Anthropometric and Physiological Characteristics in Young Afro-Caribbean Swimmers: A Preliminary Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Hue ◽  
Sophie Antoine-Jonville ◽  
Olivier Galy ◽  
Stephen Blonc
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Competitive Swimmers ◽  
Energy Cost Of Swimming

The authors investigated the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of young Guadeloupian competitive swimmers in relation to swimming performance and compared the abilities of these children with those of the young white swimmers reported in the literature. All 2004 competitive swimmers between 10 and 14 y old (126 children, 61 boys and 65 girls, 12.0 ± 1.3 y) from Guadeloupe underwent anthropometric measurements and physiological and performance testing. Six boys on the French national swimming team are referred to hereafter as the 2011 elite subgroup. Anthropometric parameters, a jump-and-reach test, glide, and estimated aerobic power (eVO2max) were assessed in terms of swimming-performance analysis through a 400-m test. This study demonstrated that the Guadeloupian swimmers had more body fat than most age-matched white swimmers but had very poor hydrostatic lift; they had higher peak jump height and they swam as well as their white counterparts. The variability in 400-m performance between subjects was best described by glide, age, and eVO2max. Compared with the group of boys with the same age, the 2011 elite subgroup was significantly better for arm span, peak jump height, glide, and 400-m and 15-m performances. Further research is needed to investigate motor organization and energy cost of swimming in Afro-Caribbean swimmers.

Anthropometric characteristics and physiological responses of high level swimmers and performance in 100 m freestyle swimming

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
G. Rozi ◽  
V. Thanopoulos ◽  
N. Geladas ◽  
E. Soultanaki ◽  
M. Dopsaj
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

The effect of the anthropometric characteristics on performances has been the subject of many studies (Reilly, T., Bangsbo, J., & Franks, A. (2000). Anthropometric and physiological predispositions for elite soccer. Journal of Sports Science, 18(9), 669–683) but performance also depends on different physiological parameters. The aim of the present study is to define the anthropometric and physiological variables that best predict performance time of 100 m freestyle swimming. Twenty-five competitive male swimmers (age: 15 ± 1.2 years) participated in the research. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that arm span is the best predictor of 100 m freestyle swimming performance (r = 0.835). Arm span explains 68.5% of the variance of dependent variable (Adj R2: 0.685). In the final model, the variables that best describe 100 m freestyle swimming are the number of strokes of 100 m freestyle swimming, triceps skinfold, pelvis and shoulders width (Adj R2: 0.882). These findings confirm the importance of the anthropometric variables for swimming performance and could help coaches in the selection of high-level athletes.

scholarly journals Comparison of Morphological Profiles and Performance Variables Between Female Volleyball Players of the First and Second Division In Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Roriz ◽  
Daniel Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
And Performance

AbstractKnowledge of players’ anthropometric profiles may contribute to a better understanding of the differences between their performance levels. For example, vertical jump height, which is a major indicator of a volleyball player’s performance, is influenced by favorable anthropometric variables. This study’s aim was to describe anthropometric profiles of elite female volleyball players competing in the 1st and 2nd divisions in Portugal and to link these profiles with performance skills such as jump height obtained during blocking and spiking actions. Fifty-nine volleyball players were analyzed according to their competitive level, forming three independent groups: GA (n = 20, A1 division, ranked first), GB (n = 21, A1 division, ranked last) and GC (n = 18, A2 division). Anthropometric data collected included body mass and height, arm span, seven skinfolds (triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal, thigh and calf), four body perimeters (relaxed brachial, contracted brachial, thigh and calf), and two body diameters (humeral and femoral). Performance data included the height obtained during block and spike actions. Significant differences were found between groups (GA/GB from A1 and GC from A2). Players in the GA had the highest body mass (68.05 ± 6.62 kg, p < 0.05), body height (176.35 ± 6.21 cm, p < 0.05), arm span (177.59 ± 6.09 cm, p < 0.05), lean mass (53.51 ± 4.94 kg, p < 0.05) and vertical jump heights (block: 0.36 ± 0.06 m and spike: 0.43 ± 0.05 m, p < 0.05). As expected, the fat mass percentage of GA players was the lowest (21.30 ± 2.61%). The results suggest that anthropometric profiles of volleyball players may vary according to the competitive level. The higher body mass, body height, arm span, and lean mass presented by GA players in comparison with GC players suggest these variables are important for top-level performance, since these athletes also exhibited higher jump heights. Variables such as height and arm span have a considerable genetic influence and could be important for early talent identification in volleyball. Other variables such as body mass, lean mass and vertical jump performance are more complex, since they also reflect the effects of environmental and training conditions.

scholarly journals PREDICTION OF 100 m FRONT CRAWL PERFORMANCE THROUGH ANTHROPOMETRICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN YOUTH GREEK SWIMMERS ACCORDING TO GENDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
G Rozi ◽  
M Dopsaj ◽  
T Platanou
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Predictive Relationship

Aim. Investigate the predictive relationship between 100 m front crawl swimming performance of youth swimmers and anthropometric characteristics. Materials and methods. Fifty-one active athletes (n = 30 male and n = 21 female) participated in the research and for the purposes of the analysis were divided into two categories (13–15 years n = 32, and 16–18 years old, n = 19). The following anthropometric data were used as set of predictive variables (7 longitudinal, 7 skinfolds, 3 circumference and 1 voluminosity variables). Results. One prediction model for each gender and age group emerged. The percentage of the explained variance of the dependent variable (100 m front crawl performance time) is 84.6 %, 54.4 %, 71.1 % and 72.7 % respectively for male, female, youth and cadet swimmers. The significant variables for each model were: arm span, biceps skinfold, biceps bracchi circumference in contraction for male swimmers, sitting height for female swimmers, biceps bracchi circumference in contraction and body weight for youth swimmers, triceps skinfold and biceps bracchi circumference in contraction for cadet swimmers. Conclusion. Youth swimmers’ performance can be predicted by important anthropometric parameters.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, is there any relationship with main indices of central fat in adolescent competitive swimmers?

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Cesare Altavilla ◽  
Annabelle Joulianos ◽  
José Miguel Comeche Guijarro ◽  
Pablo Caballero Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits ◽  
Central Fat ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Introduction: The relationship between adherence to the mediterranean diet and central fat of adolescent competitive swimmers is under-studied. The fat component is interesting because of its relationship to the horizontal floatation and speed during the swimming performance. An accumulation of central fat is considered a negative factor for health and performance. This study aimed to check the degree of adherence to the mediterranean diet and its relationship with some indices of central fat in competitive adolescent swimmers. Material and method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. 74 adolescent swimmers participated in the study (males n= 34, 14.5 ± 1.3 y.o., females n= 40, 13.6 ± 1.2 y.o.). The swimmers completed the KIDMED questionnaire to assess their adherence to the mediterranean diet. A II level ISAK anthropometrist carried out the anthropometric data collection at the beginning of the evening swimming session. Results: The swimmers showed a medium adherence to the mediterranean diet. Male and female swimmers showed similar KIDMED index score (males 8.09 ± 1.5, females 7.23 ± 2.2). Age seems to be a detrimental factor in the adherence to the mediterranean diet during adolescence. Female swimmers showed a significant lower waist/hip ratio compared to males (-0.028; p = 0.01). The adherence to the mediterranean diet was not correlated with the anthropometric measures of central fat. Conclusions: Regardless of the adherence to the mediterranean diet, elevated swimming activity maintains indices of central fat in healthy values. Despite there was no correlation between adherence to the mediterranean diet and the anthropometric measures of central fat, there are reasons related to health to improve healthy eating habits of adolescent competitive swimmers.

scholarly journals Does the GNB3 C825T Polymorphism Influence Swimming Performance in Competitive Swimmers?

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Grenda ◽  
Marek Sawczuk ◽  
Mariusz Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Maciejewska ◽  
Danuta Umiastowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Polymorphic Site ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
C825t Polymorphism ◽  
Gnb3 C825t ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Abstract Single nucleotide polymorphism C825T located within the GNB3 gene has been proposed in the literature as the performance enhancing polymorphism in highly trained athletes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to verify the hypothesis assuming an association between the C825T polymorphic site and performance of competitive swimmers. The frequencies of C/T alleles and distribution of CC, CT and TT genotypes of the C825T GNB3 polymorphism were compared between athletes and nonathletic controls as well as between sprint and endurance swimmers. Genomic DNA was extracted from 197 competitive swimmers (50 long distance swimmers (LDS) and 147 short distance swimmers (SDS)) and 379 sedentary volunteers. The allele frequencies and genotype distribution of the C825T polymorphic site were not significantly different when LDS and SDS were compared to sedentary controls. Gender-specific analysis did not reveal any significant differences in allele and genotype distribution, neither between female controls and female swimmers nor between male controls and male swimmers. No significant differences in allele frequencies and genotype distribution were observed when LDS and SDS as well as groups of swimmers stratified by gender were compared. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that the C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene is associated with swimming performance in competitive swimmers.

A 3-min All-out Upper-body Ergometer Test For Competitive Swimmers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Baastrup Nordsborg ◽  
Jerónimo Aragón-Vela ◽  
Thomas Bonne ◽  
Magni Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Critical Speed ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Ergometer Test ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

AbstractWe examined the application of a land-based swimming ergometer 3-min all-out test to determine physiological predictors of swimming performance. Fourteen young elite swimmers participated (males: n=6; females: n=8). The swimmers completed two 3-min upper-body all-out tests on a swimming ergometer. Additionally, the swimmers completed freestyle swim races ranging from 50 m to 1500 m. High test-retest reproducibility (r=0.98 and coefficient of variation values <7.5%) was evident for ergometer derived peak, mean and critical power. Very strong correlations (r>0.87, p<0.001) were obtained between the 200-, 400-, 800- and 1500-m swimming performances and derived critical speed. Moreover, correlations were found between peak force and peak power and 50-m performance, in addition to critical power and performance for all distances. The critical speed was the dominant predictor of 200- to 1500-m performances (r=0.84−0.99). In conclusion, the land-based 3-min all-out swimming ergometer test is reliable and valid in predicting swimming performance in competitive swimmers and evaluates important physiological components in swimmers independent of technical abilities.

scholarly journals How cold is too cold? Establishing the minimum water temperature limits for marathon swim racing

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (17) ◽  
pp. 1078-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Saycell ◽  
Mitch Lomax ◽  
Heather Massey ◽  
Mike Tipton
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Linear Rate ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Open Water Swimming ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

ObjectivesTo provide a rationale for minimum water temperature rules for elite and subelite marathon swim racing and highlight factors that make individuals vulnerable to excessive cooling during open water swimming.Methods12 lean competitive swimmers swam for up to 2 hours, three times in different water temperatures between 14°C and 20°C, wearing standard swimming costumes and hats. Rectal temperature (Tre), oxygen consumption, perception of cold and performance were measured.ResultsIn 16°C, half the swimmers did not complete a 2-hour swim; four became (or were predicted to become) hypothermic within 2 hours. In 18°C, three-quarters completed the swim; three became (or were predicted to become) hypothermic. In 20°C, one swimmer was predicted to become hypothermic in under 2 hours. The mean linear rate of fall of Tre was greater in 16°C (−1.57°C/hour) than 18°C (−1.07°C/hour) (p=0.03). There was no change in swimming performance during the swims or between conditions. Most of the cooling rate could be explained by metabolic heat production and morphology for both 16°C (R2=0.94, p<0.01) and 18°C (R2=0.82, p<0.01) conditions. No relationship was observed between Tre and perception of thermal sensation (r=0.25, p=0.13), and there was a weak correlation between Tre and thermal comfort (r=0.32, p=0.04).ConclusionWe recommend that 16°C and 18°C water are too cold for elite marathon swim racing. FédérationInternationale de Natation rules were changed in 2017 to make wetsuits compulsory below 18°C and optional below 20°C.

Relationships Between Hoffman Reflex Parameters, Trait Stress, and Athletic Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasool Bagheri ◽  
Mohammad Reza Pourahmadi ◽  
Rozita Hedayati ◽  
Ziaeddin Safavi-Farokhi ◽  
Atefeh Aminian-far ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
Hoffman Reflex ◽  
Training History ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

This study evaluated the relationships between trait stress, Hoffman reflex, and performance among 36 healthy amateur male athletes. We first obtained a trait stress questionnaire from participants and then assigned them to high- and low-stress groups. We next recorded Hoffman reflex data from the soleus and lateral gastrocnemius muscles and then examined their athletic performance on testing protocols separated by a 72-hour washout period. Performance testing utilized vertical jump height, 20 -m sprint time, and standing stork tests. There were significant correlations between (a) the standing stork test, vertical jump height, and trait stress and (b) Hmax/ Mmax ratios, threshold intensity ( Hth), the intensity of the Hmax, and the intensity of the Hlast. Hth, the intensity of Hmax, and the intensity of Hlast were significantly higher among the low-stress compared with the high-stress participant groups ( p < .05), despite participants’ similar training history. We suggest that self-perceived psychological stress affects performance through neural adaptation.

Analysis of Swimming Performance from Physical, Physiological, and Biomechanical Parameters in Young Swimmers

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaak Jürimäe ◽  
Kaja Haljaste ◽  
Antonio Cicchella ◽  
Evelin Lätt ◽  
Priit Purge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Cost ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Stroke Length ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Energy Cost Of Swimming

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the energy cost of swimming, body composition, and technical parameters on swimming performance in young swimmers. Twenty-nine swimmers, 15 prepubertal (11.9 ± 0.3 years; Tanner Stages 1−2) and 14 pubertal (14.3 ± 1.4 years; Tanner Stages 3−4) boys participated in the study. The energy cost of swimming (Cs) and stroking parameters were assessed over maximal 400-m front-crawl swimming in a 25m swimming pool. The backward extrapolation technique was used to evaluate peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). A stroke index (SI; m2 · s−1 · cycles−1) was calculated by multiplying the swimming speed by the stroke length. VO2peak results were compared with VO2peak test in the laboratory (bicycle, 2.86 ± 0.74 L/min, vs. in water, 2.53 ± 0.50 L/min; R2 = .713; p = .0001). Stepwise-regression analyses revealed that SI (R2 = .898), in-water VO2peak (R2 = .358), and arm span (R2 = .454) were the best predictors of swimming performance. The backward-extrapolation method could be used to assess VO2peak in young swimmers. SI, arm span, and VO2peak appear to be the major determinants of front-crawl swimming performance in young swimmers.

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