scholarly journals Factors Controlling the Development of Wine-Glass Forms in the Mountains of the Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Varoujan K. Sissakian ◽  
Arsalan A. Othman ◽  
Ahmed T. Shihab
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
The Core ◽  
Field Check ◽  
Gis Technique ◽  
Wine Glass ◽  
Rugged Topography ◽  
Jurassic Rocks ◽  
Different Shapes

The northern and northeastern parts of Iraq are mountainous areas and rugged topography with different erosional and morphological forms; among them are the wine-glass (erosional cirques) forms. They are developed in different shapes, sizes, and depths. In the outlets of the wine-glass forms; usually, alluvial fans are formed. The studied area is characterized by the presence of long and narrow anticlines with NW–SE trend that changes westward to E–W trend. The Cretaceous carbonate rocks form the main carapace of the majority of the mountains; however, locally Paleogene and/or Jurassic rocks form the carapace. In the core, rocks down to Devonian are exposed. In those anticlines where only Cretaceous rocks are exposed, no or very rarely wine-glass forms are developed. This is attributed to the Cretaceous carbonate rocks, which exist in huge thicknesses in many formations, with thickly bedded to massive nature and very hard erosion resisting rocks. Tens of the existing wineglass forms are studied to indicate the factors that control their development, which are the type of exposed rocks, their thicknesses, and hardness. To perform the aim of this study, different satellite imagery with different resolutions was used; besides using GIS technique and field check to improve the acquired date.

scholarly journals Geometry and Modeling of the Oval Strand of n0+(2n0+4)+n2 Type

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Stanová
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Geometric Modeling ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Wire Rope ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
The Core ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Wire Strand

Abstract A wire rope is a structure composed of many individual wires. The wires form two major structural elements: the strand core and the layers of the strand. There may be different shapes of strands in the rope depending on the shape of strand core. The paper deals with the mathematical geometric modeling of the oval wire strand created of n0 + (2n0 + 4) + n2 wires. The number and diameter of the core wires are the initial data. The mathematical representation is in form of parametric equations of the wire axes. The equations are implemented in the Pro/Engineer Wildfire V5 software for creating the geometrical model of the strand.

The Storm Deposits Sedimentary Formation in Upper Ganchaigou Group of Youshashan Oilfield in Qaidam Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1376-1378
Author(s):  
Rui Tang ◽  
You Bin He ◽  
Jun Tang ◽  
Yong Hou ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Lake ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Clay Rock ◽  
Sedimentary Sequence ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sedimentary Model ◽  
Sedimentary Formation ◽  
Storm Deposits

Base on the observation on the core of the Upper Ganchaigou Group of Youshashan Oilfield in Qaidam Basin (N1) and the analysis into the sedimentary background and structure, as well as previous foundings, the Neogene Period in the River Delta can be found as a-shallow lake deposition environment. The Upper Ganchaigou group in the study area is dominated by sandstone, siltstone, clay rock and little carbonate rocks. The sedimentary structures are rich, and it mainly includes: gutter cast (pocket structure), scour surface and truncated structure, hummocky cross-bedding, lapped bedding, wave bedding and so on. By summing up the above characteristic, this area is thought to have the characteristics of storm deposits, and in accordance with the storm sedimentary sequence, a sedimentary model is established.

Ordovician geology of Akpatok Island, Ungava Bay, District of Franklin

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Workum ◽  
Thomas E. Bolton ◽  
Christopher R. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Drill Hole ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Similar Sequence ◽  
The West ◽  
The Core ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Conodont Fauna ◽  
Early Upper

The Paleozoic sequence of Akpatok Island consists of a least 800 ft ([Formula: see text]) of exposed limestone, underlain by 1098 ft (334.7 m) of limestone, shale, and sandstone, as recognized in Premium Homestead Akpatok L-26 drill hole located on the west-central coast. The exposed carbonate rocks contain a megafaunal sequence and a limited conodont fauna ranging in age from late Middle (Barneveld) to early Upper (Maysvillian) Ordovician; a similar sequence is present within the upper Bad Cache Rapids – Churchill River Groups of Southampton Island, Hudson Bay. A conodont fauna present in the core 119 to 231 ft (36.3–70.4 m) above the Precambrian is of early Middle (Whiterockian) Ordovician age; a similar fauna is reported from the upper Ship Point Formation of Foxe Basin.One new species of the colonial coral Crenulites from the Maysvillian exposures and two new species of conodonts from the subsurface Whiterockian carbonate interbeds are erected.

scholarly journals Determining the Tectonic Origin of the Gara and Mateen Anticlines Using Geomorphological and Structural Forms, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-100
Author(s):  
Varoujan Sissakian ◽  
Ala Ghafur ◽  
Hawkar Abdulhaq ◽  
Hassan Omer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
Geological Maps ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The Town ◽  
East West ◽  
Tectonic Origin

Gara and Mateen are 2 major anticlines in the northern part of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region, located in the vicinity of the town Amadiyah. Both anticlines are oriented in an almost east–west (E–W) trend with a steep southern limb. The length and width of the Gara and Mateen anticlines are 87 km and 63 km, and 11 km and 9.5 km, respectively. The 2 anticlines are separated by a wide and shallow syncline filled by the Tertiary rocks of the Pliocene–Pleistocene age. The oldest exposed rocks in the Gara and Mateen anticlines are from the Triassic age. The carapace of both anticlines is built up by the Bekhme and Qamchuqa formations. The geomorphological and structural features were studied through satellite images and geological maps. Based on these studies, it was found that both anticlines show clear geomorphological and structural features that indicate their lateral growth. Among those features are water and wind gaps, different shapes of valleys that indicate lateral growth, abandoned alluvial fans, whale-back shapes, en-echelon plunges, and multiple dome anticlines. Furthermore, the rate of upward movements was calculated using neotectonic data. In addition, the rate of river and stream incisions was calculated on the basis of the height of the river terrace levels.

scholarly journals LITHOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF CARBONATE ROCKS IN THE UPPER TOURNAISIAN SUBSTAGE AT THE ALEKSEEVSKY OIL FIELD

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
I. P. Zinatulluna ◽  
L. B. Kadyrova
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
The Core ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Geological Sciences

At the present stage of the development of geological sciences more detailed lithological and petrographic studies become more important. Microscopic studies of core material in the Upper Taurus substage made it possible to isolate the lithotypes of carbonates characteristic of the investigated field. There are cloddy, clot-detrital, clay-detrital, and foraminifera-clotting lithotypes.The collectors are only limestones lumpy and clotty-detritus of the isolated structural-genetic differences. The study of the core material of the Upper Taurus substage of the Alekseevsky oil field allowed to conclude that the Kizel and Cherepets horizons are separate development objects.

Rock Descriptions

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Point Load ◽  
Solid Core ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Recovery ◽  
Correlation Factors

AbstractThe paper critically reviews the description and classification of rocks for engineering purposes given in BS 5930. It makes a number of recommendations. These are concerned principally with the naming of carbonate rocks, weathering terms, the use of saturated strengths, correlation factors for use with point load strengths, the use of solid core rather than axial core measurements for ROD and not using a legend when the core recovery is less than 80%. The paper introduces the concept of an RQD300 and proposes the use of a lithological quality designation (LQD100 and LQD300). A change is suggested in the descriptive word order.

Morphologic and litogenetic typing of carbonat rocks of the Abalak-Bazhenov complex

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Yurchenko ◽  
A. S. Potapova ◽  
V. A. Bumagina ◽  
A. P. Vilesov ◽  
K. N. Chertina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Core Analysis ◽  
Genetic Typing ◽  
Bazhenov Formation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Abalak Formation

The most prospective section intervals in the Bazhenov formation (Tutleimskoy) and Abalak formation are composed of interbedded siliceous and carbonate rocks. Based on the core analysis, genetic typing of carbonate rocks was performed to improve the quality of their prediction, the most promising of them for finding of oil-saturated reservoirs are identified.

scholarly journals GEOTHERMAL ZONALITY OF OIL AND GAS BEARING DEPOSITS IN THE NORTH-WESTERN TERRITORY OF NOVOSIBIRSK REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Novikov ◽  
S. V. Ryzhkova ◽  
F. F. Dultsev ◽  
A. V. Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Paleozoic Basement ◽  
The North ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Jurassic Rocks ◽  
Gas Bearing ◽  
North Western

The article is devoted to the approach to geothermal zonality. The results of geothermal studies of oil and gas bearing deposits in the northern territory of Novosibirsk region and adjacent areas are presented. Geothermal zoning was carried out, and the major geothermal anomalies were determined. The features of the geothermal zonality of Mesozoic sediments in the region under investigation are first of all defined by the material composition of the Paleozoic basement, the structural arrangement, and the warming effect of ground water during its crossflows from deeper lying horizons. Formation temperatures get leveled within the boundaries of Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian sediments, and no anomalies are distinguished. The highest geothermal gradients sup to 3,6-4,6 °C/100 m and correspond to the edge zones of the development of intrusive formations of pre-Jurassic rocks. Lower gradients sup to 2,4-3,0 °C/100 m and characterize the regions, in which Paleozoic carbonate rocks occur.

scholarly journals Numerous chondritic impactors and oxidized magma ocean set Earth’s volatile depletion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruka Sakuraba ◽  
Hiroyuki Kurokawa ◽  
Hidenori Genda ◽  
Kenji Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Habitable Zone ◽  
Oceanic Water ◽  
Magma Ocean ◽  
Volatile Elements ◽  
The Core ◽  
Bulk Silicate Earth ◽  
Impact Erosion ◽  
Surface Environment

AbstractEarth’s surface environment is largely influenced by its budget of major volatile elements: carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and hydrogen (H). Although the volatiles on Earth are thought to have been delivered by chondritic materials, the elemental composition of the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) shows depletion in the order of N, C, and H. Previous studies have concluded that non-chondritic materials are needed for this depletion pattern. Here, we model the evolution of the volatile abundances in the atmosphere, oceans, crust, mantle, and core through the accretion history by considering elemental partitioning and impact erosion. We show that the BSE depletion pattern can be reproduced from continuous accretion of chondritic bodies by the partitioning of C into the core and H storage in the magma ocean in the main accretion stage and atmospheric erosion of N in the late accretion stage. This scenario requires a relatively oxidized magma ocean ($$\log _{10} f_{{\mathrm{O}}_2}$$ log 10 f O 2 $$\gtrsim$$ ≳ $${\mathrm{IW}}$$ IW $$-2$$ - 2 , where $$f_{{\mathrm{O}}_2}$$ f O 2 is the oxygen fugacity, $$\mathrm{IW}$$ IW is $$\log _{10} f_{{\mathrm{O}}_2}^{\mathrm{IW}}$$ log 10 f O 2 IW , and $$f_{{\mathrm{O}}_2}^{\mathrm{IW}}$$ f O 2 IW is $$f_{{\mathrm{O}}_2}$$ f O 2 at the iron-wüstite buffer), the dominance of small impactors in the late accretion, and the storage of H and C in oceanic water and carbonate rocks in the late accretion stage, all of which are naturally expected from the formation of an Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone.

scholarly journals Preliminary geologic, geomorphologic and geophysical studies for the paleoseismological analysis of the Amer fault (NE Spain)

2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fleta ◽  
P. Santanach ◽  
X. Goula ◽  
P. Martínez ◽  
B. Grellet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Mountain Front ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Wine Glass ◽  
Fault Slip Rate ◽  
Fault Scarps

AbstractThe Amer fault is a 30 km long normal fault, which generated the damaging earthquakes of March and May 1427. Triangular facets, wine glass drainage basins, alluvial fans and scarps along the Amer fault mountain front provide evidence of its recent activity. Topographic profiling, electrical logging, tomographic and high-resolution seismic profiling along the northern segment of the Amer fault showed the following: i) no evidence of surface deformation in recent deposits; ii) fault scarps produced by the Amer fault located only on old alluvial fans, probably Pleistocene in age, and iii) Amer fault related deformation reaching upper Quaternary levels, but not the uppermost horizons. The high sedimentation rate (nearly one order of magnitude greater than the fault slip rate) due to the filling of the lake, which resulted from the damming of the Fluvià river by the Bosc de Tosca lava flow (17,000 yr BP), can account for the absence of surface deformation on Holocene sediments.

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