scholarly journals Wyniki analiz spektrometrycznych dwóch dzbanów fenickich z kolekcji gołuchowskiej

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 271-285
Author(s):  
Michał Krueger ◽  
Inga Głuszek
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spectrometric Data ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper presents results of the spectrometric analyses of two Phoenician jugs from the Gołuchów collection. A non-invasive portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF) has been used to determine the chemical composition of the jugs. The aim of this work was to add new results to a database of spectrometric data of Phoenician pottery from central and western Mediterranean. Good agreement obtained between the chemical results of the two jugs suggest  that they could have been made from the same clay.

scholarly journals Non-invasive sensing for food reassurance

The Analyst ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 1587-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zou Xiaobo ◽  
Huang Xiaowei ◽  
Malcolm Povey
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Physical Principle ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

The main food quality traits of interest using non-invasive sensing techniques are sensory characteristics, chemical composition, physicochemical properties, health-protecting properties, nutritional characteristics and safety. A wide range of non-invasive sensing techniques, from optical, acoustical, electrical, to nuclear magnetic, X-ray, biosensor, microwave and terahertz, are organized according to physical principle.

scholarly journals Elementos arquitectónicos de la capilla funeraria de Sarenput II (QH31) en Qubbet el-Hawa. Caracterización geoquímica

2019 ◽  
pp. 227-240
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Martínez Hermoso ◽  
María José Ayora Cañada ◽  
Ana Domínguez Vidal ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
In Situ Analysis ◽  
General Design ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The North ◽  
North Wall ◽  
The Right ◽  
Invasive Techniques

The chapel of the QH31 funerary complex (Sarenput II) was excavated directly into the rock, like the rest of the hypogea of the necropolis of Qubbet el-Hawa. However, in the chapel there are some outstanding elements that, probably, were elaborated independently of the excavation works in situ, to be located in the planned place as an integral part of the burial equipment, and the general design of the chapel. These elements include, for example, the three pairs of Osiride statues in the corridor, the four pillars in the offering chamber, and the slabs with which they built the sanctuary of the statue of the grave’s owner. As these elements were found coated so as to make their surfaces suitable for decoration, it is very difficult to determine the stone with which they were made. During the last campaign (2018), in situ analysis with non-invasive techniques, such as X-ray Fluorescence, has allowed determining its chemical composition. In addition, some stone fragments found during the excavations carried out since 2008 by the Qubbet el-Hawa project (University of Jaén), have been analyzed, such as the wig of the decapitated statue on the north wall of the corridor, and the fragment belonging to the right jamb of the façade of the sanctuary housing the statue. The results of the analysis seem to indicate that these elements were made from a very similar sandstone to that of the excavation itself and not with silicified sandstone (quartzarenite), which was also very abundant at Qubbet el-Hawa. Besides, these studies show several differences in composition between the stone employed for the construction of the sanctuary, and other elements such as the Osiride statues. Finally, the slab on the floor of the sanctuary, on which the statue of Sarenput was placed, was made of imported limestone.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of archaeological pottery of the Lower Paraná River

Cerâmica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (374) ◽  
pp. 319-326
Author(s):  
D. Loponte ◽  
J. Morales ◽  
A. Gogichaishvili ◽  
A. Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Archaeological Pottery ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Concentration Levels

Abstract This paper analyzed the chemical composition of archaeological pottery produced by hunter-gatherers and horticulturist populations of the late Holocene of the lower Paraná basin. An energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used to analyze the chemical composition of the sherds. The results obtained indicated that the analyzed samples, within certain parameters, showed some variability. The differences were even more significant when comparing the chemical composition of the pottery of the hunter-gatherer groups and that of the horticulturists. The main components identified in the archaeological pottery were grouped primarily with the location of production, that is, they were the result of local manufacturing. Within the trace-elements, the greatest variations in composition were observed in the strontium, which was assumed to vary in concentration levels throughout the region.

scholarly journals Downhole Lithological Profile Reconstruction Based on Chemical Composition of Core Samples and Drill Cuttings Measured with Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1101
Author(s):  
Sylwia Kowalska ◽  
Benedykt Kubik ◽  
Rafał Skupio ◽  
Krzysztof Wolański
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Milled Material ◽  
Geophysical Logs ◽  
Chemical Composition Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Profile Reconstruction

The reconstruction of a lithological profile based on geophysical logs of chemical composition provided by geochemical gamma-gamma well logging probes has been increasingly used for geophysical interpretation. A chemical profile, analogous to the measurements mentioned above, can be determined based on measurements made with a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF). This paper presents a methodology for determining the mineral composition of drilled, clastic, as well as clay-rich rocks on the basis of both inexpensive and timesaving pXRF measurements as well as models combining the results of chemical composition analysis with results of mineral composition analysis (XRD). The results of chemical composition analysis obtained with a portable XRF spectrometer were calibrated based on a detailed analysis produced with ICP-OES and ICP-MS methods. A significant advantage of the proposed method is the possibility to apply it with regard to drill cuttings as well as archival cores. However, considerable discrepancies in the results obtained were identified while comparing the results of chemical composition analysed directly on the core and milled material. The analysed material comprised Carboniferous rocks derived from three boreholes located in Poland: Kobylin-1 as well as Biesiekierz-1 and -2. It was possible to directly compare the lithological profile obtained based on measurements taken on drill cuttings with the results of the lithological interpretation of a geochemical probe log.

scholarly journals An easy non-invasive X-ray diffraction method to determine the composition of Na-pyroxenes from high-density `greenstone' implements

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Giustetto ◽  
Giacomo Chiari ◽  
Roberto Compagnoni
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Western Alps ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metamorphic Belt ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive

A large number of polished stone implements from Palaeolithic to Bronze Age sites of Northern Italy and Southern France are made of high-pressure (HP) metamorphic rocks (eclogite and related rocks), mainly consisting of Na-pyroxene (jadeite to omphacite) from the metamorphic belt of the Western Alps. The standard archaeometric study of prehistoric stone implements follows a procedure that is invasive, expensive and time-consuming. Since Na-pyroxenes may show a large compositional range, a thorough study of the variations affecting thedhklvalues, obtained by X-ray diffraction, of three selected reflections as a function of different chemical composition was carried out, in order to determine the chemistry of Na-pyroxene isomorphic mixtures and roughly evaluate their relative amounts. These reflections (\bar221, 310, 002) are sharp, intense and sensitive to the variation of pyroxene chemical composition. Using suchdhklvalues measured on pyroxenes of known chemistry, a Ca-pyroxene(Di)–jadeite(Jd)–aegirine(Ae) compositional diagram was constructed, from which the composition of an unknown pyroxene can be estimated within an error of about 5%. When the size of the object is relatively small and a flat polished surface is present, the proposed analytical procedure becomes totally non-invasive. The data obtained shed light on the provenance sources of such implements and the prehistoric trade routes.

Influence of Bottom Ashes from Biomass on Compressive Strength of Concretes

2019 ◽  
Vol 972 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Ulewicz ◽  
Jakub Jura
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

The preliminary results of utilization of bottom ash from combustion of biomass for the produce of concrete has been presented. Currently, this waste are deposited in industrial waste landfills. The chemical composition of waste materials was determined using X-ray fluorescence (spectrometer ARL Advant 'XP). Concrete were made using CEM I 42.5 R (Cemex) and sand - gravel mix aggregate. The obtained concrete were subjected to microscopic examination (LEO Electron Microscopy Ltd.) and their compressive strength (PN-EN-196-1) and absorbability (PN-85/B-04500) were identified. The obtained results showed, the replacement of the natural aggregates by bottom ash from combustion of biomass reduce consumption of raw materials and will have a good influence on the environment.

scholarly journals Determination of platinum group elements in catalysts recycling products by SEM with energy dispersive spectrometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Nikolai S. Chebykin ◽  
Ivan P. Sandalov ◽  
Dmitry A. Zamyatin ◽  
Sergey L. Votyakov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Platinum Group Elements ◽  
Phase Boundaries ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Platinum Group ◽  
Good Agreement

Analysis of platinum group elements (PGE) extracted from various catalysts used in the car, petroleum and chemical industries requires use of microanalytical methods. PGE content in the platinum powder concentrates K176 and K177 was studied by SEM-EDS. The content of main elements was determined using analytical lines Fe Kα1, Si Kα1, Sn Lα1, Pt Lα1, Re Lα1. The obtained data for the chemical composition are in good agreement with the result obtained by X-ray fluorescence analysis and ICP-MS method. Powdered platinum concentrates are considered to be ferrosilicide (FeSi), where PGE are localized at the phase boundaries and in separate patches of the K176 sample, or distributed over the volume of particles in the K177 sample.

Reconstructing root system architectures from non-invasive imaging techniques for the use in functional structural root models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Landl ◽  
Katrin Huber ◽  
Andreas Pohlmeier ◽  
Jan Vanderborght ◽  
Daniel Pflugfelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
System Reconstruction ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Good Agreement

<p>The combination of functional-structural root-system models with root architectures derived from non-invasive imaging is a promising approach for gaining a better understanding of root-soil interaction processes. However, root architectures can often not be fully recovered using imaging, which subsequently affects the assessment of function via the functional-structural root models. In this study, we explored theoretical and actual possibilities of root system reconstruction from MRI and X-ray CT images. Experiments with water-filled capillaries showed the same minimum detectable diameter for both MRI and X-ray CT for the used parameter setup. Experiments with soil-grown lupine roots, however, showed significantly lower root system recovery fractions for MRI than for X-ray CT, from which most roots thicker than 0.2 mm could be recovered. MRI allowed root signal detection below voxel resolution; however, the connection of this signal to a continuous root structure proved difficult for large, crowded root systems. Furthermore, soil moisture levels >30% hampered root system recovery from MRI scans in experiments with pure sand. To overcome the problem of low root system recovery fractions, we developed a new method that uses incomplete root systems as a scaffold onto which missing roots are simulated using information from WinRhizo measurements. Comparisons of root length within subsamples of semi-virtual root systems and root systems derived from X-ray CT scans showed good agreement. Evaluation of hydraulic root architecture measures of incomplete root system scaffolds and semi-virtual root systems proved the importance of using complete root system reconstructions to simulate root water uptake. Semi-virtual root reconstruction thus appears to be a promising technique to complete root systems for subsequent use in functional-structural root models.</p>

X-ray microtomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
H.W. Deckman ◽  
B.F. Flannery ◽  
J.H. Dunsmuir ◽  
K.D' Amico
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

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