo ◽  
Decay Test ◽  
Natural Decay

Natural decay resistance of two fast growing timber species, Acacia auriculiformis Cunn. ex. Benth. and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. grown in Bangladesh was evaluated by adopting an accelerated decay test method. The wood specimens were exposed to a white rot fungus, Schizophyllum communie for 12 weeks. The natural decay resistance was determined by the weight loss percentage of the tested wood specimens. The weight losses were found 2.0% and 4.37% in heartwood, and 22.19% and 13.61% in sapwood of A. auriculiformis and D. sissoo, respectively. In both the species, the weight loss was significantly higher in sapwood than heartwood. This means that heartwood was more resistant than sapwood. The weight loss significantly increased from bottom to top. Significant variation has been observed in weight loss between A. auriculiformis and D. sissoo both in heartwood and sapwood. The wood of A. auriculiformis and D. sissoo were classified as naturally durable following the standard classification of natural durability. Key words: Decay resistance; Acacia auriculiformis; Dalbergia sissoo; Schizophyllum communie; Accelerated decay test DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8189 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 225-230, 2011

Investigation of fungal decay of poplar wood treated with pistachio resin

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 779-788
Author(s):  
Maede Ahadnezhad ◽  
Soheila Izadyar ◽  
Davood Efhamisisi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus

The density, swelling, and fungal decay of poplar (Populus deltoides) wood treated with pistachio resin (PR) obtained from Pistacia atlantica were investigated. The white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor and the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana were used. Methanolic solutions of PR with different concentrations of 1%, 6%, 12%, and 15% were used as the preservative solution. Wood samples were saturated by two different vacuum/pressure (V/P) and dipping methods. The density, volumetric swelling of treated wood, and their mass loss (ML) caused by fungal decay were determined. The density of treated species increased to 15.4% and 5.8% for V/P and dipping methods, respectively, at 15% PR concentration. The volumetric swelling of the treated samples was reduced to 24.5% and 16.8% for V/P and dipping procedure, respectively, at 15% PR concentration. The mass loss of treated samples after exposure to T. versicolor was less than the untreated one (17.4% for V/P and 22.6% for dipping methods at 15% PR concentration). The results showed the better performance of V/P treatment in promotion of wood durability against fungal decay than the dipping method.

Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemically modified wood: wood degradation and translocation of nitrogen compounds

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Emmerich ◽  
Maja Bleckmann ◽  
Sarah Strohbusch ◽  
Christian Brischke ◽  
Susanne Bollmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Action ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Decay Tests ◽  
Modified Wood

Abstract Chemical wood modification has been used to modify wood and improve its decay resistance. However, the mode of protective action is still not fully understood. Occasionally, outdoor products made from chemically modified timber (CMT) show internal decay while their outer shell remains intact. Hence, it was hypothesized that wood decay fungi may grow through CMT without losing their capability to degrade non-modified wood. This study aimed at developing a laboratory test set-up to investigate (1) whether decay fungi grow through CMT and (2) retain their ability to degrade non-modified wood. Acetylated and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) treated wood were used in decay tests with modified ‘mantle specimens’ and untreated ‘core dowels’. It became evident that white rot (Trametes versicolor), brown rot (Coniophora puteana) and soft rot fungi can grow through CMT without losing their ability to degrade untreated wood. Consequently, full volume impregnation of wood with the modifying agent is required to achieve complete protection of wooden products. In decay tests with DMDHEU treated specimens, significant amounts of apparently non-fixated DMDHEU were translocated from modified mantle specimens to untreated wood cores. A diffusion-driven transport of nitrogen and DMDHEU seemed to be responsible for mass translocation during decay testing.

scholarly journals Evaluation and identification of walnut heartwood extractives for protection of poplar wood

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Seyyed Khalil Hosseini Hashemi ◽  
Ahmad Jahan Latibari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Vacuum Desiccator ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Complete Saturation ◽  
Heartwood Extractives

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) heartwood extractives were identified and their potential for protection of poplar wood was evaluated. Test specimens were prepared from poplar wood (Populus nigra L.) to meet BS 838:1961 requirements. Samples were impregnated with heartwood extractive solution (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5% w/w in ethanol-toluene), followed by 5 hours vacuum desiccator technique to reach complete saturation. Impregnated specimens were exposed to white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) for 14 weeks according to BS 838:1961 applying the kolle-flask method. The weight loss of samples was determined after exposure to white-rot fungus. The highest weight loss (36.96%) was observed for untreated control samples and the lowest weight loss (30.40%) was measured in samples treated with 1.5% extractives solution. The analyses of the extracts using GC/MS indicated that major constituents are benzoic acid,3,4,5-tri(hydroxyl) and gallic acid (44.57 %). The two toxic components in the heartwood are juglone (5.15 %) and 2,7-dimethylphenantheren (5.81 %).

scholarly journals The Impact of Paraffin-Thermal Modification of Beech Wood on Its Biological, Physical and Mechanical Properties

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Reinprecht ◽  
Miroslav Repák
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
European Beech ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Poria Placenta ◽  
The Impact

The European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood was thermally modified in the presence of paraffin at the temperatures of 190 or 210 °C for 1, 2, 3 or 4 h. A significant increase in its resistance to the brown-rot fungus Poria placenta (by 71.4%–98.4%) and the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor (by 50.1%–99.5%) was observed as a result of all modification modes. However, an increase in the resistance of beech wood surfaces to the mold Aspergillus niger was achieved only under more severe modification regimes taking 4 h at 190 or 210 °C. Water resistance of paraffin-thermally modified beech wood improved—soaking reduced by 30.2%–35.8% and volume swelling by 26.8%–62.9% after 336 h of exposure in water. On the contrary, its mechanical properties worsened—impact bending strength decreased by 17.8%–48.3% and Brinell hardness by 2.4%–63.9%.

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