scholarly journals Non-invasive method for determining the level of stable intrathyroid iodine in the diagnosis and control of treatment of thyroid diseases (lecture)

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
I. O. Tomashevsky
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities ◽  
And Control

The technology of non-invasive determination of the level of intrathyroid stable iodine (ISI), called X-ray fluorescence analysis or X-ray fluorescence scanning, began to be used since 1968 and is currently used in approximately 10 radiological laboratories around the world as a unique research methodology. Only in recent years have the technical difficulties of this diagnostic method been overcome, and it is gradually becoming more accessible. Since 1974, the efforts of the staff of the Radiological Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (Obninsk) and the clinical hospital of the Central Health Unit No. 119 of the Federal Administration for Biomedical and Extreme Problems at the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Khimki) carried out the necessary scientific research and created an analyzer, a method for determining the level ISI and interpretations of the results obtained, allowed for use in Russia as serial laboratory technologies. The specified diagnostic method over the past few years has been successfully used in these institutions when examining more than 3,000 patients with various thyroid diseases (thyroid gland) and continues to be used in the comprehensive diagnosis of thyroid pathology. The purpose of this lecture is to familiarize endocrinologists with the diagnostic capabilities of this method.

scholarly journals Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Tool to Investigate Motor Cortex Excitability in Sport

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Fiorenzo Moscatelli ◽  
Antonietta Messina ◽  
Anna Valenzano ◽  
Vincenzo Monda ◽  
Monica Salerno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Motor Cortex Excitability ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Transcranial magnetic stimulation, since its introduction in 1985, has brought important innovations to the study of cortical excitability as it is a non-invasive method and, therefore, can be used both in healthy and sick subjects. Since the introduction of this cortical stimulation technique, it has been possible to deepen the neurophysiological aspects of motor activation and control. In this narrative review, we want to provide a brief overview regarding TMS as a tool to investigate changes in cortex excitability in athletes and highlight how this tool can be used to investigate the acute and chronic responses of the motor cortex in sport science. The parameters that could be used for the evaluation of cortical excitability and the relative relationship with motor coordination and muscle fatigue, will be also analyzed. Repetitive physical training is generally considered as a principal strategy for acquiring a motor skill, and this process can elicit cortical motor representational changes referred to as use-dependent plasticity. In training settings, physical practice combined with the observation of target movements can enhance cortical excitability and facilitate the process of learning. The data to date suggest that TMS is a valid technique to investigate the changes in motor cortex excitability in trained and untrained subjects. Recently, interest in the possible ergogenic effect of non-invasive brain stimulation in sport is growing and therefore in the future it could be useful to conduct new experiments to evaluate the impact on learning and motor performance of these techniques.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC TACTICS FOR TRAUMATIC INJURIES OF THE SPLEEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
M. M. Belous
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
Minimally Invasive Methods

Summary. Purpose. Having based on the determination of the degree of effectiveness and information content of the diagnostic methods for traumatic injuries of the spleen, to analyze the results of the instrumental diagnostic methods to create an algorithm for diagnostic and treatment tactics. Materials and methods: 355 victims were hospitalized with traumatic injuries of the spleen. Of these, physical and laboratory diagnostic methods were used in 100 % of cases, laparoscopy — 245 patients (69 %), laparocentesis — 21 (6 %), laparotomy —- 75 (21 %), ultrasound — 199 (56 %), x-ray — 67 (19 %), CT — 7 (2 %). Research results and discussion.The most informative diagnostic method is laparotomy. Of minimally invasive methods — laparoscopy, and of non-invasive methods — ultrasound. Conclusions. For successful recognition of spleen damage, it is necessary to use complex examination methods, depending on the indication developed for them, that significantly reduces the duration of the diagnostic phase.

Clinical and laboratory studies of the effectiveness of a non-invasive method of treating caries in the stage of white chalky spot with Icon technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
S.U. Maksyukov ◽  
D.V. Yogina ◽  
D.S. Maksyukov
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Tooth Dentin ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a non-invasive method of treating caries at the stage of a white chalky spot with the Infiltration Concept (Icon) technology. Materials and methods: the clinical and laboratory study included 5 teeth with caries in the white spot stage, removed according to orthodontic indications. The study included scanning in an X-ray computer microtomograph of selected samples of teeth with caries in the white spot stage before and after treatment of the caries area according to Icon technology. For each sample, 1601 X-ray projections were obtained, which were then reconstructed using the XRM Reconstructor software. The comparison of the mineralization density of the samples was carried out by calibrating the obtained images, reconstructing three-dimensional models of tooth samples and constructing maps of the mineralization fee. Results and conclusions. Data on the mineralization density before and after treatment according to Icon technology were obtained in the following areas of the studied teeth: caries in the white spot stage; dentin bordering on caries (the area touches the dentinoemal border as close as possible to the caries area); the area of healthy enamel on the opposite side of the tooth; dentin bordering on healthy enamel (near the dentinoemal border and as close as possible to the healthy enamel area). A comparison of the results obtained does not allow us to conclude about the effectiveness of treatment according to the Icon technology. Moreover, the mineralization density of the studied areas significantly decreased after the treatment.

scholarly journals Use of handheld X-ray fluorescence as a non-invasive method to distinguish between Asian and African elephant tusks

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kittisak Buddhachat ◽  
Chatchote Thitaram ◽  
Janine L. Brown ◽  
Sarisa Klinhom ◽  
Pakkanut Bansiddhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Elephant ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

X-ray fluorescence analysis in medical sciences: a review

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (0) ◽  
pp. s39-s44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B�rjesson ◽  
M. Isaksson ◽  
S. Mattsson
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals The Tolerance of Eucalyptus globulus to Soil Contamination with Arsenic

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Fernando H. Reboredo ◽  
João Pelica ◽  
Fernando C. Lidon ◽  
Maria F. Pessoa ◽  
Maria Manuela Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
And Control

The contamination of abandoned mining areas is a problem worldwide that needs urgent attention. Phytoremediation emerges as a successful method to extract different contaminants from the soil. In this context, Eucalyptus globulus plants growing in soils artificial contaminated with arsenic (As) were used to access its phytoremediation capabilities. The effects of As on photosynthetic performance were monitored through different physiological parameters, whereas the uptake and translocation of As and the putative effects on calcium, iron, potassium, and zinc levels on plants were evaluated by X-ray fluorescence analysis. Root system is the major accumulator organ, while the translocation to the above-ground organs is poor. In the end of the experiment, the root biomass of plants treated with 200 μg As mL−1 is 27% and 49.7% lower than equivalent biomass from plants treated with 100 μg As mL−1 and control plants, respectively. Each plant can accumulate 8.19 and 8.91 mg As after a 6-month period, when submitted to 100 As and 200 As, respectively. It seems to exist an antagonistic effect of As on Zn root uptake by E. globulus. In general, the tested concentrations do not influence negatively plant metabolism, indicating that this species is suitable for plantation in contaminated areas.

scholarly journals Study of chromium, selenium and bromine concentrations in blood serum of patients with parenteral nutrition treatment using total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243492
Author(s):  
Monika Pierzak ◽  
Aldona Kubala-Kukuś ◽  
Dariusz Banaś ◽  
Ilona Stabrawa ◽  
Jolanta Wudarczyk-Moćko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Control

Total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis (TXRF) was used to determine chromium, selenium and bromine concentrations in blood serum samples of 50 patients with parenteral nutrition treatment. The concentrations were measured two times, namely in the first day (I measurement) of the treatment and the seventh day (II measurement) after the chromium and selenium supplementation. For comparison purposes also serum samples of 50 patients without nutritional disorders, admitted to a planned surgical procedure to remove the gall bladder (cholecystectomy), were analyzed and treated as the control group. Descriptive statistics of measured concentrations of Cr, Se and Br both for the studied and control groups was determined. In order to check the effectiveness of Cr and Se supplementation, the results of the first and seventh day measurements for studied group were statistically compared with each other, with literature reference values and with the results of the control group (two-group comparison). These comparisons indicate the effectiveness of selenium supplementation in the applied treatment procedure. In the case of Cr and Br concentrations no statistically significant differences were observed. We conclude that monitoring of the concentration of the important trace elements in human serum should be standard procedure in parenteral nutrition treatment. In this monitoring the TXRF technique can be successfully used.

scholarly journals Automated COVID-19 Detection from Chest X-Ray Images : A High Resolution Network (HRNet) Approach 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sifat Ahmed ◽  
Tonmoy Hossain ◽  
Oishee Bintey Hoque ◽  
Sujan Sarker ◽  
Sejuti Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pcr Diagnosis ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Learning Architectures

Abstract Background/ introduction: The pandemic, originated by novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), continuing its devastating effect on the health, well-being, and economy of the global population. A critical step to restrain this pandemic is the early detection of COVID-19 in the human body to constraint the exposure and control the spread of the virus. Chest X-Rays are one of the non-invasive tools to detect this disease as the manual PCR diagnosis process is quite tedious and time-consuming. Our intensive background studies show that, the works till now are not efficient to produce an unbiased detection result.Method: In this work, we propose an automated COVID-19 classification method, utilizing available COVID and non-COVID X-Ray datasets, along with High Resolution Network (HRNet) for feature extraction embedding with the UNet for segmentation purposes.Results: To evaluate the proposed method, several baseline experiments have been performed employing numerous deep learning architectures. With extensive experiment, we got a significant result of 99.26% accuracy, 98.53% sensitivity, and 98.82% specificity with HRNet which surpasses the performances of the existing models.Conclusions: Finally, we conclude that our proposed methodology ensures unbiased high accuracy, which increases the probability of incorporating X-Ray images into the diagnosis of the disease.

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