scholarly journals Tożsamość we współczesnej instytucji: zarządzanie poprzez przestrzenie upodmiotowienia

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Zbyszko Melosik
Keyword(s):  
Effective Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Emerging Patterns ◽  
Concertive Control

The aim of the article is to reconstruct the emerging patterns of controlling people in contemporary institution which is connected with creating the spaces of empowerment. The management of people is ensured through concertive control the essence of which is related to mutual „watching” of each other by the teams members. At firstsight the concertive control is much less oppressive than in the past direct top to the bottom control. However, in practice it is more effective control as institution aims and values are realized by people which feel to be empowered thanks to lack of direct presence of top managers. In concertive control workers do not seem to be aware that they are only of an instrument of top managers’ power.

scholarly journals Long-term O<sub>3</sub>–precursor relationships in Hong Kong: field observation and model simulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 10919-10935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Hai Guo ◽  
Xiaopu Lyu ◽  
Hairong Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Photochemical Pollution ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
The Past ◽  
Total Volatile Organic Compounds

Abstract. Over the past 10 years (2005–2014), ground-level O3 in Hong Kong has consistently increased in all seasons except winter, despite the yearly reduction of its precursors, i.e. nitrogen oxides (NOx =  NO + NO2), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), and carbon monoxide (CO). To explain the contradictory phenomena, an observation-based box model (OBM) coupled with CB05 mechanism was applied in order to understand the influence of both locally produced O3 and regional transport. The simulation of locally produced O3 showed an increasing trend in spring, a decreasing trend in autumn, and no changes in summer and winter. The O3 increase in spring was caused by the net effect of more rapid decrease in NO titration and unchanged TVOC reactivity despite decreased TVOC mixing ratios, while the decreased local O3 formation in autumn was mainly due to the reduction of aromatic VOC mixing ratios and the TVOC reactivity and much slower decrease in NO titration. However, the decreased in situ O3 formation in autumn was overridden by the regional contribution, resulting in elevated O3 observations. Furthermore, the OBM-derived relative incremental reactivity indicated that the O3 formation was VOC-limited in all seasons, and that the long-term O3 formation was more sensitive to VOCs and less to NOx and CO in the past 10 years. In addition, the OBM results found that the contributions of aromatics to O3 formation decreased in all seasons of these years, particularly in autumn, probably due to the effective control of solvent-related sources. In contrast, the contributions of alkenes increased, suggesting a continuing need to reduce traffic emissions. The findings provide updated information on photochemical pollution and its impact in Hong Kong.

Emerging Patterns in the Judicial Determination of FRAND Rates: Comparable Agreements and the Top-Down Approach for FRAND Royalties Determination

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 885-892
Author(s):  
Haris Tsilikas
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Emerging Patterns ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
The Common ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Licensing Agreements ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The massive adoption of wireless technologies over the past decades has also brought about disputes regarding the interpretation of FRAND in the context of actual commercial relations. Courts in several jurisdictions worldwide ‒ in the EU, the US, China, India and Korea, among others ‒ have been called upon to flesh out FRAND terms or to assess conformity with FRAND principles. This body of case law provides rich insights into the workings of the markets for standards, but also practical guidance for parties as well as policymakers seeking a better understanding of the situation ‒ business and legal ‒ on the ground. The present article outlines some of the emerging patterns in SEP litigation worldwide, focusing on the judicial determination of FRAND rates. The common thread across jurisdictions regarding FRAND-rate determination is reliance on evidence and data in comparable licensing agreements. It is argued that comparable licensing agreements, i.e. licensing agreements signed with similarly situated parties, provide for the most reliable evidence on how markets price standardised technologies and SEPs.

An inventory analysis of rural pollution loads in China

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chen ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
P. Du
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Pollution Loads ◽  
Rural Pollution

Rural pollution has attracted increasing attention over the past decade for its important consequences on surface and groundwater quality. This is particularly so in China due to the wide and effective control of industrial and municipal wastewater discharges over the past decade. Based on the discussion of rural activities in China, this paper develops a new method of inventory analysis through the definition of elementary unit (EU). This inventory analysis approach is then applied to estimate the total rural pollution loads of COD, TN and TP, as well as their spatial distributions in China. Further analysis is also conducted to investigate the correlations between rural pollution loads and agricultural production outputs, as well as population. It is found that China's agriculture is developing largely at the cost of environment quality, and a high population, as well as the increasing demand for agricultural products, is one of the dominant driving forces. The constructed EKC, which describes the relationship between rural pollution loads and agricultural income, also reveals that current agricultural development in China is mostly far from de-locked from the environmental problem.

scholarly journals Parliamentarians in government delegations: An old question still not answered

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Onderco
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Negotiations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emerging Patterns ◽  
Institutional Variation

Why do governments include parliamentarians in the delegations to international negotiations? Conduct of the diplomatic negotiations is among the most tightly controlled prerogatives of the executive, and executives have been historically dominant in the conduct of foreign policy. This article draws on the participation of members of parliaments in national delegations to the Review Conferences of the Non-Proliferation Treaty over the past 40 years. The emerging patterns show that legitimation through oversight is unlikely to be the reason for participation. Drawing on literature on institutional variation in legislative–executive relations, the data indicate that executives are more interested in co-opting the parliamentarians, in order to make them less opposed to the government’s policy.

scholarly journals Study of the Transformation of Industrial Heritage from the Perspective of Holistic Governance

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Zhang HUA ◽  
Liu YANING ◽  
Jilong WANG
Keyword(s):  
Main Role ◽  
Industrial Upgrading ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Major Transition ◽  
The Government

In the past few years, with the development of technology and industrial upgrading, a growing number of countries are facing the problem of how to transform their industrial heritages, especially if they are in downtowns. Public administration top managers have a main role in this complex process of purpose and ownership changes. By examining the transformation of industrial heritage in Shanghai – a case-study examined through interviews, chronology of events and content analyses –, this paper explores how the government has used the idea of holistic governance in creating an exhaustive plan and implementing it. The study also explores the government’s attempt to build social consensus regarding that major transition, including the role of communication with citizens.

scholarly journals An. gambiae s.l. exhibit high intensity pyrethroid resistance throughout Southern and Central Mali (2016-2018); PBO or next generation LLINs may provide greater control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Sovi ◽  
Chitan Keita ◽  
Youssouf Sinaba ◽  
Abdourhamane Dicko ◽  
Ibrahim Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Rotation Strategy

Abstract Background: Millions of pyrethroid LLINs have been distributed in Mali during the past 20 years which, along with agricultural use, has increased the selection pressure on malaria vector populations. This study investigated pyrethroid resistance intensity and susceptible status of malaria vectors to alternative insecticides to guide choice of insecticides for LLINs and IRS for effective control of malaria vectors.Methods: For 3 years between 2016 and 2018, susceptibility testing was conducted annually in 14-16 sites covering southern and central Mali. Anopheles gambiae s.l. were collected from larval sites and adult mosquitoes exposed in WHO tube tests to diagnostic doses of bendiocarb (0.1%) and pirimiphos-methyl (0.25%). Resistance intensity tests were conducted using CDC bottle bioassays (2016-17) and WHO tube tests (2018) at 1×, 2×, 5×, and 10× the diagnostic concentration of permethrin, deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin. WHO tube tests were conducted with pre-exposure to the synergist PBO followed by permethrin or deltamethrin. Chlorfenapyr was tested in CDC bottle bioassays at 100µg active ingredient per bottle and clothianidin at 2% in WHO tube tests. PCR was performed to identify species within the An. gambiae complex.Results: In all sites An. gambiae s.l. showed high intensity resistance to permethrin and deltamethrin in CDC bottle bioassay tests in 2016 and 2017. In 2018, WHO intensity tests resulted in survivors at all sites for permethrin, deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin when tested at 10× the diagnostic dose. Across all sites mean mortality was 33.7% with permethrin (0.75%) compared with 71.8% when pre-exposed to PBO (4%), representing a 2.13 fold increase in mortality. A similar trend was recorded for deltamethrin. There was susceptibility to pirimiphos-methyl, chlorfenapyr and clothianidin in all surveyed sites, including current IRS sites in Mopti Region. An. coluzzii was the primary species in 4 of 6 regions.Conclusions: Widespread high intensity pyrethroid resistance was recorded during 2016-18 and is likely to compromise the effectiveness of pyrethroid LLINs in Mali. PBO or chlrofenapyr LLINs should provide improved control of An. gambiae s.l. Clothianidin and pirimiphos-methyl insecticides are currently being used for IRS as part of a rotation strategy based on susceptibility being confirmed in this study.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of Stem Wave Control Effect of a Curved Slit Caisson Breakwater

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Yong Jun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Wave Interaction ◽  
Structural Type ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resonance Wave ◽  
Caisson Breakwater ◽  
Rough Sea ◽  
Wave Control

Curved slit caisson has been the preferred structural type of breakwater in South Korea, and effective control of stem waves is a crucial design factor significantly affecting the performance of a curved slit caisson breakwater. Most of the past studies on stem waves heavily relied on wave drivers like the cubic Schrödinger Eq. due to the intrinsic difficulties in analyzing stem waves. However, considering the perturbation method evoked in the derivation of cubic Schrödinger Eq., the wave driver mentioned above could give erroneous results in the rough sea due to the higher-order waves that appeared in the wave field by resonance wave-wave interaction. In this rationale, in this study, the numerical simulation was implemented to verify the stem wave control effect of curved slit caisson using the ihFoam, toolbox having its roots on OpenFoam. It was shown that curved slit caisson breakwater effectively alleviates the scope and height of stem waves.

Chemical Weed Control in Southern Hardwood Nurseries

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
David B. South
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Weed Seeds

Abstract In the past, hardwood nurserymen often relied on fumigation with methyl bromide for weed control. Today, however, herbicides can provide cost-effective control of grasses and most annual broadleaf weeds in hardwood seedbeds. New herbicides like sethoxidim can be used to control annual and perennial grasses while germination of many broadleaf weeds can be inhibited by oryzalin, oxadiazon, or napropamide. Resistant weeds can be controlled by directed applications of glyphosate. Use of these herbicides reduces the need for fumigation, which often lowers the population of beneficial endomycorrhizal fungi. Fumigation may still be required when controlling high populations of nutsedge or when pathogens are a problem. Although use of chemicals can make control of weeds easier, the nurseryman should not rely entirely on fumigation or herbicides for weed control. If left alone to reproduce, populations of resistant weeds can quickly increase. The nurseryman should therefore adhere strictly to a comprehensive year-round weed control program that prevents introduction, reproduction, and spread of weeds. Even with these efforts, several years may be required to deplete the reservoir of weed seeds in the soil. The nurseryman who is successful will be able to produce more uniform, higher-quality seedlings at a lower cost.

Impact of COVID-19 on financial institutions: Navigating the global emerging patterns of financial crime

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Wronka
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Financial Crime ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Emerging Patterns ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The current COVID-19 pandemic has already proven to be one of the world’s deadliest crises in modern history with far-reaching impacts on different sectors of the global economy. The financial sector is among the most widely affected by the economic crisis occasioned by the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the most notable effects is related to financial crime. It is against this backdrop that the present study aimed to examine the impact of COVID-19 on financial institutions with the main focus being on financial crime Design/methodology/approach Its twofold objectives were to critically examine the global emerging patterns of financial crime and their association with the COVID-19 pandemic; and to investigate how financial institutions across the world have been responding to, managing, and dealing with the emerging patterns of financial crime brought about by (or linked to) the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings It was found out that as the pandemic ravages the world and pushes people and businesses to the very limits of their endurance, many financial sector stakeholders and players are responding in ways that put the entire financial sector and all its stakeholders at great risk. Specifically, COVID-19 pandemic has led to the emergence of new patterns of financial crime that were either unheard of or were not as rampant in the past. Originality/value Both the descriptive and correlation analyses produced by this study provide new insights into the impact of COVID-19 on financial institutions with a main focus on financial crime.

scholarly journals Living up to the past? Ideological sensemaking in organizational transition

Organization ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairi Maclean ◽  
Charles Harvey ◽  
John A. A. Sillince ◽  
Benjamin D. Golant
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Organizational History ◽  
Organizational Transition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Over Time

This article builds upon archival and oral-history research on organizational change at Procter & Gamble from 1930 to 2000, focusing on periods of transition. It examines historical narrative as a vehicle for ideological sensemaking by top managers. Our empirical analysis sheds light on continuities in the narratives they offer, through which the past emerges as a recurrent lever of strategic manoeuvres and re-orientations. This reveals that while organizational history is sometimes regarded as a strategic asset or intrinsic part of collective memory, it is also re-enacted as a shared heritage, implying responsibilities. Executives (re)interpret the past and author the future, maintaining the historical narrative while using interpellation to ensure ideological consistency over time. The interpellative power of rhetorical narrative helps to recast organizational members as participants in an ongoing drama. In this way executives claim their legitimate right to initiate and manage organizational transition.

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