Material and technology trends in fiber optics

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Schuster ◽  
Sonja Unger ◽  
Claudia Aichele ◽  
Florian Lindner ◽  
Stephan Grimm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Glass Melting ◽  
Hybrid Fiber ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Silica Glasses ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Fiber Fabrication ◽  
High Silica

AbstractThe increasing fields of applications for modern optical fibers present great challenges to the material properties and the processing technology of fiber optics. This paper gives an overview of the capabilities and limitations of established vapor deposition fiber preform technologies, and discusses new techniques for improved and extended doping properties in fiber preparation. In addition, alternative fabrication technologies are discussed, such as a powder-based process (REPUSIL) and an optimized glass melting method to overcome the limits of conventional vapor deposition methods concerning the volume fabrication of rare earth (RE)-doped quartz and high silica glasses. The new preform technologies are complementary with respect to enhanced RE solubility, the adjustment of nonlinear fiber properties, and the possibility of hybrid fiber fabrication. The drawing technology is described based on the requirements of specialty fibers such as adjusted preform and fiber diameters, varying coating properties, and the microstructuring of fiber configurations as low as in the nanometer range.

Fluorine Containing High-Silica Glasses for Speciality Optical Fibers

2008 ◽  
Vol 39-40 ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Kirchhof ◽  
Sonja Unger ◽  
B. Knappe
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
Chemical Thermodynamics ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Silica Glasses ◽  
Optical Fiber Devices ◽  
Fiber Devices ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Gas Phase Deposition

We investigated the codoping of different high-silica glasses (GeO2 – SiO2, B2O3 – SiO2) with fluorine with respect to the use of such glasses in actual optical fiber devices (fiber Bragg gratings, fiber lasers and amplifiers, optical filters, etc). It could be shown that there is a strong interaction between fluorine and the other dopants germanium and boron during gas phase deposition of the glassy layers. The doping concentration in dependence on the experimental conditions (gas concentrations, flow velocity, temperature) can be understood and quantitatively described on the basis of the chemical thermodynamics (equilibrium chemistry) of the systems. This makes possible the defined preparation of complex fiber structures in terms of refractive index profiles and multielement distributions.

Glass Optical Guided-Wave Technology

1985 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Miyashita
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Chalcogenide Glasses ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Infrared Wavelength ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Silica Glasses ◽  
Wave Technology ◽  
New Family ◽  
High Silica

AbstractRecent advances of glass materials and fabrication processes will be reviewed in the field of guided-wave technology. A variety of optical fibers and guided-wave devices are in development by using high-silica and non-silica glasses. Following the successful development of silica fiber, a new family of optical fibers is being investigated by using non-silica glasses such as fluoride and chalcogenide glasses, which operate at mid-infrared wavelength range and offer the potential of ultra-low loss. High-silica channel waveguides are fabricated by processing a SiO2TiO2 planer waveguide on a silicon substrate. These are applied to various guided wave optical circuits such as switch and wavelength-division multi/demultiplexer, which would be used for the construction of optical communication systems. The materials and processing techniques influencing optical guided-wave performance are described.

scholarly journals Shaping Beam Profiles Using Plastic Optical Fiber Tapers with Application to Ice Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2503
Author(s):  
Kostas Amoiropoulos ◽  
Georgia Kioselaki ◽  
Nikolaos Kourkoumelis ◽  
Aris Ikiades
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Laser Cooling ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Beam Profile ◽  
Hollow Beam ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Plastic Optical Fibers

Using either bulk or fiber optics the profile of laser beams can be altered from Gaussian to top-hat or hollow beams allowing enhanced performance in applications like laser cooling, optical trapping, and fiber sensing. Here, we report a method based on multimode Plastic Optical Fibers (POF) long-tapers, to tweak the beam profile from near Gaussian to a hollow beam, by generating surface irregularities on the conical sections of the taper with a heat-and-pull technique. Furthermore, a cutback technique applied on long tapers expanded the output beam profile by more than twice the numerical aperture (NA) of the fiber. The enhanced sensitivity and detection efficiency of the extended profile was tested on a fiber optical ice sensor related to aviation safety.

Mechanical Properties of SiO2 vs. SiO2-TiO2 Bulk Glasses and Fibers

1991 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh T. Gulati
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Deformation Mode ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Silica Glasses ◽  
Silica And Titania

ABSTRACTThe mechanical properties of silica and titania-doped silica glasses, in bulk and fiber forms, are presented. These include the elastic properties (E and ν), strength distribution (in tension and bending), fatigue behavior (dynamic and static loading) and fracture toughness. Following a brief review of above properties for fused silica and ULE™ glasses (Coming Codes 7940 and 7971), used primarily for space applications, the mechanical properties data for silica and titania-doped silica-clad optical fibers are presented. The enhancement of mechanical performance of titania-doped silica clad fiber is also discussed.The effect of titania doping on fundamental properties like stress-free activation energy, crack tip pH, and deformation mode of Si-O-Si bond is discussed. In addition, the crack velocity data obtained from DCDC specimens of homogeneous silica and titania-doped silica glasses are compared in an attempt to understand the role titania plays in improving the fatigue resistance of optical fibers.

scholarly journals Analysis of Curvature in Fiber Optic Cable for Macrobending-Based Slope Sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Imam Mulyanto
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Laser Intensity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Fiber Optic Cable ◽  
Power Meter ◽  
Working Principle

The analysis of fiber optics for macro bending-based slope sensors using SMF-28 single-mode optical fibers has been successfully conducted. Fiber optics were treated to silicon rubber molding and connected with laser light and power meters to measure the intensity of laser power generated. The working principle was carried out using the macrobending phenomenon on single-mode optical fibers. The intensity of laser light in fiber optic cables decreases in the event of indentation or bending of the fiber optic cable. Power losses resulting from the macrobending process can be seen in the result of the information sensitivity of fiber optics to the change of angle given. From the results of the study, the resulting fiber optic sensitivity value is -0.1534o/dBm. The larger the angle given, the lower the laser intensity received by the power meter.

Measuring floating ice thickness with optical fibers and DAS, a test case study on a frozen moutain lake.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Coutant ◽  
Ludovic Moreau ◽  
Pierre Boué ◽  
Eric Larose ◽  
Arnaud Cimolino
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Monitoring Method

<p>Accurate monitoring of floating ice thickness is an important safety issue for northern countries where lakes, fjords, and coasts are covered with ice in winter, and used by people to travel. For example in Finland, 15-20 fatal accidents occur every year due to ice-related drowning. We have explored the potential of fiber optics to measure the propagation of seismic waves guided in the ice layer, in order to infer its thickness via the inversion of the dispersion curves. An optical fiber was deployed on a frozen lake at Lacs Roberts (2400m) above Grenoble and we measured with a DAS the signal generated by active sources (hammer) and ambient noise. We demonstrate that we can retrieve the ice thickness. This monitoring method could be of interest since the deployment of a fiber on ice is quite simple (e.g. using a drone) compared to other techniques for ice thickness estimation such as seismic survey or manual drilling.</p>

Imaging Spectroscopy Using Fiber Optics

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 845-846
Author(s):  
S. Michael Angel ◽  
H. Trey Skinner ◽  
Brian J. Marquardt
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer ◽  
Remote Spectroscopy

Optical fiber probes are routinely used with optical spectrometers to allow measurements to be made on remotely located samples. In most of these systems, however, the optical fibers are used as non-imaging “light pipes” for the transmission of laser light, and luminescence or Raman signals to and from the sample. Thus, while these systems are suitable for remote spectroscopy, they are limited to single-point measurements. In a recent paper, we showed that a small-diameter (i.e., 350 μm) coherent optical fiber bundle can be combined with an AOTF-based imaging spectrometer for fluorescence and Raman spectral micro-imaging with increased flexibility in terms of sample positioning and in-situ capabilities. The previous paper described the operation of the fiber-optic microimaging probe and AOTF imaging system and showed preliminary Raman and fluorescence images for model compounds with 4 μm resolution. We have extended this work to include a discussion of the lateral and vertical spatial resolution of the fiber-optic microprobe in a non-contact proximity-focused configuration.

scholarly journals Nano-Structured Optical Fibers Made of Glass-Ceramics, and Phase Separated and Metallic Particle-Containing Glasses

Fibers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Veber ◽  
Zhuorui Lu ◽  
Manuel Vermillac ◽  
Franck Pigeonneau ◽  
Wilfried Blanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
High Optical Quality ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
Materials Used

For years, scientists have been looking for different techniques to make glasses perfect: fully amorphous and ideally homogeneous. Meanwhile, recent advances in the development of particle-containing glasses (PCG), defined in this paper as glass-ceramics, glasses doped with metallic nanoparticles, and phase-separated glasses show that these “imperfect” glasses can result in better optical materials if particles of desired chemistry, size, and shape are present in the glass. It has been shown that PCGs can be used for the fabrication of nanostructured fibers—a novel class of media for fiber optics. These unique optical fibers are able to outperform their traditional glass counterparts in terms of available emission spectral range, quantum efficiency, non-linear properties, fabricated sensors sensitivity, and other parameters. Being rather special, nanostructured fibers require new, unconventional solutions on the materials used, fabrication, and characterization techniques, limiting the use of these novel materials. This work overviews practical aspects and progress in the fabrication and characterization methods of the particle-containing glasses with particular attention to nanostructured fibers made of these materials. A review of the recent achievements shows that current technologies allow producing high-optical quality PCG-fibers of different types, and the unique optical properties of these nanostructured fibers make them prospective for applications in lasers, optical communications, medicine, lighting, and other areas of science and industry.

scholarly journals Development of low‐loss lead‐germanate glass for mid‐infrared fiber optics: II. preform extrusion and fiber fabrication

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 833-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
Alson Kwun Leung Ng ◽  
Alastair Dowler ◽  
Heike Ebendorff‐Heidepriem
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Lead Germanate ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Germanate Glass ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Fiber Fabrication

scholarly journals Vectorial dispersive shock waves in optical fibers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nuño ◽  
C. Finot ◽  
G. Xu ◽  
G. Millot ◽  
M. Erkintalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Blast Waves ◽  
Nonlinear Fiber Optics ◽  
Nonlinear Phase ◽  
Perfect Fluids ◽  
Bose Einstein ◽  
Wave Phenomena

Abstract Dispersive shock waves are a universal phenomenon encountered in many fields of science, ranging from fluid dynamics, Bose-Einstein condensates and geophysics. It has been established that light behaves as a perfect fluid when propagating in an optical medium exhibiting a weakly self-defocusing nonlinearity. Consequently, this analogy has become attractive for the exploration of dispersive shock wave phenomena. Here, we observe of a novel class of vectorial dispersive shock waves in nonlinear fiber optics. Analogous to blast-waves, identified in inviscid perfect fluids, vectorial dispersive shock waves are triggered by a non-uniform double piston imprinted on a continuous-wave probe via nonlinear cross-phase modulation, produced by an orthogonally-polarized pump pulse. The nonlinear phase potential imparted on the probe results in the formation of an expanding zone of zero intensity surrounded by two repulsive oscillating fronts, which move away from each other with opposite velocities.

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