scholarly journals „Paciorki mozaikowe w otwartym palenisku?”. Kontynuacja badań

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Marta Krzyżanowska ◽  
Mateusz Frankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Open Hearth ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Glass Material ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
Metal Tools ◽  
Mosaic Glass

The aim of the experiment was to confirm the hypothesis about the possibility of Scandinavian bead makers crafting complex mosaic glass beads. For this purpose, raw glass material and tools from archaeological sites were examined. Metal tools and glass mosaic canes were made, for the purpose of the experiment, based on archaeological finds. All the glass beads were made during the experiment on a specially constructed open hearth. As a result of the experiments, the possibility of making mosaic glass beads on an open hearth was confirmed. A theoretical and practical procedure for making complex glass beads has been proposed.

Ground Stone Tools from Serra Orlando (Morgantina) and Stone Axe Studies in Sicily and Southern Italy

1989 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Leighton ◽  
J. E. Dixon ◽  
A. M. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Ground Stone ◽  
Metal Tools ◽  
Polished Stone Axes

Ground and polished stone axes in southern Italy received little attention after a period of lively interest in the late 19th century. The great number of axes from archaeological sites and collections suggests widespread manufacture and exchange on a considerable scale. In eastern Sicily the production of basalt axes was long-lived, beginning in the Neolithic (Stentinello phase) and reaching a peak in the Copper and Early Bronze Ages. Greenstone axes are also found throughout these periods. By the Middle or Late Bronze Age, stone axes were probably little used, having been largely replaced by metal tools.The axes from Serra Orlando (where the historical site of Morgantina is located) form one of the largest collections in Sicily from a single site, where they were found in multi-period contexts, dating from the third millennium BC until the Hellenistic period. Petrological analysis suggests that basalt from the Iblean hills was frequently used for their manufacture, while the serpentinites, tremolite-bearing rocks and pyroxenite probably originate in the Calabro-Peloritani Arc. The results of the analysis of thin sections are presented in appendixes. Raw materials, distribution and manufacture of axes are discussed and a preliminary investigation of their typology is presented. Multiple functions for Sicilian axes, related to morphology and raw materials, are suggested by their archaeological contexts.

X-ray fluorescent analysis on Indo-Pacific glass beads from Sungai Mas archaeological sites, Kedah, Malaysia

2010 ◽  
Vol 287 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuliskandar Ramli ◽  
Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abdul Rahman ◽  
Abdul Latif Samian
Keyword(s):  
Glass Beads ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescent Analysis

scholarly journals Compositional and provenance study of glass beads from archaeological sites in Mali and Senegal at the time of the first Sahelian states

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242027
Author(s):  
Miriam Truffa Giachet ◽  
Bernard Gratuze ◽  
Anne Mayor ◽  
Eric Huysecom
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
West African ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Settlement Site ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Rural Sites

The presence of glass beads in West African archaeological sites provides important evidence of long-distance trade between this part of the continent and the rest of the world. Until recently, most of these items came from historical Sub-Saharan urban centers, well known for their role in the medieval trans-Saharan trade. We present here the chemical analysis by Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) of 16 glass beads found in three rural sites excavated during the past decade: the funerary site of Dourou-Boro and settlement sites of Sadia, in central Mali, as well as the settlement site of Djoutoubaya, in eastern Senegal, in contexts dated between the 7th-9th and the 11th-13th centuries CE. Results show that the raw materials used to manufacture the majority of the glass most probably originated in Egypt, the Levantine coast and the Middle East. One bead is of uncertain provenance and shows similarities with glass found in the Iberian Peninsula and in South Africa. One bead fragment found inside a tomb is a modern production, probably linked to recent plundering. All of these ancient beads were exchanged along the trans-Saharan trade routes active during the rise of the first Sahelian states, such as the Ghana and the Gao kingdoms, and show strong similarities with the other West African bead assemblages that have been analysed. Despite the remoteness of their location in the Dogon Country and in the Falémé River valley, the beads studied were therefore included in the long-distance trade network, via contacts with the urban commercial centers located at the edge of the Sahara along the Niger River and in current southern Mauretania. These results bring a new light on the relationships between international and regional trade in Africa and highlight the complementarity between centres of political and economic power and their peripheries, important because of resources like gold for eastern Senegal.

Food and Furs at French Fort St. Joseph

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Nassaney ◽  
Terrance J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Western Great Lakes ◽  
Metal Tools

Fort St. Joseph was an important French trading post in the western Great Lakes for nearly a century. Furs and provisions from the region were exchanged for imported goods such as cloth, metal tools, and glass beads, among other objects used in daily life. Zooarchaeological investigations conducted at the site for over a decade have yielded copious amounts of animal bones along with artifacts and features associated with collecting and processing animals for furs and food. An examination of archaeological remains from the site provides insights into animal exploitation patterns and their role in subsistence and exchange.

Glass finds from Areas U and G at the Kom el-Dikka site in Alexandria (excavations in 2012 and 2013)

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 87-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Kucharczyk
Keyword(s):  
Limited Range ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Glass Material ◽  
Yellowish Green ◽  
Roman Baths ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mosaic Glass ◽  
Linear Cut ◽  
Cast Glass ◽  
Late Roman

The glass material from PCMA excavations at the Kom el-Dikka site in Alexandria in the 2012 and 2013 seasons consisted mainly of a late Roman/early Byzantine assemblage, mostly yellowish-green blown glass characterized by a homogeneity of the fabric, a limited variety of vessel types and simple workmanship, all indicative of a local glasshouse most likely operating at the site. Fragments of early and late Roman mosaic glass were also an important element of the set. Excavations in area U (sub-area US) also yielded a handful of late Hellenistic/early Roman glasses: various types of cast bowls seldom previously reported from Kom el-Dikka, a linear-cut bowl, monochrome patella, and colorless bowl with broad rim and overhung edge. The assemblage coming from area G (basement of the late Roman baths) comprised late Roman free-blown, utilitarian wares representing a limited range of forms. Also found in this area was cast glass of the late Hellenistic/early Roman period: mosaic glass and a grooved bowl, the latter recorded for the first time at Kom el-Dikka.

Beads and pendants from the Hellenistic to Early Byzantine Red Sea port of Berenike, Egypt, Season 2014 and 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Then-Obłuska
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Marine Mollusk ◽  
Mollusk Shells ◽  
Red Sea Coast ◽  
Rubbish Dump ◽  
Mosaic Glass ◽  
Sea Coast ◽  
Early Byzantine ◽  
Ostrich Eggshell

Almost 650 beads and pendants, most of them of glass and faience, were excavated over two seasons in 2014 and 2015 at Berenike on the Red Sea coast of Egypt. This material, coming from 19 trenches variously located within the Hellenistic to early Byzantine site, has contributed some new data, enhancing the Berenike bead typology. Highlights included a Bes pendant of glass from a Hellenistic context and early Roman mosaic glass beads with face patterns. Other materials of which the ornaments were made included marine mollusk shells, ostrich eggshell, and a variety of stone and minerals. Of greatest interest were beads coming from early Roman graves, of an older man (the order of the threaded beads could be traced) and of animals (neck collars). Beads threaded on fragments of string, most probably of Indo-Pacific make, came from the early Roman rubbish dump.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT AFRICAN GLASS BEADS: A VERY PRELIMINARY REPORT

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Robertshaw ◽  
Michael D. Glascock ◽  
Marilee Wood ◽  
Rachel S. Popelka
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
First Results ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Almost All

We report the preliminary results of chemical analysis by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry of 156 glass beads from sites in southern Africa. Almost all of these beads can be grouped in two chemical types based on oxide compositions and glass recipes. Glasses of these types were manufactured in south and/or southeast Asia. These are the first results of a project that will analyse about 1000 beads from African archaeological sites.

scholarly journals Varieties and Origins of Kampai Island Glass Beads

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Ery Soedewo
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Production Site ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Malacca Strait ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Manik-manik kaca yang ditemukan di berbagai situs arkeologi di Asia Selatan dan Asia Tenggara antara abad 1 dan 13 umumnya disebut sebagai manik-manik kaca Indo-Pasifik. Berbagai bentuk dan warna manik-manik kaca ditemukan di Pulau Kampai, Kabupaten Langkat, Sumatera Utara. Data yang dikumpulkan dari manik-manik kaca diperoleh dari penggalian arkeologi di Pulau Kampai. Dalam menganalisis varietas manik-manik kaca, penelitian ini mengkarakterisasi varietas manik-manik kaca Pulau Kampai berdasarkan tipologi dan frekuensi, yaitu manik-manik kaca polos dan manik-manik kaca berlekuk. Sejumlah manik-manik kaca ini dianalisis di laboratorium untuk mengidentifikasi komposisi bahan. Dalam menentukan asal produksi manik-manik kaca, penelitian ini menggunakan metode komparatif pada beberapa penelitian yang terpublikasi. Melalui perbandingan temuan limbah manik-manik kaca dari pusat produksi Arikamedu dan manik-manik kaca di Papanaidupet (India) dan Gudo (Indonesia), hasilnya diketahui bahwa Pulau Kampai adalah tempat produksi manik-manik kaca di wilayah Selat Malaka antara abad ke-11 hingga ke-14. Munculnya pulau Kampai sebagai tempat produksi manik-manik kaca pada abad ke-11 kemungkinan disebabkan oleh kondisi geopolitik. Tradisi pembuatan manik-manik kaca menyebar ke Pulau Kampai karena pengaruh Kerajaan Caka meningkat di wilayah Selat Malaka setelah ekspansinya ke beberapa tempat di wilayah tersebut.The glass beads discovered in various archaeological sites in South Asia and Southeast Asia between the 1st and 13th centuries were generally referred to as Indo-Pacific glass beads. Various shapes and colors of glass beads are found on Kampai Island, Langkat Regency, Sumatera Utara. Collected data of glass beads were obtained from archaeological excavations in Kampai Island. In analyzing varieties of glass beads, this study characterizes the variety of Kampai Island glass beads based on their typology and frequency, i.e., drawn glass beads and wound glass beads. A number of these glass beads are analyzed in the laboratory to identify the composition of the ingredients. In determining the origin of glass beads production, this study used a comparative method on some published research. Through comparison of the findings of glass beads wastes from Arikamedu and glass beads production centers in Papanaidupet (India) and Gudo (Indonesia), the result finds that Kampai Island was a glass beads production site in the Malacca Strait region between 11th–14th centuries. The emergence of Kampai island as a glass beads production site in the 11th century was likely a result of geopolitical conditions. Glass bead making traditions spread to Kampai Island as Cōla Kingdom influences rose in Malacca Strait region after its expansion to several places in that region.

European White Glass Trade Beads as Chronological and Trade Markers

1996 ◽  
Vol 462 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G.V. Hancock ◽  
S. Aufreiter ◽  
I. Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTEuropean explorers and traders, on their arrival in North America, found the aboriginal peoples willing to exchange furs and other goods for European-made metal objects and glass beads, the remains of which may be found at archaeological sites. Specific trade goods, including multi-coloured or curiously shaped glass beads that are visually distinctive, are used as chronological markers by archaeologists. Most of the single coloured, mainly blue or opaque white beads are very common and cannot be visually, chronologically differentiated. Non-destructive analysis (INAA) of turquoise blue or white beads from known-age archaeological sites in Ontario has revealed chemical changes in glass manufacturing compositions over time. This allows these otherwise nondescript, single coloured beads to be used as chronological and trade markers. Although the turquoise beads were always coloured by Cu, the white beads employed different opacifiers over time. First came Sn-rich beads (early to late 17th century); then Sb-rich beads (late 17th century to mid-19th century); finally As-rich beads (very late 18th century to early 20th century) and even F-whitened beads (19th century to 20th century). Within each major group, it appears that changes in glass making recipes may be found using the Na, K, Ca, Al and Cl contents. Therefore, chemical analysis of white glass trade beads may be as profitable as chemical analysis of turquoise blue trade beads in establishing chemical chronologies.

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