Combined effect of boron compounds and heat treatments on wood properties: Boron release and decay and termite resistance

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nami Kartal
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Termite Resistance ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
Decay Tests

Abstract The decay and termite resistance of boric acid (BA)- and di-sodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT)-treated sugi sapwood was tested in the context of additional heat treatments at two temperature levels. Heat treatments had no effect on boron release and almost all boron was leached from specimens during a 10-day weathering period. Decay tests with the brown-rot fungus Fomitopsis palustris and the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor and a 3-week termite resistance test with the subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus were performed. Heat treatments did not increase the decay resistance of either BA- or DOT-treated specimens against the brown-rot fungus. However, the decay resistance of BA-treated specimens against the same fungus increased after heat treatment at 220°C for 2 h. Heat treatments at 180°C for 4 h and 220°C for 2 h also resulted in increased decay resistance of DOT-treated specimens against T. versi-color. Increased resistance against termite attack was observed only in DOT-treated specimens heated at 180°C for 4 h or at 220°C for 2 h. Accordingly, a synergistic effect between heat and DOT treatments was observed for resistance against white-rot decay and termites.

scholarly journals Fungal decay resistance of wood reacted with phosphorus pentoxide-amine system

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-L. Lee ◽  
G.C. Chen ◽  
R.M. Rowell
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Phosphorus Pentoxide ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Gloeophyllum Trabeum ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
Nitro Derivatives ◽  
Amine System

Abstract Resistance of wood reacted in situ with phosphorus pentoxide-amine to the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum and white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor was examined. Wood reacted with either octyl, tribromo, or nitro derivatives were more resistant to both fungi. Threshold retention values of phosphoramide-reacted wood to white-rot fungus T. versicolor ranged from 2.9 to 13.3 mmol, while these for brown-rot fungus G. trabeum ranged from 8.1 to 19.2 mmol. Wood reacted with phosphoramide tested to be more resistant to white-rot than brown-rot attack.

scholarly journals Durability and Fire Performance of Charred Wood Siding (Shou Sugi Ban)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1262
Author(s):  
Laura Hasburgh ◽  
Samuel Zelinka ◽  
Amy Bishell ◽  
Grant Kirker
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Soil Block ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
Charred Wood

Shou sugi ban, also known as yakisugi, or just sugi ban, is an aesthetic wood surface treatment that involves charring the surface of dimensional lumber, such as exterior cladding. The goal of this research is to examine the effect of shou sugi ban on the flammability and decay resistance of wood. Several species and variants of commercially available sugi ban were tested. The flammability was examined from the heat release rate curves using the oxygen consumption method and cone calorimeter. Durability was examined with a soil block assay for one white-rot fungus and one brown-rot fungus. The testing showed that the shou sugi ban process did not systematically improve the flammability or durability of the siding

Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemically modified wood: wood degradation and translocation of nitrogen compounds

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Emmerich ◽  
Maja Bleckmann ◽  
Sarah Strohbusch ◽  
Christian Brischke ◽  
Susanne Bollmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Action ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Decay Tests ◽  
Modified Wood

Abstract Chemical wood modification has been used to modify wood and improve its decay resistance. However, the mode of protective action is still not fully understood. Occasionally, outdoor products made from chemically modified timber (CMT) show internal decay while their outer shell remains intact. Hence, it was hypothesized that wood decay fungi may grow through CMT without losing their capability to degrade non-modified wood. This study aimed at developing a laboratory test set-up to investigate (1) whether decay fungi grow through CMT and (2) retain their ability to degrade non-modified wood. Acetylated and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) treated wood were used in decay tests with modified ‘mantle specimens’ and untreated ‘core dowels’. It became evident that white rot (Trametes versicolor), brown rot (Coniophora puteana) and soft rot fungi can grow through CMT without losing their ability to degrade untreated wood. Consequently, full volume impregnation of wood with the modifying agent is required to achieve complete protection of wooden products. In decay tests with DMDHEU treated specimens, significant amounts of apparently non-fixated DMDHEU were translocated from modified mantle specimens to untreated wood cores. A diffusion-driven transport of nitrogen and DMDHEU seemed to be responsible for mass translocation during decay testing.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Decay Resistance of Chinese Fir and Pine

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1118-1122
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Li ◽  
Lan Xing Du ◽  
Gou Ying Hu ◽  
Xing Xia Ma
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Heat Treatment Time ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus

To enhance decay resistance, the effect of heat treatment and the variation of chemical composition on Chinese Fir and Pine were investigated in this study — heat treatment temperature was 170°C, 190°C and 210°C, respectively, heat treatment time was 2, 3 and 4hours, respectively. Both of them were subsequently exposed to white-rot fungus and brown-rot fungus. The results showed that:(1) With the increasing of the heat treatment, decay resistance of Chinese Fir and Pine were improved, anti-corrosion of Pine after being heat treated at 190°C which were exposed to write-rot fungus can reach I, anti-corrosion of Chinese Fir after being heat treated at 170°C treated which were exposed to brown-rot fungus could reach I yet, After being heat treated at 210°C for 3 hours , the Chinese fir samples had no measurable weight loss when exposed to the write-rot fungus.(2) There was no remarkable influence on both Chinese Fir and Pine by heat treatment time.(3) The moisture content of Chinese Fir and Pine were lower than the moisture content that the rot fungus need, macromolecule chains such as cellulose and hemicellulose broke down, their contents decreased, and the hemicellulose decomposed into acetic acid, they prevented the growth of rot fungus.

Effects of Decay on the Mechanical Properties of Nailed Joints in Light Wood Frame Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Ying Gao ◽  
Shiyi Mei ◽  
Xingxia Ma ◽  
Xinmiao Meng
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linear Decline

Abstract For this study, spruce–pine–fir (Picea–Pinus–Abies [SPF]) specification material, oriented strand board (OSB), and domestic twisted nails that were driven vertically and perpendicular-to-grain were selected. Referring to GB/T 13942.1-2009, nailed joints specimens were exposed both to white rot fungus and brown rot fungus for 1 month to 6 months. The monotonous loading test was applied to the specimens based on ASTM D1761-88. The holding power of the nails and weight loss of both OSB and SPF were investigated. Theoretical maximum load of the nailed joints was calculated according to Eurocode5. Results illustrated that the load, stiffness, and energy consumption of the nailed joints showed significant linear decline with the decay time. A linear decline of the ductility coefficient was not obvious, and there was no obvious difference between white rot fungus and brown rot fungus. Effect of decay on the OSB was much greater than the impact on the SPF. The decay grade of the nailed joints was established according to the linear relationship between weight loss and maximum load. Based on Eurocode5, the study calculated the maximum load of the nailed joints and introduced the correction coefficient γ to better predict the maximum load.

Treatment of wood with aminofunctional silanes for protection against wood destroying fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Donath ◽  
Holger Militz ◽  
Carsten Mai
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Amino Groups

AbstractDifferent aminofunctional silanes were tested for their suitability to preserve wood against basidiomycetes in a mini-block experiment according to EN 113. High effectiveness against the brown rot fungusConiophora puteanawas maintained over prolonged exposure times of up to 18 weeks. Resistance against the white rot fungusTrametes versicolorwas only enhanced in the initial phase of exposure (6 weeks); after longer exposure times of 18 weeks, considerable mass losses were observed. It was shown that the antifungal resistance was caused by the amino groups of the oligomeric silane systems, while alkyl groups, which influence the water uptake of wood, only had a minor impact. For effective protection, acidic conditions of the treatment solution were important; this promotes the formation of cationised amino groups (ammonium). The silane quaternary ammonium compound (Si-QAC) 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride was applied in combination with an oligomeric silane system to incorporate quaternary ammonium sites into a SiO2matrix via a sol-gel process. This combined treatment significantly enhanced the decay resistance of pine wood againstC. puteana.

Fungal degradation of bamboo samples

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Schmidt ◽  
Dong Sheng Wei ◽  
Walter Liese ◽  
Elisabeth Wollenberg
Keyword(s):  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
Rate Of Decay ◽  
Severe Deterioration

Abstract The degradation of several Asian bamboo species by white-, brown-, and soft-rot fungi was investigated under laboratory conditions by means of different test methods. Severe deterioration was caused by all three fungi types. The bamboo species differed in durability. Samples from 6 months young culms decayed more than older ones. There were no significant differences between 1- and 3-year-old culms. Samples taken from the culm top were more vulnerable to decay than those from the bottom. Wet bamboo samples with soil contact were especially degraded by the white-rot fungus Schizophyllum commune, whereas the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana produced the greatest mass loss in drier samples. The sealing of bamboo crosscut ends reduced the rate of decay.

scholarly journals Enzyme Activity Profiles Produced on Wood and Straw by Four Fungi of Different Decay Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Veloz Villavicencio ◽  
Tuulia Mali ◽  
Hans K. Mattila ◽  
Taina Lundell
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus

Four well-studied saprotrophic Basidiomycota Agaricomycetes species with different decay strategies were cultivated on solid lignocellulose substrates to compare their extracellular decomposing carbohydrate-active and lignin-attacking enzyme production profiles. Two Polyporales species, the white rot fungus Phlebia radiata and brown rot fungus Fomitopsis pinicola, as well as one Agaricales species, the intermediate “grey” rot fungus Schizophyllum commune, were cultivated on birch wood pieces for 12 weeks, whereas the second Agaricales species, the litter-decomposing fungus Coprinopsis cinerea was cultivated on barley straw for 6 weeks under laboratory conditions. During 3 months of growth on birch wood, only the white rot fungus P. radiata produced high laccase and MnP activities. The brown rot fungus F. pinicola demonstrated notable production of xylanase activity up to 43 nkat/mL on birch wood, together with moderate β-glucosidase and endoglucanase cellulolytic activities. The intermediate rot fungus S. commune was the strongest producer of β-glucosidase with activities up to 54 nkat/mL, and a notable producer of xylanase activity, even up to 620 nkat/mL, on birch wood. Low lignin-attacking but moderate activities against cellulose and hemicellulose were observed with the litter-decomposer C. cinerea on barley straw. Overall, our results imply that plant cell wall decomposition ability of taxonomically and ecologically divergent fungi is in line with their enzymatic decay strategy, which is fundamental in understanding their physiology and potential for biotechnological applications.

scholarly journals INFLUENCES OF ETHYLENE STIMULATION OF RUBBER TREES (Hevea brasilliensis) ON THE EXTRACTIVES AND FUNGAL RESISTANCE OF LUMBER

CERNE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banyat Cherdchim ◽  
Jareeya Satansat
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
Wood Extracts ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Ethylene stimulation increases the rubber latex yield of live rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis). Lumber samples from ethylene treated rubberwood (TRW) and from untreated rubberwood (URW) were compared mainly for their resistance to fungi, differences in the chemical composition between TRW and URW, and the antifungal activities of their aqueous extracts. The TRW had significantly higher lignin and extractives contents than the URW, but the TRW had comparatively poor resistance to fungal rotting. The white rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum and the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum striantum caused in vitro significantly higher mass loss in TRW than in URW. This might be related to the phenolic compounds 2,4-ditert-butylphenol and 4-hydroxy-3,5- dimethoxy-benzaldehyde. The aqueous wood extracts strongly inhibited growth of G. lucidum, with lesser effects on the other fungi tested. Caffeine was detected in the TRW, but not the URW. However, the caffeine degraded so quickly that it had no effect on the 6 and 12 weeks fungal resistances of wood samples.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of the antibacterial compounds in Coptis chinensis for the preservation of wood

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 2346-2368
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Binhui Li ◽  
Xiaoqi Zhao ◽  
Shiming Ren ◽  
Yamei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Coptis Chinensis ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Berberine Hydrochloride ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus

Wood is a biomass material that is easily eroded by wood-rotting fungi. Coptis chinensis is a natural green plant, which has an inhibitory effect on most microorganisms. Based on the highly toxic effects of the currently used wood chemical preservatives on humans, animals, and the environment, Coptis chinensis was selected to perform decay resistance experiments of wood in this paper. The active ingredients with bacteriostatic properties in Coptis chinensis were separated and screened via chemical treatment, and their structure was identified via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The primary bacteriostatic components in Coptis chinensis were berberine hydrochloride, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine. The bacteriostatic zone experiment with a single component and different compounds for white-rot and brown-rot fungus were tested by the disc agar diffusion method. The bacteriostatic effect of berberine hydrochloride in a single active fraction was better. The three-fraction compound had the best bacteriostatic effect and was equivalent to alkaline copper quaternary. The natural active bacteriostatic fractions in Coptis chinensis had noticeable inhibitory effects on white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd) and brown-rot fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.) Murrill). The minimum bacteriostatic concentration was 0.01 g/mL. The results showed that Coptis extracts had potential as a wood protectant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document