Bioavailability and Risk Profile of Toxic Metals in Size Segregated Particulate Matter at different Traffic Junctions of Northern India

Air quality at two traffic junctions representing GLA (highway pollution) and Iradatnagar (rural pollution) was evaluated In India. Present study aimed to determine the concentration of size-segregated PM with characterization of metals at different traffic junctions (Agra and Mathura). PM2.5-1.0 and PM1.0-0.5 was measured with the help of Cascade SioutasImpactor during the study period December to January 2018.The size fraction of PM2.5-1.0 was found higher at GLA (350.92µg/m3) followed by Iradatnagar site (329.12µg/m3) whereas average value of size fraction of PM1.0-0.5 was found higher at Iradatnagar site (361.01µg/m3) in comparison with GLA (313.47µg/m3) respectively. The average PM2.5 concentration in all the sampling sites was found 7-8 higher times than National Ambient Air Quality Standards (60µg/m3) (NAAQS, India). Twelve Metals (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pband Zn) subsequently determined by ICP-OES. Al, Ba, Ca, and Mg, were found higher comparison to other metals. Metals source identification was done by PCA (Principal Component Analysis). The average value of HQs was found higher for PM1.0-0.5 size fraction. HQ values were recorded higher for GLA sampling site it was 7.95 for PM2.5-1.0 and 9.50 for PM1.0-0.5 fraction. Overall, the observed HQs values far exceeded the acceptable level. The trend of average value of carcinogenic risk factor was found higher than prescribed limit (1*10-6) for an adult and child respectively.

Analysis on the Source of China’s Rural Pollution and Proposed Solutions

Environmental pollution has become a severe threat to the sustainable development of China’s rural areas. The economic source of China’s rural environmental pollution consists of three factors, which are the assumption of “rational economic person”, the externalities of environmental pollution and the quasi-public characteristic of natural resources. The political source of rural environmental pollution is the failure of government regulation. In order to solve market failures and government failures, we need to establish a long term mechanism to solve rural pollution via moral, economic and legal measures.

Research on Rural Pollution Treatment Technology

To solve the problem of increasingly prominent environmental pollution in rural areas, this paper analyzed the main factors affecting the rural environmental pollution, including the rural living garbage pollution, industrial pollution, livestock and poultry breeding pollution, fertilizers and pesticides pollution, and on this basis some rural environmental pollution treatment countermeasures are put forward.

Accelerate the Rural Ecological Environment in Dalian Actively Promote the Development of Circular Economy

This paper introduces the "second Five-Year" period,Comprehensive management of rural pollution in Dalian,Ecological protection and construction of major initiatives,Establish and improve the rural garden, village and township enterprises in villages and the development of circular economy model,Actively promote the sustainable development of circular economy in rural areas,Care at home and abroad for economic development of rural circulation and reference reference peers.

An inventory analysis of rural pollution loads in China

Rural pollution has attracted increasing attention over the past decade for its important consequences on surface and groundwater quality. This is particularly so in China due to the wide and effective control of industrial and municipal wastewater discharges over the past decade. Based on the discussion of rural activities in China, this paper develops a new method of inventory analysis through the definition of elementary unit (EU). This inventory analysis approach is then applied to estimate the total rural pollution loads of COD, TN and TP, as well as their spatial distributions in China. Further analysis is also conducted to investigate the correlations between rural pollution loads and agricultural production outputs, as well as population. It is found that China's agriculture is developing largely at the cost of environment quality, and a high population, as well as the increasing demand for agricultural products, is one of the dominant driving forces. The constructed EKC, which describes the relationship between rural pollution loads and agricultural income, also reveals that current agricultural development in China is mostly far from de-locked from the environmental problem.