scholarly journals 'To be tensed or not to be tensed?' The case of Vietnamese

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 105-125
Author(s):  
Trang Phan ◽  
Nigel Duffield
Keyword(s):  
Functional Categories ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Tense And Aspect ◽  
Aspect Markers

In this paper, we scrutinise the interpretation and distribution of a number of morphemes that serve as means of expressing temporal/aspectual relations in Vietnamese, investigating whether they should treated as genuine tense and aspect markers. The main goals of the study are two-fold: (i) empirically, to offer a comprehensive description of Vietnamese tense and aspect, in both pre-verbal and post-verbal domains; (ii) theoretically, to offer new pieces of evidence supporting the claim that Tense and Aspect exist as independent functional categories in Vietnamese.

Vocabulary depends on topic, and so does grammar

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-234
Author(s):  
Naoki Nakamata
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Tense And Aspect ◽  
Existential Sentences ◽  
Aspect Markers ◽  
Contact Situation ◽  
Japanese Learners

Abstract This paper examines the topic-specific words extracted from a contact-situation conversation corpus of Japanese. The corpus that was analyzed contains 38 original Skype conversation sessions of 9 pairs of Japanese learners and native speakers on preselected topics. After manually dividing the entire corpus (approximately 200,000 words) into 13 subcorpora by topic, many substantial words and some function words were extracted as topic-specific. Although previous research has suggested that function words are not topic-dependent, this study shows that Japanese function words do, in fact, have a tendency of occurrence. For example, tense and aspect markers occur frequently for the topic “pop-culture,” while nominative markers and existential sentences occur for the topic “town.” This tendency may represent a fundamental resource for developing materials and textbook for both topic-based ones and grammar-structural ones.

Functional categories related to verb inflection are not differentially impaired in Greek aphasia

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATHANASSIOS PROTOPAPAS ◽  
SPYRIDOULA CHEIMARIOU ◽  
ALEXANDRA ECONOMOU ◽  
MARIA KAKAVOULIA ◽  
SPYRIDOULA VARLOKOSTA
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Functional Category ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Processing Load ◽  
Tense And Aspect ◽  
Grammaticality Judgment ◽  
Verb Inflection

abstractPrevious research in Greek aphasia has indicated that functional categories related to verb inflection are differentially impacted, with Aspect most severely affected, Agreement least affected, and Tense occupying an intermediate position. However, research materials were not controlled for overall length or position of the verb within the sentence, confounding functional category with processing load. Using balanced materials, here we tested ten persons with aphasia and ten matched control participants on grammaticality judgment and sentence completion in three functional categories (agreement, tense, and aspect) using ten verbs spanning a range of familiarity. Production results indicated no difference in errors of either lexeme or inflectional morpheme selection. In grammaticality judgment acceptance of incorrect sentences was lower for Agreement but this pattern was mirrored in the control group as well. The results provide no basis to support a specific linguistic deficit in the representation of functional categories in Greek persons with aphasia.

scholarly journals Universality and language-dependency of tense and aspect: Performatives from a crosslinguistic perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egbert Fortuin
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Linguistic Typology ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Tense And Aspect ◽  
The World ◽  
Aspect Marker ◽  
Aspect Markers ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper presents a cross-linguistic typology of performatives, especially with respect to their relationship with tense and aspect, in the languages of the world. I explore the relationship between performatives and particular tenses and aspects, and touch on the mechanisms underlying such a relationship. The paper finds that there is not one relation between performatives and a particular tense and aspect and there are no languages which have a special (dedicated) performative tense or aspect marker. Instead, performatives are compatible with various tense and aspect markers, even though the use of a present tense seems to be the most common. What counts as the most optimal tense and aspect for performatives depends on the division of labor within the linguistic structure.

Proficiency with tense and aspect concordance: children with SLI and their typically developing peers

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMANDA J. OWEN
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Information ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Time Marker ◽  
Tense And Aspect ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Aspect Markers ◽  
Agreement Morphology

AbstractChildren with SLI have difficulty with tense and agreement morphology. This study examined the proficiency of these children and their typically developing peers with the coordination of tense and aspect markers in two-clause sentences. Scenarios designed to elicit past tense were presented to five- to eight-year-old children with SLI (n=14) and their normally developing age- and MLU-matched peers (n=24) to examine the omission of tense markers in complex sentences (Owen, 2010). Responses with overt tense/aspect morphology in both clauses were recoded for how similar the use of tense and aspect was across the two clauses. Tense and aspect concordance was high across both sentence types, but aspect-only mismatches were more common than tense mismatches. The three groups of children did not differ from each other on any comparisons. Coordination of temporal information in sentences with more than one time marker does not appear to be especially difficult for these children.

The breakdown of functional categories in Greek aphasia: Evidence from agreement, tense, and aspect

Aphasiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 723-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyridoula Varlokosta ◽  
Natalia Valeonti ◽  
Maria Kakavoulia ◽  
Mirto Lazaridou ◽  
Alexandra Economou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Categories ◽  
Tense And Aspect

Discourse Motivations for Some Cognitive Acquisition Principles

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. Andersen ◽  
Yasuhiro Shirai
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Aspect Hypothesis ◽  
Tense And Aspect ◽  
Aspect Markers ◽  
Semantic Aspect

This paper offers an alternative interpretation for what has been called the defective tense hypothesis, the primacy of aspect hypothesis, or simply the aspect hypothesis in the literature on first and second language acquisition of tense and aspect. The aspect hypothesis states that first and second language learners will initially be influenced by the inherent semantic aspect of verbs or predicates in the acquisition of tense and aspect markers associated with or affixed to these verbs. Our account focuses on the observation that adult native speakers also appear to adhere to this primacy of inherent semantic aspect in the relative quantitative distribution of tense-aspect markers in their speech. We argue that a small set of cognitive operating principles and the notion of prototypicality account for this behavior in learners. Moreover, we argue that these principles are a consequence of how learners and native speakers alike organize information and their perspectives on it in ongoing discourse.

Influence of increased nutrient supply on Microcystis aeruginosa at cellular and proteomic levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Y Jiang ◽  
Y Liu
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Proteomic Responses

Various studies have observed that increased nutrient supply promotes the growth of bloom-forming cyanobacteria, but only a limited number of studies have investigated the influence of increased nutrient supply on bloom-forming cyanobacteria at the proteomic level. We investigated the cellular and proteomic responses of Microcystis aeruginosa to elevated nitrogen and phosphorus supply. Increased supply of both nutrients significantly promoted the growth of M. aeruginosa and the synthesis of chlorophyll a, protein, and microcystins. The release of microcystins and the synthesis of polysaccharides negatively correlated with the growth of M. aeruginosa under high nutrient levels. Overexpressed proteins related to photosynthesis, and amino acid synthesis, were responsible for the stimulatory effects of increased nutrient supply in M. aeruginosa. Increased nitrogen supply directly promoted cyanobacterial growth by inducing the overexpression of the cell division regulatory protein FtsZ. NtcA, that regulates gene transcription related to both nitrogen assimilation and microcystin synthesis, was overexpressed under the high nitrogen condition, which consequently induced overexpression of 2 microcystin synthetases (McyC and McyF) and promoted microcystin synthesis. Elevated nitrogen supply induced the overexpression of proteins involved in gas vesicle organization (GvpC and GvpW), which may increase the buoyancy of M. aeruginosa. Increased phosphorus level indirectly affected growth and the synthesis of cellular substances in M. aeruginosa through the mediation of differentially expressed proteins related to carbon and phosphorus metabolism. This study provides a comprehensive description of changes in the proteome of M. aeruginosa in response to an increased supply of 2 key nutrients.

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