NOTES ON SOME ARCTIC COLLEMBOLA

1938 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. James
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Far North ◽  
Southern Shore

The following notes were made from a study of several species of Arctic Coollembola collected by Mr. W. J. Brown, of the Division of Entomology, Ottawa. Mr. Brown accompanied the voyage of the Canadian Arctic Patrol during August and September, 1935. During the trip he was able to collect on the southern shore of Baffin Island, and also well within the Arctic Circle as far north as Ellesmere Island.

Crop production in the Soviet Arctic

Polar Record ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (42) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Richens
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Far North ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Economic Considerations

The northern limit of agriculture depends not on physiographical conditions but on economic considerations. This truism is frequently emphasized by Soviet writers, who point out that it is possible to provide the requisite conditions for plant life at any point on the earth's surface. What determines whether or not a crop is to be grown is the extent to which agriculturalists are willing to provide the plant with its appropriate environment. The latter very rarely coincides with the natural environment, and in some cases, as in the far north, may differ greatly from it. The following survey attempts to outline the extent to which Soviet agriculturalists have gone in providing plants with suitable growing conditions north of the arctic circle. The question whether the objective of arctic agriculture, food and fodder for the arctic zone, could not be realized more conveniently by transporting produce from a milder clime, will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Marlene Laruelle, Russia’s Arctic Strategies and the Future of the Far North (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2014).

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael L. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Human Development Report ◽  
Russian Territory ◽  
Far North ◽  
The Future

Of all the World‘s land that sits above the Arctic Circle, 40% is Russian territory. Half of the Arctic coastline is Russia. Three quarters of the Arctic‘s 4 million residents live in Russia, which hosts the two largest population centres, Murmansk and Norilsk (xxxi). The Russian Arctic produces 2/3 of all Arctic GDP (Arctic Human Development Report 2004, 75-76).

The Lepidoptera of Greenland; Some Geographic Considerations

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1135-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Downes
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Oceanic Island ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
The North ◽  
Almost All

AbstractFrom the revised list of the Lepidoptera of Greenland and from recent work in Ellesmere Island it is shown that almost all the species found in high arctic Canada occur also in Greenland, predominantly in the north, and that this high arctic element constitutes a large fraction of the fauna of Greenland as a whole. It is suggested that this part of the fauna originated entirely from the nearctic by the little-interrupted land route across the arctic islands. The poverty of southerly Lepidoptera in Greenland stands in sharp contrast. It is illustrated by a comparison with the vascular plants and by other comparisons with the Lepidoptera found in the corresponding life zones in North America, and this section of the paper includes the first published list of the Lepidoptera of Baffin Island. It is suggested that this southerly fauna is of adventitious origin, by casual dispersal from overseas (Labrador, Iceland) or perhaps in a few cases by introduction by man. Thus Greenland, in respect of its fauna of southerly type, is an oceanic island of post-glacial age. Similar evidence suggests that Iceland also has been populated mainly in the same way. The conclusions derived from the Lepidoptera apply to several other groups of insects and also to the mammals, including man.

scholarly journals The Eastern Canadian Arctic at ca. 6 ka BP: A Time of Transition

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin M. Williams ◽  
Susan K. Short ◽  
John T. Andrews ◽  
Anne E. Jennings ◽  
William N. Mode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic

ABSTRACT The middle Holocene was a time of definite environmental transition in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. Based on several proxy indicators (pollen, diatoms, foraminifera, molluscs and nearshore sedimentation rates), it appears that a thermal maximum occurred around middle Holocene (6-4 ka), several thousand years after the insolation maximum — a lag caused by the thermal inertia of the earlier massive ice sheet. Terrestrial records indicate that a warming began around 6 ka, both in the subarctic (Labrador - Ungava) and on Baffin Island. Marine records, on the other hand, suggested major water structure changes around 6 ka both in the Northeastern Canadian Arctic and also along the East Greenland coast with evidence of a marine surface water temperature maximum at 8 ka. We hypothesize that the marine circulation changes, both along the Baffin Island and along the East Greenland coasts, were primarily driven by glacio-isostatic uplift of the Arctic Channels. With the cessation of water flow of Atlantic (warmer) origin, and decrease in water volume from the deeper parts of the Arctic Ocean through the Arctic Channels, the export through the Fram and Denmark straits increased and the water column changed. Changes in the concentration and duration of sea ice along the eastern Canadian coast would have had important repercussions on the biota of the coastal marine and terrestrial ecosystems.

Middle Devonian brachiopods from the Bird Fiord Formation, Arctic Canada

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Rong-Yu ◽  
Brian Jones
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Middle Devonian ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Canada ◽  
Early Devonian ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
The Cross

The late Early Devonian to Middle Devonian Bird Fiord Formation, which is up to 900 m thick, is exposed along an extensive outcrop belt from stretches from Ellesmere Island to Bathurst Island in Arctic Canada. This formation, which encompasses sediments that accumulated in sabkha, deltaic, and shelf settings, is divided into six members. The Blubber Point, Baad Fiord, Norwegian Bay, and Cardigan Strait members, which include sediments that formed on an open marine shelf, are characterized by a diverse biota of brachiopods, mollusks, corals, trilobites, and sponges. The Cross Bay and Grise Fiord members, which encompass sediments that formed in a sabkha and delta plain settings, respectively, are generally devoid of fossils.A collection of 47,026 brachiopods, which came from 140 collections made at 34 locations throughout the outcrop belt of the Bird Fiord Formation, contains 22 species of brachiopods that belong to 21 genera. This biota includes six new species: Gypidula mega, Spinatrypa (Isospinatrypa) parva, Desquamatia (Independatrypa) fortis, Nucleospira stelcki, Warrenella grinnellensis, and Cranaena briceae. Four genera (Arcticastrophia Li and Jones, 2002, Borealistrophia Li and Jones, 2002, Grinnellathyris Li and Jones, 2002, and Costacranaena Johnson and Perry, 1976) and 16 species of brachiopods are endemic to the Arctic Canada. Conversely, the fauna also includes European elements such as Nucleospira lens (Schnur), Spinatrypa (Isospinatrypa), and Warrenella. These taxa may indicate that there was some communication between the Canadian Arctic and Europe during Middle Devonian.

Global transport rates and future prediction of hazardous materials: Pu and Cs – from Nagasaki to Canadian Arctic

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kudo ◽  
J. Zheng ◽  
R. Yamada ◽  
G. Tao ◽  
T. Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Global Transport ◽  
Analytical Technology

A historical man-made global pollution of hazardous materials occurred at Nagasaki, Japan on August 9, 1945 detonation of a plutonium (10–15 kg) atomic bomb. Recent advancements in analytical technology made it possible for artificial radionuclides released from the nuclear explosion to be detected in the Arctic ice core layer of 1945. The fission product, 137Cs (23.4 g or 7.44×1013 Bq), and unexpended fission material, 239+240Pu (8.8–13.8 kg or 2.22–3.49×1013 Bq), originating from the Nagasaki A-bomb were measured by collecting 10 ice cores on the Agassiz ice cap, Ellesmere Island, Canada. The deposition rates were 20 mBq/cm2 for 137Cs and 0.16 mBq/cm2 for 239+240Pu, originating from Nagasaki. Assuming the radionuclides, excluding the amount deposited as local fallout, are deposited evenly throughout the northern hemisphere, a rate of 67% of the expected amount of 137Cs arrived at the Arctic while 1.1% of 239+240Pu reached the Arctic. The results suggest that different transport mechanisms exist for these two hazardous contaminants in the global transport system. A non-reactive rare gas, such as neon and argon, can spread evenly throughout northern hemisphere, including Ellesmere island at the Canadian Arctic, while a reactive gas, sulfur dioxide (SO2) will not reach the ice cap. The measured global transport rates of 137Cs and 239+240Pu were 67% and 1.1%, respectively. These measured rates were for the historical man-made hazardous materials and probably obtained for the longest distance of global transport over 10,000 km. Assuming there was a consistency in climate for the next 10,000 years, the chronological anthropogenic deposits, mainly of 239+240Pu, could be detected in the ice layer between 97–98 m from the snow surface at 11,999 AD on the Agassiz ice cap. Even if there were no improvements in the radioactive analytical method used, the ice layers for the 1945–1980 period could still be easily identified with the present analytical technology. Hopefully this study will find a way to use our generation's artefacts for the benefit of our future descendants.

The Preparation of Skins and Clothing in the Eastern Canadian Arctic

Polar Record ◽  
1944 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 156-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. ◽  
E. W. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Women's Clothing ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Practical Information ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic

During the eight years I spent in the Arctic, I have experimented with a variety of clothing, but in neither winter nor summer have I found any more suitable than that worn by the present-day Eskimos in districts where caribou are still plentiful. From 1938 to 1941 we prepared all our own skins, and my wife made all the skin clothing excepting the seal-skin boots. The descriptions are primarily intended to give practical information on clothing to travellers in Arctic regions. For this reason we have made no attempt to discuss women's clothing. My wife adopted men's clothing because of its superior convenience, and because it requires less material. Women's clothing is made with a view both of being different from the men's and of accommodating the baby, always carried on the back. Except as otherwise indicated, both the clothing and the methods of preparation here described are those of the Eskimos of Baffin Island, Melville Peninsula, Southampton Island, and the coastal region from Repulse Bay to Chesterfield Inlet; and where mention is made of “the Eskimos”, the reference is to those of these regions only.

scholarly journals Ethnocultural Communities in Archival Films: Vladimir Erofeev’s “Beyond the Arctic Circle”

2020 ◽  
pp. 705-718
Author(s):  
Ivan A. Golovnev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Visual Anthropology ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Ethnographic Film ◽  
Far North ◽  
The North ◽  
Revolutionary Romanticism ◽  
Frontier Region

At the turn of the 1930s, the Soviet film industry produced for the wide screen many educational films about the life of remote regions of the country, allowing the audience to make a virtual journey through the multi-structured multinational Union of the SSR. The article is to introduce Vladimir Erofeev’s archival ethnographic film “Beyond the Arctic Circle” (1927), an assembled film about the “exotic” frontier region of the Far North. The socio-political and cultural-ideological context of the film creation is being analyzed. The author concludes that Vladimir Erofeev’s concept of documental film was radically different from that of Dziga Vertov (poetical Constructionism) or of Mikhail Kalatozov (revolutionary romanticism) or of Nikolai Lebedev (ideology journalism). The method consistently used by Vladimir Erofeev when creating his documentary films involved systematic study of source material and its retranslation in cinema; it thus may be called “anthropological newsreel.” Due to the specifics of silent cinema, the film “Beyond the Arctic Circle” is a kind of visual text consisting of approximately the same number of film images and captions alternating in a narration. The film is built as a sequence of episodes describing the geography and ethnography of distinctive North-Eastern outskirts of the country. In the course of the study it becomes obvious that this film is to the utmost a documental film / chronicle, which distinguishes it from many propaganda films of the Soviet period. The source base of the research is little-known archival film and photo sources, as well as data from the Soviet periodicals and excerpts from the theoretical heritage of the film director Vladimir Erofeev. The method discovered by Vladimir Erofeev, while working on the “Beyond the Arctic Circle” film, amount to combining research and creative approach, and thus his film conveys not just information about the events, but also provides their visual and emotional context, the vital “feeling” of the North. This is a case-study providing historical and anthropological analysis of the Far North image in the Soviet documentary. No wonder that the film “Beyond the Arctic Circle” has broken the framework of purely enlightening narrative and become an outstanding phenomenon in the cinema art and a significant experience of visual anthropology in the Soviet period, as well as a multi-layered historical source that has not lost its relevance for contemporary scientific research.

scholarly journals Paul F. Bruggemann Retires from Editorship

ARCTIC ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Stewart D. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Government Work

The contributors and readers of Arctic will join in wishing Mr. Paul F. Bruggemann every enjoyment of the leisure that has become his on his retirement from the editorship. He kept the standard high, and there are few contributors who do not feel a sense of debt for the careful attention paid to their work. Readers have been grateful for the wide range of interests to which he catered. He took the job on at an age when most scholars have been compulsively retired, and he has done work of a quality which gives the lie direct to the popular assumption that a man's usefulness ends when he reaches sixty-five. Mr. Bruggemann was born on 28 February 1890 at Gut Mindenerwald, Gemeinde Hille, Westphalia, Germany. He received his formal education in Germany, including a degree in engineering and in this field was captivated by the new world of airplanes and flight. By the time he was ten years old he was very much aware of the world around him and his desire to know it better led him along many paths in natural history. ... In the autumn of 1926 Mr. Bruggemann came to Canada and settled at Lloydminster, Alberta, where he established a small business repairing farm machinery. In his spare time he studied the natural history and ecology of the area around him and made a collection of Lepidoptera. Always an excellent field observer and an intelligent and selective collector, he gathered during the Forties several thousand beautifully prepared specimens of great scientific interest. Several specimens he recognized as being extremely rare. His identifications of Dodia albertae Dyar, Lycea rachelae Hlst., and Boloria frigga saga (Staudinger) were confirmed by authorities in the Department of Agriculture at Ottawa, and the extensive correspondence which followed resulted in the offer of a field position on the newly established Northern Insect Survey to collect insects in the Yukon during the summer of 1949. The result of his work was a large collection of perfectly prepared and much needed series of insects, and the offer of a full time position with the Department. The following year the Survey was continued at Repulse Bay. This time Mr. Bruggemann collected plants as well as insects and contributed new records and distributional data for Melville Peninsula. In 1951, he went to northern Ellesmere Island thus realizing one of his earliest ambitions. Here it was my good fortune to have spent that season and several others with him in the high arctic. He was always the best of companions and this association is the most cherished of my arctic experiences. At Alert, carrying everything for survival with us, we travelled extensively on foot covering much of the area traversed by Fielden. Wherever we went he collected and added several extensions of range for both plants and insects. In 1952, Survey work was continued at Mould Bay, Prince Patrick Island, and in 1953 and 1954 at Eureka, Ellesmere Island, where he undertook as well a two year survey of musk ox for the Canadian wildlife Service. Among the most notable of his plant discoveries was Geum rossii found at Eureka, the second record for the Canadian arctic. Previously it had been known only from eastern Melville Island. Puccinellia bruggemanni, a grass endemic to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, was named in recognition of its collector. Space does not permit description of the extent of his collections, or of his detailed and meticulously prepared field notes and records on insects, plants, birds and mammals of the arctic regions he studied. On returning to Ottawa, Mr. Bruggemann spent some time photographing type specimens of Lepidoptera for the International Union of Biological Sciences. It was in October, 1956, that he retired from government work to accept the post of Editor of Arctic. He moved to the Montreal Office of the Institute on 1 May, 1958, where he remained until his retirement on 1 July, 1964. ...

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