scholarly journals Paul F. Bruggemann Retires from Editorship

ARCTIC ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Stewart D. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Government Work

The contributors and readers of Arctic will join in wishing Mr. Paul F. Bruggemann every enjoyment of the leisure that has become his on his retirement from the editorship. He kept the standard high, and there are few contributors who do not feel a sense of debt for the careful attention paid to their work. Readers have been grateful for the wide range of interests to which he catered. He took the job on at an age when most scholars have been compulsively retired, and he has done work of a quality which gives the lie direct to the popular assumption that a man's usefulness ends when he reaches sixty-five. Mr. Bruggemann was born on 28 February 1890 at Gut Mindenerwald, Gemeinde Hille, Westphalia, Germany. He received his formal education in Germany, including a degree in engineering and in this field was captivated by the new world of airplanes and flight. By the time he was ten years old he was very much aware of the world around him and his desire to know it better led him along many paths in natural history. ... In the autumn of 1926 Mr. Bruggemann came to Canada and settled at Lloydminster, Alberta, where he established a small business repairing farm machinery. In his spare time he studied the natural history and ecology of the area around him and made a collection of Lepidoptera. Always an excellent field observer and an intelligent and selective collector, he gathered during the Forties several thousand beautifully prepared specimens of great scientific interest. Several specimens he recognized as being extremely rare. His identifications of Dodia albertae Dyar, Lycea rachelae Hlst., and Boloria frigga saga (Staudinger) were confirmed by authorities in the Department of Agriculture at Ottawa, and the extensive correspondence which followed resulted in the offer of a field position on the newly established Northern Insect Survey to collect insects in the Yukon during the summer of 1949. The result of his work was a large collection of perfectly prepared and much needed series of insects, and the offer of a full time position with the Department. The following year the Survey was continued at Repulse Bay. This time Mr. Bruggemann collected plants as well as insects and contributed new records and distributional data for Melville Peninsula. In 1951, he went to northern Ellesmere Island thus realizing one of his earliest ambitions. Here it was my good fortune to have spent that season and several others with him in the high arctic. He was always the best of companions and this association is the most cherished of my arctic experiences. At Alert, carrying everything for survival with us, we travelled extensively on foot covering much of the area traversed by Fielden. Wherever we went he collected and added several extensions of range for both plants and insects. In 1952, Survey work was continued at Mould Bay, Prince Patrick Island, and in 1953 and 1954 at Eureka, Ellesmere Island, where he undertook as well a two year survey of musk ox for the Canadian wildlife Service. Among the most notable of his plant discoveries was Geum rossii found at Eureka, the second record for the Canadian arctic. Previously it had been known only from eastern Melville Island. Puccinellia bruggemanni, a grass endemic to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, was named in recognition of its collector. Space does not permit description of the extent of his collections, or of his detailed and meticulously prepared field notes and records on insects, plants, birds and mammals of the arctic regions he studied. On returning to Ottawa, Mr. Bruggemann spent some time photographing type specimens of Lepidoptera for the International Union of Biological Sciences. It was in October, 1956, that he retired from government work to accept the post of Editor of Arctic. He moved to the Montreal Office of the Institute on 1 May, 1958, where he remained until his retirement on 1 July, 1964. ...

scholarly journals New constraints on the age, geochemistry, and environmental impact of High Arctic Large Igneous Province magmatism: Tracing the extension of the Alpha Ridge onto Ellesmere Island, Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.V. Naber ◽  
S.E. Grasby ◽  
J.P. Cuthbertson ◽  
N. Rayner ◽  
C. Tegner
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Trace Element Geochemistry ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Element Geochemistry ◽  
Igneous Province

The High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) represents extensive Cretaceous magmatism throughout the circum-Arctic borderlands and within the Arctic Ocean (e.g., the Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge). Recent aeromagnetic data shows anomalies that extend from the Alpha Ridge onto the northern coast of Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. To test this linkage we present new bulk rock major and trace element geochemistry, and mineral compositions for clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine of basaltic dykes and sheets and rhyolitic lavas for the stratotype section at Hansen Point, which coincides geographically with the magnetic anomaly at northern Ellesmere Island. New U-Pb chronology is also presented. The basaltic and basaltic-andesite dykes and sheets at Hansen Point are all evolved with 5.5−2.5 wt% MgO, 48.3−57.0 wt% SiO2, and have light rare-earth element enriched patterns. They classify as tholeiites and in Th/Yb vs. Nb/Yb space they define a trend extending from the mantle array toward upper continental crust. This trend, also including a rhyolite lava, can be modeled successfully by assimilation and fractional crystallization. The U-Pb data for a dacite sample, that is cut by basaltic dykes at Hansen Point, yields a crystallization age of 95.5 ± 1.0 Ma, and also shows crustal inheritance. The chronology and the geochemistry of the Hansen Point samples are correlative with the basaltic lavas, sills, and dykes of the Strand Fiord Formation on Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada. In contrast, a new U-Pb age for an alkaline syenite at Audhild Bay is significantly younger at 79.5 ± 0.5 Ma, and correlative to alkaline basalts and rhyolites from other locations of northern Ellesmere Island (Audhild Bay, Philips Inlet, and Yelverton Bay West; 83−73 Ma). We propose these volcanic occurrences be referred to collectively as the Audhild Bay alkaline suite (ABAS). In this revised nomenclature, the rocks of Hansen Point stratotype and other tholeiitic rocks are ascribed to the Hansen Point tholeiitic suite (HPTS) that was emplaced at 97−93 Ma. We suggest this subdivision into suites replace the collective term Hansen Point volcanic complex. The few dredge samples of alkali basalt available from the top of the Alpha Ridge are akin to ABAS in terms of geochemistry. Our revised dates also suggest that the HPTS and Strand Fiord Formation volcanic rocks may be the hypothesized subaerial large igneous province eruption that drove the Cretaceous Ocean Anoxic Event 2.

scholarly journals An estimate of ice wedge volume for a High Arctic polar desert environment, Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3589-3604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Bernard-Grand'Maison ◽  
Wayne Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ground Ice ◽  
Polar Desert ◽  
Ice Volume ◽  
Carbon Release ◽  
Wedge Volume

Abstract. Quantifying ground-ice volume on a regional scale is necessary to assess the vulnerability of permafrost landscapes to thaw-induced disturbance like terrain subsidence and to quantify potential carbon release. Ice wedges (IWs) are a ubiquitous ground-ice landform in the Arctic. Their high spatial variability makes generalizing their potential role in landscape change problematic. IWs form polygonal networks that are visible on satellite imagery from surface troughs. This study provides a first approximation of IW ice volume for the Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, a continuous permafrost area characterized by polar desert conditions and extensive ground ice. We perform basic GIS analyses on high-resolution satellite imagery to delineate IW troughs and estimate the associated IW ice volume using a 3-D subsurface model. We demonstrate the potential of two semi-automated IW trough delineation methods, one newly developed and one marginally used in previous studies, to increase the time efficiency of this process compared to manual delineation. Our methods yield acceptable IW ice volume estimates, validating the value of GIS to estimate IW volume on much larger scales. We estimate that IWs are potentially present on 50 % of the Fosheim Peninsula (∼3000 km2), where 3.81 % of the top 5.9 m of permafrost could be IW ice.

NOTES ON SOME ARCTIC COLLEMBOLA

1938 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. James
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Far North ◽  
Southern Shore

The following notes were made from a study of several species of Arctic Coollembola collected by Mr. W. J. Brown, of the Division of Entomology, Ottawa. Mr. Brown accompanied the voyage of the Canadian Arctic Patrol during August and September, 1935. During the trip he was able to collect on the southern shore of Baffin Island, and also well within the Arctic Circle as far north as Ellesmere Island.

scholarly journals Using <sup>226</sup>Ra and <sup>228</sup>Ra isotopes to distinguish water mass distribution in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Mears ◽  
Helmuth Thomas ◽  
Paul B. Henderson ◽  
Matthew A. Charette ◽  
Hugh MacIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Exchange ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. As a shelf dominated basin, the Arctic Ocean and its biogeochemistry are heavily influenced by continental and riverine sources. Radium isotopes (226Ra, 228Ra, 224Ra, 223Ra), are transferred from the sediments to seawater, making them ideal tracers of sediment-water exchange processes and ocean mixing. 226Ra and 228Ra are the two longer-lived isotopes of the Radium Quartet (226Ra, t1/2 = 1600 y and 228Ra, t1/2 = 5.8 y). Because of their long half-lives they can provide insight into the water mass compositions, distribution patterns, as well as mixing processes and the associated timescales throughout the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). The wide range of 226Ra, 228Ra, and of the 228Ra / 226Ra ratio, measured in water samples collected during the 2015 GEOTRACES cruise, complemented by additional chemical tracers (dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (AT), barium (Ba), and the stable oxygen isotope composition of water (δ18O)) highlight the dominant biogeochemical, hydrographic and bathymetric features of the CAA. Bathymetric features, such as the continental shelf and shallow coastal sills, are critical in modulating circulation patterns within the CAA, including the bulk flow of Pacific waters and the inhibited eastward flow of denser Atlantic waters through the CAA. Using a Principal Component Analysis, we unravel the dominant mechanisms and the apparent water mass end-members that shape the tracer distributions. We identify two distinct water masses located above and below the upper halocline layer throughout the CAA, as well as distinctly differentiate surface waters in the eastern and western CAA. Furthermore, we identify water exchange across 80° W, inferring a draw of Atlantic water, originating from Baffin Bay, into the CAA. In other words, this implies the presence of an Atlantic water U-turn located at Barrow Strait, where the same water mass is seen along the northernmost edge at 80° W as well as along south-easternmost confines of Lancaster Sound. Overall, this study provides a stepping stone for future research initiatives within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, revealing how quantifying disparities in radioactive isotopes can provide valuable information on the potential effects of climate change within vulnerable areas such as the CAA.

Arctic Security, Territory, Population: Canadian Sovereignty and the International

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-374
Author(s):  
Mark B Salter
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Canadian High Arctic ◽  
Territorial Sovereignty ◽  
Arctic Security ◽  
Simultaneous Implementation ◽  
Blind Spots

Abstract Canada's policies to assert and maintain sovereignty over the High Arctic illuminate both the analytical leverage and blind spots of Foucault's influential Security, Territory, Population (2007) schema for understanding modern governmentality. Governmental logics of security, sovereignty, and biopolitics are contemporaneous and concomitant. The Arctic case demonstrates clearly that the Canadian state messily uses whatever governmental tools are in its grasp to manage the Inuit and claim territorial sovereignty over the High North. But, the case of Canadian High Arctic policies also illustrates the limitations of Foucault's schema. First, the Security, Territory, Population framework has no theorization of the international. In this article I show the simultaneous implementation of Canadian security-, territorial-, and population-oriented policies over the High Arctic. Next, I present the international catalysts that prompt and condition these polices and their specifically settler-colonial tenor. Finally, in line with the Foucauldian imperative to support the “resurrection of subjugated knowledges” (Foucault 2003, 7), I conclude by offering some of the Inuit ways of resisting and reshaping these policies, proving how the Inuit shaped Canadian Arctic sovereignty as much as Canadian Arctic sovereignty policies shaped the Inuit.

Some Soil-Inhabiting, Freshwater, and Plant-Parasitic Nematodes from the Canadian Arctic and Alaska

ARCTIC ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland H. Mulvey
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Lists nematode genera (and the number of species in each) collected on the Canadian Arctic Expedition in 1915-1916, and at Lake Hazen, Ellesmere Island, in 1962. The former collection, identified by N.A. Cobb, but not hitherto reported (cf. No. 2817 pt. F), comprises 22 genera containing 47 species, about half of which are cosmopolitan. The Lake Hazen collection is the first the the High Arctic; it contains at least 30 described and several undescribed genera, comprising 60 or more species. Gen. Plectus is abundant in both collections.

scholarly journals Apron Entrainment at the Margins of Sub-Polar Glaciers, North-West Ellesmere Island, Canadian High Arctic

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (121) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J.A. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
North West ◽  
Basal Ice ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Processes ◽  
Shape Analyses

AbstractFrom observations on the sub-polar glaciers of Phillips Inlet, north-west Ellesmere Island, neither complex basal thermal regimes nor internal thrusting need be invoked to explain all types of debris distribution in the basal ice of sub-polar glaciers. Debris is present in the terminal ice cliffs as: (1) debris-poor folia expressing internal flow patterns; (2) debris-rich bands of various thickness; and (3) augens or clots. Debris-rich bands and augens are concentrated predominantly in the basal ice, contain a wide range of grain-sizes, cut across debris-poor folia, rarely extend &gt;1 m laterally, and are irregularly spaced.Observations on patterns of entrainment and contemporary processes at ice margins, together with clast-shape analyses, suggest that the recycling and re-incorporation of fluvial/deltaic sediment, aprons, and pro-glacially thrusted blocks at the ice face are an alternative process of debris entrainment to basal plucking and large-scale freeze-on at the base of the glacier. The most active processes observed at the glacier margins are fluvial, and the origins of some debris-rich bands and augens are linked to thermal-erosional niches and abandoned meanders in the base of the glacier cliff face. Because the large-scale accumulation of ice-cored debris at glacier snouts represents periods of increased run-off and snout recession (specifically during the early Holocene), basal and englacial debris concentrations resulting from glacial over-riding and re-incorporation have great palaeoclimatic significance.

Canadian Sovereignty in the Arctic: A Comment on The Arctic in Question

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik B. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
International Lawyer ◽  
Wide Range

The international lawyer sometimes reads the current literature on the Canadian Arctic with a sense of uneasiness. A wide range of writers and scholars maintain an active discourse on questions relating to what is usually called “Arctic sovereignty.” It is not that the lawyer feels he has any special wisdom or monopoly on discussions of questions of “sovereignty.” The sovereignty concept has several layers of meaning, only one of which can be said to be the special preserve of the lawyer. Public discussion in Canada is largely, and legitimately, focussed on policy questions that flow from sovereignty, from Canada's right to exercise authority, to the exclusion of that of any other state, over vast areas of arctic lands and waters. If war is too important a matter to be left to the generals, perhaps sovereignty is too important a matter to be left to the lawyers. Nevertheless, the lawyer is sometimes troubled by a tendency of non-legal commentators to blur his favourite distinctions and to question some of his most firmly held assumptions.

scholarly journals One fly to rule them all—muscid flies are the key pollinators in the Arctic

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1839) ◽  
pp. 20161271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Tiusanen ◽  
Paul D. N. Hebert ◽  
Niels Martin Schmidt ◽  
Tomas Roslin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Insect Abundance ◽  
Diverse Background ◽  
Pollinator Community ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Flower Visiting

Global change is causing drastic changes in the pollinator communities of the Arctic. While arctic flowers are visited by a wide range of insects, flies in family Muscidae have been proposed as a pollinator group of particular importance. To understand the functional outcome of current changes in pollinator community composition, we examined the role of muscids in the pollination of a key plant species, the mountain avens ( Dryas ). We monitored the seed set of Dryas across 15 sites at Zackenberg, northeast Greenland, and used sticky flower mimics and DNA barcoding to describe the flower-visiting community at each site. To evaluate the consequences of shifts in pollinator phenology under climate change, we compared the flower visitors between the early and the late season. Our approach revealed a diverse community of insects visiting Dryas , including two-thirds of all insect species known from the area. Even against this diverse background, the abundance of muscid flies emerged as a key predictor for seed set in Dryas , whereas overall insect abundance and species richness had little or no effect. With muscid flies as the main drivers of the pollinating function in the High Arctic, a recently observed decline in their abundances offers cause for concern.

scholarly journals Snowfall and Oxygen-Isotope Variations off the North Coast of Ellesmere Island, N.W.T., Canada

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (114) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin O. Jeffries ◽  
H. Roy Krouse
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Snow Pack ◽  
The North ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
The Mean

AbstractSnow-pack along the land-fast ice fringe off the north coast of Ellesmere Island was generally characterized by depth-hoar overlain by dense snow and wind slab. Mean snow depth in the study area was 0.54 m (1982-85) and the mean δ18O value of the snow-pack was -31.3˚/00. Isotope data were not obtained previously for this geographic region and, therefore, complement a previous study of δ18O variations in High Arctic snow (Koerner, 1979). The data are consistent with an Arctic Ocean moisture source. The δ18O profiles show seasonal variations, with winter snow being more depleted in 18O than fall and spring snow. However, the δ18O profiles are dominated by a trend to higher δ18O values with increasing depth. This is attributed to a decrease in δ18O values as condensation temperatures fall during the autumn-winter accumulation period. During this time, there is also a change from relatively open to almost complete ice cover in the Arctic Ocean. The change in evaporation conditions and consequent effect on δ values gives rise to a sharp discontinuity in the δ18O profiles and a bi-modal δ18O frequency distribution. The bi-modal distribution is reinforced by a secondary isotope fractionation that occurs during depth-hoar formation. This isotope effect leads to a wider δ18O range but does not significantly alter the mean δ18O value.

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