scholarly journals PREDICTION OF 100 m FRONT CRAWL PERFORMANCE THROUGH ANTHROPOMETRICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN YOUTH GREEK SWIMMERS ACCORDING TO GENDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
G Rozi ◽  
M Dopsaj ◽  
T Platanou
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Predictive Relationship

Aim. Investigate the predictive relationship between 100 m front crawl swimming performance of youth swimmers and anthropometric characteristics. Materials and methods. Fifty-one active athletes (n = 30 male and n = 21 female) participated in the research and for the purposes of the analysis were divided into two categories (13–15 years n = 32, and 16–18 years old, n = 19). The following anthropometric data were used as set of predictive variables (7 longitudinal, 7 skinfolds, 3 circumference and 1 voluminosity variables). Results. One prediction model for each gender and age group emerged. The percentage of the explained variance of the dependent variable (100 m front crawl performance time) is 84.6 %, 54.4 %, 71.1 % and 72.7 % respectively for male, female, youth and cadet swimmers. The significant variables for each model were: arm span, biceps skinfold, biceps bracchi circumference in contraction for male swimmers, sitting height for female swimmers, biceps bracchi circumference in contraction and body weight for youth swimmers, triceps skinfold and biceps bracchi circumference in contraction for cadet swimmers. Conclusion. Youth swimmers’ performance can be predicted by important anthropometric parameters.

A Multivariate Analysis of Performance in Young Swimmers

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Saavedra ◽  
Yolanda Escalante ◽  
Ferran A. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Performance Variability ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Analysis Of Performance ◽  
And Training

This study develops multivariate models to predict swimming performance based on multidimensional assessment. 66 male (age 13.6 ± 0.6 y) and 67 female (11.5 ± 0.6 y) swimmers undertook a test battery including a sports background and training questionnaire, anthropometry, general and specific fitness tests, and technique. Competitive performance (LEN scores in three best events) was the predicted variable. A multiple linear regression model explained 82.4% of performance variability in males (based on age, sitting height, 30-min test, 6 × 50 m at 1:30, and swimming index) and 84.5% in females (age, 30-min test, 6 × 50 m at 1:30, and velocity at 50 m). Discriminant analysis using a four-group split-sample approach correctly classified 94.1% of the best male swimmers (based on age, 30-min test, 6 × 50 m at 1:30, shoulder extension, arm span, and height), and 71.0% of the best females swimmers (30-min test, horizontal floating, velocity at 50 m, and age). Chronological age was the main predictor of performance in this age category. Main predictive variables pertained to the anthropometric (particularly in males), specific fitness (aerobic speed and endurance), and technical domains (particularly in females). In these ages competitions should be organized according to year of birth and not by age categories.

Influence of Pacing Manipulation on Performance of Juniors in Simulated 400-m Swim Competition

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Skorski ◽  
Oliver Faude ◽  
Chris R. Abbiss ◽  
Seraina Caviezel ◽  
Nina Wengert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Male Age ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Initial Trial ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Starting Speed

Purpose:To date, there has been limited research examining the influence of pacing pattern (PP) on middle-distance swimming performance. As such, the purpose of the current study was to examine the influence of PP manipulation on 400-m freestyle swimming performance.Methods:15 front-crawl swimmers (5 female, 10 male; age 18 ± 2 y) performed 3 simulated 400-m swimming events. The initial trial was self-selected pacing (PPSS). The following 2 trials were performed in a counterbalanced order and required participants to complete the first 100 m more slowly (PPSLOW: 4.5% ± 2.2%) or quickly (PPFAST: 2.4% ± 1.6%) than the PPSS trial. 50-m split times were recorded during each trial.Results:Overall performance time was faster in PPSS (275.0 ± 15.9 s) than in PPFAST (278.5 ± 16.4 s, P = .05) but not significantly different from PPSLOW (277.5 ± 16.2 s, P = .22). However, analysis for practical relevance revealed that pacing manipulation resulted in a “likely” (>88.2%) decrease in performance compared with PPSS.Conclusion:Moderate manipulation of the starting speed during simulated 400-m freestyle races seems to affect overall performance. The observed results indicate that PPSS is optimal in most individuals, yet it seems to fail in some swimmers. Future research should focus on the identification of athletes possibly profiting from manipulations.

Anthropometric and Physiological Characteristics in Young Afro-Caribbean Swimmers: A Preliminary Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Hue ◽  
Sophie Antoine-Jonville ◽  
Olivier Galy ◽  
Stephen Blonc
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Competitive Swimmers ◽  
Energy Cost Of Swimming

The authors investigated the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of young Guadeloupian competitive swimmers in relation to swimming performance and compared the abilities of these children with those of the young white swimmers reported in the literature. All 2004 competitive swimmers between 10 and 14 y old (126 children, 61 boys and 65 girls, 12.0 ± 1.3 y) from Guadeloupe underwent anthropometric measurements and physiological and performance testing. Six boys on the French national swimming team are referred to hereafter as the 2011 elite subgroup. Anthropometric parameters, a jump-and-reach test, glide, and estimated aerobic power (eVO2max) were assessed in terms of swimming-performance analysis through a 400-m test. This study demonstrated that the Guadeloupian swimmers had more body fat than most age-matched white swimmers but had very poor hydrostatic lift; they had higher peak jump height and they swam as well as their white counterparts. The variability in 400-m performance between subjects was best described by glide, age, and eVO2max. Compared with the group of boys with the same age, the 2011 elite subgroup was significantly better for arm span, peak jump height, glide, and 400-m and 15-m performances. Further research is needed to investigate motor organization and energy cost of swimming in Afro-Caribbean swimmers.

Analysis of Swimming Performance from Physical, Physiological, and Biomechanical Parameters in Young Swimmers

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaak Jürimäe ◽  
Kaja Haljaste ◽  
Antonio Cicchella ◽  
Evelin Lätt ◽  
Priit Purge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Cost ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Stroke Length ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Energy Cost Of Swimming

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the energy cost of swimming, body composition, and technical parameters on swimming performance in young swimmers. Twenty-nine swimmers, 15 prepubertal (11.9 ± 0.3 years; Tanner Stages 1−2) and 14 pubertal (14.3 ± 1.4 years; Tanner Stages 3−4) boys participated in the study. The energy cost of swimming (Cs) and stroking parameters were assessed over maximal 400-m front-crawl swimming in a 25m swimming pool. The backward extrapolation technique was used to evaluate peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). A stroke index (SI; m2 · s−1 · cycles−1) was calculated by multiplying the swimming speed by the stroke length. VO2peak results were compared with VO2peak test in the laboratory (bicycle, 2.86 ± 0.74 L/min, vs. in water, 2.53 ± 0.50 L/min; R2 = .713; p = .0001). Stepwise-regression analyses revealed that SI (R2 = .898), in-water VO2peak (R2 = .358), and arm span (R2 = .454) were the best predictors of swimming performance. The backward-extrapolation method could be used to assess VO2peak in young swimmers. SI, arm span, and VO2peak appear to be the major determinants of front-crawl swimming performance in young swimmers.

Relationships Between Propulsion and Anthropometry in Paralympic Swimmers

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 978-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Dingley ◽  
David B. Pyne ◽  
Brendan Burkett
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Frontal Surface ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Upper Body Power

Purpose:To characterize relationships between propulsion, anthropometry, and performance in Paralympic swimming.Methods:A cross-sectional study of swimmers (13 male, 15 female) age 20.5 ± 4.4 y was conducted. Subject locomotor categorizations were no physical disability (n = 8, classes S13–S14) and low-severity (n = 11, classes S9–S10) or midseverity disability (n = 9, classes S6–S8). Full anthropometric profiles estimated muscle mass and body fat, a bilateral swim-bench ergometer quantified upper-body power production, and 100-m time trials quantified swimming performance.Results:Correlations between ergometer mean power and swimming performance increased with degree of physical disability (low-severity male r = .65, ±0.56, and female r = .68, ±0.64; midseverity, r = .87, ±0.41, and r = .79, ±0.75). The female midseverity group showed nearperfect (positive) relationships for taller swimmers’ (with a greater muscle mass and longer arm span) swimming faster, while for female no- and low-severity-disability groups, greater muscle mass was associated with slower velocity (r = .78, ±0.43, and r = .65, ±0.66). This was supported with lighter females (with less frontal surface area) in the low-severity group being faster (r = .94, ±0.24). In a gender contrast, low-severity males with less muscle mass (r = -.64, ±0.56), high skinfolds (r = .78, ±0.43), a longer arm span (r = .58, ±0.60) or smaller frontal surface area (r = -.93, ±0.19) were detrimental to swimming-velocity production.Conclusion:Low-severity male and midseverity female Paralympic swimmers should be encouraged to develop muscle mass and upper-body power to enhance swimming performance. The generalized anthropometric measures appear to be a secondary consideration for coaches.

scholarly journals The mountains of giants: an anthropometric survey of male youths in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 161054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Grasgruber ◽  
Stevo Popović ◽  
Dominik Bokuvka ◽  
Ivan Davidović ◽  
Sylva Hřebíčková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
The World ◽  
Republika Srpska

The aim of this anthropometric survey, conducted between 2015 and 2016 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), was to map local geographical differences in male stature and some other anthropometric characteristics (sitting height, arm span). In addition, to investigate the main environmental factors influencing physical growth, the documented values of height would be compared with available nutritional and socioeconomic statistics. Anthropometric data were collected in 3192 boys aged approximately 18.3 years (17–20 years), from 97 schools in 37 towns. When corrected for population size in the examined regions, the average height of young males in BiH is 181.2 cm (181.4 cm in the Bosniak-Croat Federation, 180.9 cm in Republika Srpska). The regional variation is considerable—from 179.7 cm in the region of Doboj to 184.5 cm in the region of Trebinje. These results fill a long-term gap in the anthropological research of the Western Balkans and confirm older reports that the population of the Dinaric Alps is distinguished by extraordinary physical stature. Together with the Dutch, Montenegrins and Dalmatians, men from Herzegovina (183.4 cm) can be regarded as the tallest in the world. Because both nutritional standards and socioeconomic conditions are still deeply suboptimal, the most likely explanation of this exceptional height lies in specific genetic factors associated with the spread of Y haplogroup I-M170. The genetic potential for height in this region could then be the greatest in the world. Future studies should further elucidate the roots of this intriguing phenomenon, which touches an important aspect of human biodiversity.

scholarly journals What Is the Optimal Strength Training Load to Improve Swimming Performance? A Randomized Trial of Male Competitive Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11770
Author(s):  
Sofiene Amara ◽  
Emmet Crowley ◽  
Senda Sammoud ◽  
Yassine Negra ◽  
Raouf Hammami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Volume Load ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of high, moderate, and low resistance training volume-load of maximum strength training on muscle strength and swimming performance in competitive swimmers. Thirty-three male swimmers were randomly allocated to high (age = 16.5 ± 0.30 years), moderate (age = 16.1 ± 0.32 years) and a low resistance training volume-load group (age = 15.9 ± 0.31). This study was carried out in mid-season (January to March). Pre and post strength (e.g., repetition maximum [1RM] leg extension and bench press tests), swimming (25, 50 m front-crawl), start (speed, time, distance) and turn (time of turn) performance tests were conducted. Our findings revealed a large main effect of time for 1RM bench press: d = 1.38; 1RM leg extension: d = 1.55, and for 25 (d = 1.12), and 50 m (d = 1.97) front-crawl, similarly for start and turn performance (d = 1.28–1.46). However, no significant Group × Time interactions were shown in all strength swimming performances, start and turn tests (p > 0.05). In conclusion, low training loads have been shown to elicit the same results as moderate, and high training loads protocol. Therefore, this study shows evidence that the addition of low training volume-loads as a regular part of a maximal strength training regime will elicit improvements in strength and swimming performance.

Evaluation of Arm Span and Sitting Height as Proxy for Height in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia in Lagos, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Olufemi Akodu ◽  
Ijeoma Nnenna Diaku-Akinwumi ◽  
Omolara Adeolu Kehinde ◽  
Olisamedua Fidelis Njokanma
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Arm Span

scholarly journals Auxology Is a Valuable Instrument for the Clinical Diagnosis of SHOX Haploinsufficiency in School-Age Children with Unexplained Short Stature

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 4891-4896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Binder ◽  
Michael B. Ranke ◽  
David D. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Short Stature ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Mutation Screening ◽  
Idiopathic Short Stature ◽  
Paternal Allele ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Hand Radiography

Abstract SHOX (short stature homeobox-containing gene) mutations causing haploinsufficiency have been reported in some individuals with idiopathic short stature and in many patients with Leri-Weill-dyschondrosteosis. Around 80% of SHOX mutations are complete gene deletions, whereas diverse point mutations account for the rest. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of SHOX mutations in children with idiopathic short stature and to give an unbiased characterization of the haploinsufficiency phenotype of such children. We recruited 140 children (61 girls), in our clinic, with idiopathic short stature, which was defined by the presence of normal IGF-I and free T4; a normal karyotype in females; the absence of endomysium antibodies, of chronic organic, psychological, or syndromatic disease; and by the lack of clear signs of any osteodysplasia. Height, arm span, and sitting height were recorded, and subischial leg length was calculated. Two highly polymorphic microsatellite markers located around the SHOX coding region (CA-SHOX repeat and DXYS233) were PCR-amplified with fluorescent primers and separated in an automatic sequencing machine. Analysis of parental DNA was performed in the probands who had only one fragment size of each of both markers. SHOX haploinsufficiency caused by a SHOX deletion was confirmed in three probands (2%), all females, who carried a de novo deletion through loss of the paternal allele. Their auxological data revealed a significant shortening of arms and legs in the presence of a low-normal sitting height, when compared with the other 137 children tested. Therefore, the extremities-trunk ratio (sum of leg length and arm span, divided by sitting height) for total height was significantly lower in the three SHOX haploinsufficient probands, in comparison with the whole group. This observation was confirmed with the auxological data of five additional patients (four females) previously diagnosed with SHOX haploinsufficiency; all but the youngest girl had height-adjusted extremities-trunk ratios more than 1 sd below the mean. All children with SHOX haploinsufficiency exhibited at least one characteristic radiological sign of Leri-Weill-dyschondrosteosis in their left-hand radiography, namely triangularization of the distal radial epiphysis, pyramidalization of the distal carpal row, or lucency of the distal ulnar border of the radius. Our observations suggest that it is rational to limit SHOX mutation screening to children with an extremities-trunk ratio less than 1.95 + 1/2 height (m) and to add a critical judgment of the hand radiography.

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